Reformist Movement: Difference between revisions

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{{for|the political alliance in France|Reformist Movement (France)}}
{{for|the political alliance in France|Reformist Movement (France)}}
{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
| logo_size        = 125
| colorcode        = {{Political party data|color}}
| colorcode        = {{Political party data|color}}
| name            = Reformist Movement
| native_name      = Mouvement réformateur
| native_name      = Mouvement réformateur
| abbreviation    = MR
| abbreviation    = MR
Line 16: Line 18:
| student_wing    = Fédération des Étudiants Libéraux
| student_wing    = Fédération des Étudiants Libéraux
| youth_wing      = Jeunes MR
| youth_wing      = Jeunes MR
| headquarters    = National Secretariat<br>Avenue de la Toison D'Or 84-86<br>1060 <br>[[Brussels]], [[Belgium]]
| headquarters    = National Secretariat<br>Avenue de la Toison d'Or 84-86<br>1060 <br>[[Brussels]], [[Belgium]]
| ideology        = {{ublist
| ideology        = {{ublist
  | [[Liberalism]] ([[Liberalism in Belgium|Belgian]])
  | [[Liberalism]] ([[Liberalism in Belgium|Belgian]])
| [[Pro-Europeanism]]
}}
}}
| position        = [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
| position        = [[Centre-right]] to [[right-wing]]
| international    = [[Liberal International]]
| international    = [[Liberal International]]
| european        = [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe]]
| european        = [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe]]
Line 32: Line 33:
| affiliation2    = [[Partei für Freiheit und Fortschritt|Party for Freedom and Progress]]
| affiliation2    = [[Partei für Freiheit und Fortschritt|Party for Freedom and Progress]]
| seats1_title    = [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]]<br>(French-speaking seats)
| seats1_title    = [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]]<br>(French-speaking seats)
| seats1          = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|ms-lower-house|constituency=60|percent=yes}} <!-- Values obtained from Wikidata; to edit, see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533384 -->
| seats1          = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|ms-lower-house|constituency=60|}} <!-- Values obtained from Wikidata; to edit, see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533384 -->
| seats2_title    = [[Senate (Belgium)|Senate]]<br>(French-speaking seats)
| seats2_title    = [[Senate (Belgium)|Senate]]<br>(French-speaking seats)
| seats2          = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|ms-upper-house|constituency=24|percent=yes}} <!--  Values obtained from Wikidata; to edit, see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533384 -->
| seats2          = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|ms-upper-house|constituency=24|}} <!--  Values obtained from Wikidata; to edit, see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533384 -->
| seats3_title    = [[Walloon Parliament]]
| seats3_title    = [[Walloon Parliament]]
| seats3          = {{Composition bar|20|75|hex={{party color|Reformist Movement (2023)}}}}
| seats3          = {{Composition bar|20|75|hex={{party color|Reformist Movement (2023)}}}}
Line 44: Line 45:
| seats6          = {{Composition bar|18|72|hex={{party color|Reformist Movement (2023)}}}}
| seats6          = {{Composition bar|18|72|hex={{party color|Reformist Movement (2023)}}}}
| seats7_title    = [[European Parliament]]<br>([[French-speaking electoral college|French-speaking seats]])
| seats7_title    = [[European Parliament]]<br>([[French-speaking electoral college|French-speaking seats]])
| seats7          = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|EP|percent=yes}}  <!-- Values obtained from Wikidata; to edit, see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533384 -->
| seats7          = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|EP|}}  <!-- Values obtained from Wikidata; to edit, see https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533384 -->
| seats8_title    = [[Benelux Parliament]]
| seats8_title    = [[Benelux Parliament]]
| seats8          = {{Composition bar|3|22|hex={{party color|Reformist Movement (2023)}}}}
| seats8          = {{Composition bar|3|22|hex={{party color|Reformist Movement (2023)}}}}
Line 51: Line 52:
| country          = Belgium
| country          = Belgium
}}
}}
The '''Reformist Movement'''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walsh |first1=David |title=Belgium: New seven-party coalition government officially sworn in |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/02/belgium-s-seven-party-coalition-government-sworn-in-after-nearly-500-days-of-negotiations |website=[[Euronews]] |access-date=4 January 2021 |language=en |date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Birnbaum |first1=Michael |title=Without a government for a year, Belgium shows what happens to politics without politicians |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/without-a-government-for-a-year-belgium-shows-what-happens-to-politics-without-politicians/2019/12/19/5c13cb48-20de-11ea-b034-de7dc2b5199b_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=4 January 2021 |language=en |date=20 December 2019}}</ref> ({{langx|fr|Mouvement réformateur}}, {{IPA|fr|muvmɑ̃ ʁefɔʁmatœʁ|pron}}, '''MR''') is a [[liberalism in Belgium|liberal]]<ref name="Nordsieck">{{Cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/wallonia.html|title=Wallonia/Belgium|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2019|website=Parties and Elections in Europe}}</ref><ref name="almeida">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unc.edu/depts/europe/conferences/tgsw/documents/TGSW_Almeida_Paper.pdf |title=Liberal Parties and European Integration |last=Almeida |first=Dimitri}}</ref><ref name="HayMenon2007">{{cite book|author1=Colin Hay|author2=Anand Menon|title=European Politics|url=https://archive.org/details/europeanpolitics00hayc|url-access=registration|date=18 January 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-928428-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/europeanpolitics00hayc/page/92 92]}}</ref> [[French Community of