National Languages Committee: Difference between revisions
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|altname=Name at creation|l2=Preparatory Commission for the Unification of the National Language|t2=國語統一籌備會|s2=国语统一筹备会|p2=Guóyǔ Tǒngyī Chóubèi Huì|w2=Kuo<sup>2</sup>-yü<sup>3</sup> T'ung<sup>3</sup>-i<sup>1</sup> Ch'ou<sup>2</sup>-pei<sup>4</sup> Hui<sup>4</sup>|altname3=Second name|l3=Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the National Language|t3=國語統一籌備委員會|s3=国语统一筹备委员会|p3=Guóyǔ Tǒngyī Chóubèi Wěiyuánhuì|w3=Kuo<sup>2</sup>-yü<sup>3</sup> T'ung<sup>3</sup>-i<sup>1</sup> Ch'ou<sup>2</sup>-pei<sup>4</sup> Wei<sup>3</sup>-yüan<sup>2</sup>-hui<sup>4</sup>}} | |altname=Name at creation|l2=Preparatory Commission for the Unification of the National Language|t2=國語統一籌備會|s2=国语统一筹备会|p2=Guóyǔ Tǒngyī Chóubèi Huì|w2=Kuo<sup>2</sup>-yü<sup>3</sup> T'ung<sup>3</sup>-i<sup>1</sup> Ch'ou<sup>2</sup>-pei<sup>4</sup> Hui<sup>4</sup>|altname3=Second name|l3=Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the National Language|t3=國語統一籌備委員會|s3=国语统一筹备委员会|p3=Guóyǔ Tǒngyī Chóubèi Wěiyuánhuì|w3=Kuo<sup>2</sup>-yü<sup>3</sup> T'ung<sup>3</sup>-i<sup>1</sup> Ch'ou<sup>2</sup>-pei<sup>4</sup> Wei<sup>3</sup>-yüan<sup>2</sup>-hui<sup>4</sup>}} | ||
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The '''National Languages Committee''' was established in 1919 by the [[Ministry of Education (Republic of China)|Ministry of Education]] of the [[Republic of China (1912-1949)|Republic of China]] with the purpose of standardizing and popularizing the usage of [[Standard Chinese]] in the country. The committee was known in English as the '''Mandarin Promotion Council''' or the '''National Languages Promotion Committee''' until 2003, but the Chinese name has not changed. The phrase ''Guoyu'' ({{lang|zh-TW|國語}} "National language") typically refers to Standard | The '''National Languages Committee''' was established in 1919 by the [[Ministry of Education (Republic of China)|Ministry of Education]] of the [[Republic of China (1912-1949)|Republic of China]] with the purpose of standardizing and popularizing the usage of [[Standard Chinese|Standard Mandarin]] in the country. The committee was known in English as the '''Mandarin Promotion Council''' or the '''National Languages Promotion Committee''' until 2003, but the Chinese name has not changed. The phrase ''Guoyu'' ({{lang|zh-TW|國語}} "National language") typically refers to Standard Mandarin, but could also be interpreted as referring to "national languages".<ref>{{cite book |last=Tsao |first=Feng-fu |year=2008 |chapter=Chapter 6: The Language Planning Situation in Taiwan: An Update |editor1-last=Kaplan |editor1-first=Robert B. |editor2-last=Baldauf |editor2-first=Richard B. |location=Bristol, UK |title=Language Planning and Policy in Asia: Japan, Nepal, Taiwan and Chinese Characters |volume=1 |publisher=Multilingual Matters |page=286 |isbn=9781847690951 |oclc=214322775}}</ref> The reorganization of the Executive Yuan made the duties of the National Languages Committee be transferred to the Department of Lifelong Education's fourth sector (Reading and Language Education) from 2013.<ref>{{cite web|author1={{lang|zh-TW|李婉慈}}|title=國語推行委員會承辦的本國語文業務，改由業務換由「終身教育司」的「第四科閱讀及語文教育科」承辦|url=http://laes.ntcu.edu.tw/LastNews/NewMore.aspx?sid=3&bid=1045|website={{lang|zh-TW|教育部國民小學師資培用聯盟學習領域平台}}|publisher=National Taichung University of Education|accessdate=28 November 2014|language=Chinese|date=26 February 2013}}</ref> | ||
It was created as the Preparatory [[Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation|Commission for the Unification of the National Language]] by the Republic (then still based in [[Nanjing]]) on 21 April 1919. On 12 December 1928, the commission was renamed to the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the National Language, headed by [[Woo Tsin-hang]] and had 31 members. The committee was revived in 1983 as the Mandarin Promotion Council based on [[Taiwan]]. | It was created as the Preparatory [[Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation|Commission for the Unification of the National Language]] by the Republic (then still based in [[Nanjing]]) on 21 April 1919. On 12 December 1928, the commission was renamed to the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the National Language, headed by [[Woo Tsin-hang]] and had 31 members. The committee was revived in 1983 as the Mandarin Promotion Council based on [[Taiwan]]. | ||