Belgium|French-speaking]] [[Political parties in Belgium|political party in Belgium]], which includes [[Social liberalism|social-liberal]]<ref name="chardon1">{{cite web |last=Chardon |first=Frédéric |title=Des libéraux veulent créer un courant progressiste au MR: avec Christine Defraigne à leur tête? |url=https://www.lalibre.be/belgique/politique-belge/2019/03/19/des-liberaux-veulent-creer-un-courant-progressiste-au-mr-avec-christine-defraigne-a-leur-tete-2ML6ARLUEJE5VJANQW2F55ZPTM/ |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=La Libre.be |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="lesoir1">{{cite web |date=2019-11-26 |title=RLP, le nouveau «Rassemblement des libéraux progressistes» au sein du MR |url=https://www.lesoir.be/262769/article/2019-11-26/rlp-le-nouveau-rassemblement-des-liberaux-progressistes-au-sein-du-mr |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=Le Soir |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="Almeida2012">{{cite book |author=Dimitri Almeida |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGzZ0MpDjtsC&pg=PA107 |title=The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-415-69374-5 |page=107}}</ref> and [[Conservative liberalism|conservative-liberal]] factions.<ref name="Slomp2011">{{cite book|author=Hans Slomp|title=Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LmfAPmwE6YYC&pg=PA465|access-date=23 August 2012|date=30 September 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-39182-8|page=465}}</ref><ref name="StarkeKaasch2013">{{cite book|author1=Peter Starke|author2=Alexandra Kaasch|author3=Franca Van Hooren|title=The Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtMQsESYcWwC&pg=PA192|date=7 May 2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-31484-0|page=192}}</ref> Stemming from the Belgian Liberal Party founded in 1846, the MR is one of the oldest parties on the European continent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MR and Open VLD celebrate 175 years of liberalism |url=https://www.aldeparty.eu/mr_and_open_vld_celebrate_175_years_of_liberalism |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=ALDE Party |language=en}}</ref>
The '''Reformist Movement'''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Walsh |first1=David |title=Belgium: New seven-party coalition government officially sworn in |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/02/belgium-s-seven-party-coalition-government-sworn-in-after-nearly-500-days-of-negotiations |website=[[Euronews]] |access-date=4 January 2021 |language=en |date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Birnbaum |first1=Michael |title=Without a government for a year, Belgium shows what happens to politics without politicians |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/without-a-government-for-a-year-belgium-shows-what-happens-to-politics-without-politicians/2019/12/19/5c13cb48-20de-11ea-b034-de7dc2b5199b_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=4 January 2021 |language=en |date=20 December 2019}}</ref> ({{langx|fr|Mouvement réformateur}} {{IPA|fr|muvmɑ̃ ʁefɔʁmatœʁ|}}, '''MR''') is a [[liberalism in Belgium|liberal]]<ref name="Nordsieck">{{Cite web|url=http://parties-and-elections.eu/wallonia.html|title=Wallonia/Belgium|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|date=2019|website=Parties and Elections in Europe}}</ref><ref name="almeida">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unc.edu/depts/europe/conferences/tgsw/documents/TGSW_Almeida_Paper.pdf |title=Liberal Parties and European Integration |last=Almeida |first=Dimitri}}</ref><ref name="HayMenon2007">{{cite book|author1=Colin Hay|author2=Anand Menon|title=European Politics|url=https://archive.org/details/europeanpolitics00hayc|url-access=registration|date=18 January 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-928428-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/europeanpolitics00hayc/page/92 92]}}</ref> [[French Community of Belgium|French-speaking]] [[Political parties in Belgium|political party in Belgium]], which includes [[Social liberalism|social-liberal]]<ref name="chardon1">{{cite web |last=Chardon |first=Frédéric |title=Des libéraux veulent créer un courant progressiste au MR: avec Christine Defraigne à leur tête? |url=https://www.lalibre.be/belgique/politique-belge/2019/03/19/des-liberaux-veulent-creer-un-courant-progressiste-au-mr-avec-christine-defraigne-a-leur-tete-2ML6ARLUEJE5VJANQW2F55ZPTM/ |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=La Libre.be |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="lesoir1">{{cite web |date=2019-11-26 |title=RLP, le nouveau «Rassemblement des libéraux progressistes» au sein du MR |url=https://www.lesoir.be/262769/article/2019-11-26/rlp-le-nouveau-rassemblement-des-liberaux-progressistes-au-sein-du-mr |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=Le Soir |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="Almeida2012">{{cite book |author=Dimitri Almeida |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zGzZ0MpDjtsC&pg=PA107 |title=The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-415-69374-5 |page=107}}</ref> and [[Conservative liberalism|conservative-liberal]] factions.<ref name="Slomp2011">{{cite book|author=Hans Slomp|title=Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LmfAPmwE6YYC&pg=PA465|access-date=23 August 2012|date=30 September 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-39182-8|page=465}}</ref><ref name="StarkeKaasch2013">{{cite book|author1=Peter Starke|author2=Alexandra Kaasch|author3=Franca Van Hooren|title=The Welfare State as Crisis Manager: Explaining the Diversity of Policy Responses to Economic Crisis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtMQsESYcWwC&pg=PA192|date=7 May 2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-31484-0|page=192}}</ref> Stemming from the [[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Belgian Liberal Party]] founded in 1846, the MR is one of the oldest parties on the European continent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MR and Open VLD celebrate 175 years of liberalism |url=https://www.aldeparty.eu/mr_and_open_vld_celebrate_175_years_of_liberalism |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=ALDE Party |language=en}}</ref>


Since October 2014, the party has provided two prime ministers: [[Charles Michel]] and [[Sophie Wilmès]]. It has been a member of every federal government since the 2000s. At the federated entities level, the MR was in charge of [[Wallonia]] from 2017 to 2019 with [[Willy Borsus]] as [[Minister-President of Wallonia]]. It is currently in charge of the [[French Community of Belgium|French community]] with Pierre-Yves Jeholet as [[Minister-President of the French Community|Minister-President of the French community]].
Since October 2014, the party has provided two prime ministers: [[Charles Michel]] and [[Sophie Wilmès]]. It has been a member of every federal government since the 2000s. At the federated entities level, the MR was in charge of [[Wallonia]] from 2017 to 2019 with [[Willy Borsus]] as [[minister-president of Wallonia]]. It is currently in charge of the [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] with Pierre-Yves Jeholet as [[minister-president of the French Community]].


The MR emerged victorious from the 2024 elections, becoming the leading French-speaking party. [[2024 Belgian regional elections|In Wallonia]], the party came out on top with 29.6% of the vote. [[2024 Belgian regional elections|In Brussels]], the MR also placed first, with 25.9% of the vote. Just a few days after the elections, the MR announced it would work closely with [[Les Engagés]] to quickly form governments in the Walloon Region and the French community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title='A collaboration, not a fusion': MR and Les Engagés will work together in all governments |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/1088944/a-collaboration-not-a-fusion-mr-and-les-engages-will-work-together-in-all-governments |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Having a majority on the French-speaking side of the [[2024 Belgian federal election|Federal parliament]], they joined forces to work on the formation of a new Belgian government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title=What's the latest on Belgium's Federal Government formation? |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/1132172/whats-the-latest-on-belgiums-federal-government-formation |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
The MR emerged victorious from the 2024 elections, becoming the leading French-speaking party. [[2024 Belgian regional elections|In Wallonia]], the party came out on top with 29.6% of the vote. [[2024 Belgian regional elections|In Brussels]], the MR also placed first, with 25.9% of the vote. Just a few days after the elections, the MR announced it would work closely with [[Les Engagés]] to quickly form governments in the Walloon Region and the French Community.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title='A collaboration, not a fusion': MR and Les Engagés will work together in all governments |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/1088944/a-collaboration-not-a-fusion-mr-and-les-engages-will-work-together-in-all-governments |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> Having a majority on the French-speaking side of the [[2024 Belgian federal election|Federal parliament]], they joined forces to work on the formation of a new Belgian government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title=What's the latest on Belgium's Federal Government formation? |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/1132172/whats-the-latest-on-belgiums-federal-government-formation |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}</ref>