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Since the [[Taiwanization]] movement took hold in government, the committee also handles: | Since the [[Taiwanization]] movement took hold in government, the committee also handles: | ||
* Researching [[mainland China]] | * Researching the Mandarin spoken in [[mainland China]], often comparatively to that spoken in Taiwan | ||
* Researching the [[Formosan languages]] | * Researching the indigenous [[Formosan languages]] | ||
* Researching | * Researching local [[Varieties of Chinese|Sinitic languages]], including [[Taiwanese Hakka]] and [[Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese Taigi]] | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 07:09, 25 December 2025
Template:Short description Template:Expand Chinese Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The National Languages Committee was established in 1919 by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China with the purpose of standardizing and popularizing the usage of Standard Mandarin in the country. The committee was known in English as the Mandarin Promotion Council or the National Languages Promotion Committee until 2003, but the Chinese name has not changed. The phrase Guoyu (Script error: No such module "Lang". "National language") typically refers to Standard Mandarin, but could also be interpreted as referring to "national languages".[1] The reorganization of the Executive Yuan made the duties of the National Languages Committee be transferred to the Department of Lifelong Education's fourth sector (Reading and Language Education) from 2013.[2]
It was created as the Preparatory Commission for the Unification of the National Language by the Republic (then still based in Nanjing) on 21 April 1919. On 12 December 1928, the commission was renamed to the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of the National Language, headed by Woo Tsin-hang and had 31 members. The committee was revived in 1983 as the Mandarin Promotion Council based on Taiwan.
The decisions reached by the Council include:
- Changing the first- and second-grade textbook titles from Guowen (Script error: No such module "Lang". "National Script") to Guoyu (Script error: No such module "Lang". "National language"), on 24 January 1920
- Publishing the Guoyin Zidian (Script error: No such module "Lang". "National Pronunciation Dictionary") edited by Woo Tsin-hang, on 24 December 1920. The Guoyin Zidian later became the Mandarin Chinese Dictionary (Template:Zh), a comprehensive online[3] and CD-ROM Traditional Chinese Mandarin dictionary.
The Committee for National Language Romanization (Script error: No such module "Lang".) under the Council selects and modifies Romanization Systems. The official Mandarin romanization systems in the Republic of China have been:
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh (1928–1984)
- Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (1984–2002)
- Tongyong Pinyin (2002–2008)
- Hanyu Pinyin (starting on 1 January 2009)
Since the Taiwanization movement took hold in government, the committee also handles:
- Researching the Mandarin spoken in mainland China, often comparatively to that spoken in Taiwan
- Researching the indigenous Formosan languages
- Researching local Sinitic languages, including Taiwanese Hakka and Taiwanese Taigi
See also
- List of language regulators
- Speak Mandarin Campaign (Singapore)
- Taiwanese Mandarin
- Traditional Chinese characters
References
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