The MR is an alliance between three French-speaking and one German-speaking liberal parties. The [[Liberal Reformist Party (Belgium)|Liberal Reformist Party]] (PRL) and the [[Fédéralistes Démocrates Francophones|Francophone Democratic Federalists]] (FDF) started the alliance in 1993, and were joined in 1998 by the [[Mouvement des Citoyens pour le Changement|Citizens' Movement for Change]] (MCC). The alliance was then known as the PRL-FDF-MCC federation. The alliance became the MR during a congress in 2002, where the German-speaking liberal party, the [[Partei für Freiheit und Fortschritt|Party for Freedom and Progress]] joined as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mr.be/PDF/Statuts-MR.pdf|title=Le Mouvement Réformateur: Statuts|publisher=The Reformist Movement|access-date=2007-07-08|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928025708/http://www.mr.be/PDF/Statuts-MR.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-28}}</ref> The label PRL is no longer used, and the three other parties still use their own names. The MR is a member of [[Liberal International]] and the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe]] (ALDE) Party. However, on 25 September 2011, the FDF decided to leave the coalition. They did not agree with the manner in which president [[Charles Michel (Belgian politician)|Charles Michel]] defended the rights of the French-speaking people in the agreement concerning the splitting of the [[Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde]] district, during the [[2010–11 Belgian government formation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deredactie.be/permalink/1.1119060|title=FDF almost unanimously votes in favour of split with MR|date=25 September 2011 |publisher=deredactie.be|access-date=2011-09-25|language=nl}}</ref>
The MR is an alliance between four liberal parties, three French-speaking and one German-speaking. The [[Liberal Reformist Party (Belgium)|Liberal Reformist Party]] (PRL) and the [[Fédéralistes Démocrates Francophones|Francophone Democratic Federalists]] (FDF) started the alliance in 1993, and were joined in 1998 by the [[Mouvement des Citoyens pour le Changement|Citizens' Movement for Change]] (MCC). The alliance was then known as the PRL-FDF-MCC federation. The alliance became the MR during a congress in 2002, where the German-speaking liberal party, the [[Partei für Freiheit und Fortschritt|Party for Freedom and Progress]] joined as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mr.be/PDF/Statuts-MR.pdf|title=Le Mouvement Réformateur: Statuts|publisher=The Reformist Movement|access-date=2007-07-08|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928025708/http://www.mr.be/PDF/Statuts-MR.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-28}}</ref> The label PRL is no longer used, and the three other parties still use their own names. The MR is a member of [[Liberal International]] and the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe]] (ALDE) Party. However, on 25 September 2011, the FDF decided to leave the coalition. They did not agree with the manner in which president [[Charles Michel (Belgian politician)|Charles Michel]] defended the rights of the French-speaking people in the agreement concerning the splitting of the [[Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde]] district, during the [[2010–11 Belgian government formation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deredactie.be/permalink/1.1119060|title=FDF almost unanimously votes in favour of split with MR|date=25 September 2011 |publisher=deredactie.be|access-date=2011-09-25|language=nl}}</ref>


==Ideology and policies==
==Ideology and policies==
Over the years, the MR has always oscillated between ideological markers closer to [[conservative liberalism]] or [[social liberalism]]. Its fundamental principles remain however the same through time, such as defending [[civil liberties]], [[free market]], entrepreneurial freedom, and [[Equal opportunity|equal opportunities]].
Over the years, the MR has always oscillated between ideological markers closer to [[conservative liberalism]] or [[social liberalism]]. Its fundamental principles remain however the same through time, such as defending [[civil liberties]], [[free market]], entrepreneurial freedom, and [[Equal opportunity|equal opportunities]]. The MR is generally positioned in the [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] or [[right-wing politics|right]] of the political spectrum.<ref name="Colomer2008">{{cite book |author=Josep M. Colomer |author-link1=Josep Colomer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6S5JJkjpzf8C&pg=PA220 |title=Comparative European Politics |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-203-94609-1 |page=220 |access-date=13 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="Pinxten2006">{{cite book |author=Rik Pinxten |title=Neo-nationalism in Europe and Beyond: Perspectives from Social Anthropology |publisher=Berghahn Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-84545-190-5 |editor1=André Gingrich |page=131 |chapter=Neo-nationalism and Democracy in Belgium: On understanding the contexts of neo-communitarianism |editor2=Marcus Banks |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zScJs9HjixQC&pg=PA131}}</ref>


During [[Georges-Louis Bouchez]]'s tenure as party president, the party is said to have shifted further to the right,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chini |first1=Maïthé |last2=Taylor |first2=Lukas |date=January 11, 2023 |title=A beginner's guide to Belgium's political parties |work=[[The Brussels Times]] |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/312358/a-beginners-guide-to-belgiums-political-parties |access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref> aligning more with [[Far-right politics|far-right]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marneffe |first=Adrien de |date=2025-05-12 |title="Si le MR continue d'avoir un discours proche de l'extrême droite, ce sera compliqué de gouverner avec eux" |url=https://www.lalibre.be/belgique/politique-belge/2023/09/17/si-le-mr-continue-davoir-un-discours-proche-de-lextreme-droite-ce-sera-complique-de-gouverner-avec-eux-UFXNBZHVY5FPRFQ7OGU6TBU4UU/ |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=La Libre.be |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Barkhuysen |first=Guillaume |date=2025-05-09 |title=Des activistes dénoncent "l'extrême-droitisation" du MR avec de l'affichage et des envois de mails : voici qui se cache derrière cette campagne |url=https://www.lavenir.net/actu/belgique/politique/2024/04/23/des-activistes-denoncent-lextreme-droitisation-du-mr-avec-de-laffichage-et-des-envois-de-mails-voici-qui-se-cache-derriere-cette-campagne-EMZ7VQ6PCJATVFYJREVG7TFMJI/ |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=lavenir.net |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=L'accueil d'anciens du parti d'extrême droite Chez Nous au MR continue à alimenter le débat - RTBF Actus |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/l-accueil-d-anciens-de-chez-nous-au-mr-continue-a-faire-parler-11489394 |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=RTBF |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Si ça ne vous plaît pas, vous n'êtes pas obligé de rester en Belgique' : les propos de Jeholet envers Nabil Boukili créent un tollé, le ministre réagit - RTBF Actus |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/si-ca-ne-vous-plait-pas-vous-n-etes-pas-oblige-de-rester-en-belgique-les-propos-de-jeholet-envers-boukili-creent-un-tolle-le-ptb-exige-des-excuses-11382881 |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=RTBF |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Les coulisses du pouvoir : en 5 ans, le monde politique a basculé vers la droite - RTBF Actus |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/a-droite-toute-en-5-ans-les-partis-politiques-belges-ont-bien-evolue-11376570 |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=RTBF |language=fr}}</ref> Bouchez has for example often publicly pointed out some excesses of the [[Woke|woke movement]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dejace |first=Thibault |date=2023-03-06 |title=Quand le MR et la N-VA s'attaquent au "wokisme" |url=https://www.moustique.be/actu/belgique/2023/03/06/la-culture-woke-critiquee-par-le-mr-et-la-nv-a-257854 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=Moustique |language=fr}}</ref> and he welcomed former members of the far-right Chez Nous party to the MR.<ref>{{Cite web |title=L'accueil d'anciens du parti d'extrême droite Chez Nous au MR continue à alimenter le débat - RTBF Actus |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/l-accueil-d-anciens-de-chez-nous-au-mr-continue-a-faire-parler-11489394 |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=RTBF |language=fr}}</ref>
During [[Georges-Louis Bouchez]]'s tenure as party president, the party is said to have shifted further to the right,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chini |first1=Maïthé |last2=Taylor |first2=Lukas |date=January 11, 2023 |title=A beginner's guide to Belgium's political parties |work=[[The Brussels Times]] |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/312358/a-beginners-guide-to-belgiums-political-parties |access-date=January 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Les coulisses du pouvoir : en 5 ans, le monde politique a basculé vers la droite - RTBF Actus |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/a-droite-toute-en-5-ans-les-partis-politiques-belges-ont-bien-evolue-11376570 |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=RTBF |language=fr}}</ref>  with critics of the party even going so far as to say that the positions of some of its members were increasingly moving towards the [[Far-right politics|far-right]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marneffe |first=Adrien de |date=2025-05-12 |title="Si le MR continue d'avoir un discours proche de l'extrême droite, ce sera compliqué de gouverner avec eux" |url=https://www.lalibre.be/belgique/politique-belge/2023/09/17/si-le-mr-continue-davoir-un-discours-proche-de-lextreme-droite-ce-sera-complique-de-gouverner-avec-eux-UFXNBZHVY5FPRFQ7OGU6TBU4UU/ |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=La Libre.be |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Barkhuysen |first=Guillaume |date=2025-05-09 |title=Des activistes dénoncent "l'extrême-droitisation" du MR avec de l'affichage et des envois de mails : voici qui se cache derrière cette campagne |url=https://www.lavenir.net/actu/belgique/politique/2024/04/23/des-activistes-denoncent-lextreme-droitisation-du-mr-avec-de-laffichage-et-des-envois-de-mails-voici-qui-se-cache-derriere-cette-campagne-EMZ7VQ6PCJATVFYJREVG7TFMJI/ |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=lavenir.net |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Si ça ne vous plaît pas, vous n'êtes pas obligé de rester en Belgique' : les propos de Jeholet envers Nabil Boukili créent un tollé, le ministre réagit - RTBF Actus |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/si-ca-ne-vous-plait-pas-vous-n-etes-pas-oblige-de-rester-en-belgique-les-propos-de-jeholet-envers-boukili-creent-un-tolle-le-ptb-exige-des-excuses-11382881 |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=RTBF |language=fr}}</ref> Bouchez has for example often publicly pointed out some excesses of the [[Woke|woke movement]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dejace |first=Thibault |date=2023-03-06 |title=Quand le MR et la N-VA s'attaquent au "wokisme" |url=https://www.moustique.be/actu/belgique/2023/03/06/la-culture-woke-critiquee-par-le-mr-et-la-nv-a-257854 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=Moustique |language=fr}}</ref> and he welcomed former members of the far-right [[Chez Nous (Belgian political party)|Chez Nous]] party to the MR.<ref>{{Cite web |title=L'accueil d'anciens du parti d'extrême droite Chez Nous au MR continue à alimenter le débat - RTBF Actus |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/l-accueil-d-anciens-de-chez-nous-au-mr-continue-a-faire-parler-11489394 |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=RTBF |language=fr}}</ref>


On its current platform, the party advocates higher revenues through lower taxes; time-limited unemployment benefits; life extension of the most recent nuclear reactors; greater investment in police, justice and defense; less government and [[Secularism|state neutrality]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avec le MR, l'avenir s'éclaire |url=https://2024.mr.be/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=MR |language=fr-FR}}</ref> MR is "belgicain", in favor of Belgian unity and a strong federal state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-18 |title=Georges-Louis Bouchez: «Je suis belgicain et non, ce n'est pas ringard!» |url=https://www.sudinfo.be/art/971373/article/2022-07-18/georges-louis-bouchez-je-suis-belgicain-et-non-ce-nest-pas-ringard |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=sudinfo.be |language=fr}}</ref>
On its current platform, the party advocates higher revenues through lower taxes; time-limited unemployment benefits; life extension of the most recent nuclear reactors; greater investment in police, justice and defense; less government and [[Secularism|state neutrality]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avec le MR, l'avenir s'éclaire |url=https://2024.mr.be/ |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=MR |language=fr-FR}}</ref> MR is "belgicain", in favor of Belgian unity and a strong federal state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-18 |title=Georges-Louis Bouchez: «Je suis belgicain et non, ce n'est pas ringard!» |url=https://www.sudinfo.be/art/971373/article/2022-07-18/georges-louis-bouchez-je-suis-belgicain-et-non-ce-nest-pas-ringard |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=sudinfo.be |language=fr}}</ref>


=== Foreign policy ===
===Foreign policy===
The MR is also a strong supporter of the [[European Union]] and [[NATO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mr.be/projet/ |title=Projet - MR |publisher=Mr.be |date=2021-12-22 |accessdate=2022-03-07}}</ref> It has always defended support, including military aid, for [[Ukraine]] since the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion]] in 2022. In 2024, the MR was the only party from [[De Croo Government]] to be opposed to Belgium [[International recognition of the State of Palestine|recognizing the State of Palestine]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-28 |title=Reconnaissance de la Palestine: pourquoi les libéraux sont-ils les seuls à s'y opposer? |url=http://www.rtl.be/page-videos/belgique/reconnaissance-de-la-palestine-pourquoi-les-liberaux-sont-ils-les-seuls-sy/2024-05-28/video/673355 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=RTL Info |language=fr}}</ref>
The MR is also a strong supporter of the [[European Union]] and [[NATO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mr.be/projet/ |title=Projet - MR |publisher=Mr.be |date=2021-12-22 |accessdate=2022-03-07}}</ref> It has always defended support, including military aid, for [[Ukraine]] since the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion]] in 2022. In 2024, the MR was the only party from [[De Croo Government]] to be opposed to Belgium [[International recognition of the State of Palestine|recognizing the State of Palestine]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-28 |title=Reconnaissance de la Palestine: pourquoi les libéraux sont-ils les seuls à s'y opposer? |url=http://www.rtl.be/page-videos/belgique/reconnaissance-de-la-palestine-pourquoi-les-liberaux-sont-ils-les-seuls-sy/2024-05-28/video/673355 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=RTL Info |language=fr}}</ref>
===Electoral positioning===
During the [[2019 Belgian federal election|2019 election campaign]], the RePresent research centre — composed of political scientists from five universities ([[University of Antwerp|UAntwerpen]], [[KU Leuven]], [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel|VUB]], [[UCLouvain]] and [[Université libre de Bruxelles|ULB]])<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jordens |first=Natacha |title=EOS research project RepResent - ULB |url=https://www.ulb.be/en/eos-projects/eos-research-project-represent |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241010135752/https://www.ulb.be/en/eos-projects/eos-research-project-represent |archive-date=2024-10-10 |access-date=2025-10-12 |work=ULB |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Libre2019">{{Cite web |last=Clevers |first=Antoine |date=2025-10-12 |title=Les résultats des élections sont trompeurs, Flamands et Wallons ont des opinions politiques assez proches |url=https://www.lalibre.be/belgique/politique-belge/2019/06/05/les-resultats-des-elections-sont-trompeurs-flamands-et-wallons-ont-des-opinions-politiques-assez-proches-DSOHL2PTRJGVHJXBC3BALPZ2FA/ |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=La Libre.be |language=fr}}</ref> — studied the electoral programmes of Belgium's thirteen main political parties. This study classified the parties on two "left-right" axes, from "-5" ([[Far-left politics|extreme left]]) to "5" ([[Far-right politics|extreme right]]): a "classic" socio-economic axis, which refers to state intervention in the economic process and the degree to which the state should ensure social equality, and a socio-cultural axis, which refers to a divide articulated around an identity-based opposition on themes such as immigration, Europe, crime, the environment, emancipation, etc.<ref name="Libre2019" />
The MR then presented a centre-right programme (0.85) on the socio-economic level, and the most centrist (0.4) of the Belgian political spectrum on the socio-cultural level.<ref name="Libre2019" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tassin |first=Stéphane |date=2025-10-12 |title=Voici le positionnement des partis selon les critères économiques et sociétaux (INFOGRAPHIE) |url=https://www.lalibre.be/belgique/politique-belge/2019/06/06/voici-le-positionnement-des-partis-selon-les-criteres-economiques-et-societaux-infographie-Q5RBAENNKVGR3JRMRWMHD22YBM/ |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=La Libre.be |language=fr}}</ref>
The RePresent centre repeated the exercise during the [[2024 Belgian federal election|2024 election campaign]] for the twelve main parties. The MR's positioning shifted towards the right on the socio-cultural axis (1.35) and especially on the socio-economic axis (3.57), where it became the most right-wing Belgian political party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Woelfle |first=Guillaume |title=Évolution du positionnement des partis depuis 2019 : le virage (très) à droite du MR, le PS et les Engagés un peu moins à gauche - RTBF Actus |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/plus-a-gauche-ou-plus-a-droite-comment-ont-evolue-les-partis-politiques-belges-depuis-2019-11374131 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=RTBF |language=fr}}</ref>


==Presidents==
==Presidents==
Line 78: Line 86:
* 2019–present: [[Georges-Louis Bouchez]]
* 2019–present: [[Georges-Louis Bouchez]]


== Representation in EU Institutions ==
==Representation in EU institutions==
In the [[European Parliament]], Mouvement Réformateur sits in the [[Renew Europe|Renew Europe group]] with three MEPs: [[Sophie Wilmès]], [[Olivier Chastel]] and Benoit Cassart.
In the [[European Parliament]], Mouvement Réformateur sits in the [[Renew Europe|Renew Europe group]] with three MEPs: [[Sophie Wilmès]], [[Olivier Chastel]] and Benoit Cassart.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advanced search {{!}} Search {{!}} MEPs {{!}} European Parliament {{!}} Belgium |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/search/advanced?countryCode=BE |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref>


In the [[European Committee of the Regions]], Mouvement Réformateur sits in the [[Renew Europe in the European Committee of the Regions|Renew Europe CoR]] group, with one full and one alternate member for the 2020-2025 mandate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Members Page CoR|url=https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=mem&language=en&country=BE&politicalgroup=2020112&v=1614869862634}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Members Page CoR|url=https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=alt&language=en&country=BE&politicalgroup=2020112&v=1614869974715}}</ref> Willy Borsus is second vice-president of the Renew Europe CoR Group.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bureau|url=https://reneweurope-cor.eu/bureau/|access-date=2021-04-12|website=Renew Europe CoR|language=en-GB}}</ref>
In the [[European Committee of the Regions]], Mouvement Réformateur sits in the [[Renew Europe in the European Committee of the Regions|Renew Europe CoR]] group, with two full and three alternate members for the 2020-2025 mandate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Members Page CoR|url=https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=mem&language=en&country=BE&politicalgroup=2020112&v=1614869862634}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Members Page CoR|url=https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/#/?mandate=alt&language=en&country=BE&politicalgroup=2020112&v=1614869974715}}</ref> Willy Borsus is second vice-president of the Renew Europe CoR Group.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bureau|url=https://reneweurope-cor.eu/bureau/|access-date=2021-04-12|website=Renew Europe CoR|language=en-GB}}</ref>


==Election results==
==Election results==

Latest revision as of 08:50, 19 December 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For".

Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Reformist Movement[1][2] (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "IPA"., MR) is a liberal[3][4][5] French-speaking political party in Belgium, which includes social-liberal[6][7][8] and conservative-liberal factions.[9][10] Stemming from the Belgian Liberal Party founded in 1846, the MR is one of the oldest parties on the European continent.[11]

Since October 2014, the party has provided two prime ministers: Charles Michel and Sophie Wilmès. It has been a member of every federal government since the 2000s. At the federated entities level, the MR was in charge of Wallonia from 2017 to 2019 with Willy Borsus as minister-president of Wallonia. It is currently in charge of the French Community with Pierre-Yves Jeholet as minister-president of the French Community.

The MR emerged victorious from the 2024 elections, becoming the leading French-speaking party. In Wallonia, the party came out on top with 29.6% of the vote. In Brussels, the MR also placed first, with 25.9% of the vote. Just a few days after the elections, the MR announced it would work closely with Les Engagés to quickly form governments in the Walloon Region and the French Community.[12] Having a majority on the French-speaking side of the Federal parliament, they joined forces to work on the formation of a new Belgian government.[13]

The MR is an alliance between four liberal parties, three French-speaking and one German-speaking. The Liberal Reformist Party (PRL) and the Francophone Democratic Federalists (FDF) started the alliance in 1993, and were joined in 1998 by the Citizens' Movement for Change (MCC). The alliance was then known as the PRL-FDF-MCC federation. The alliance became the MR during a congress in 2002, where the German-speaking liberal party, the Party for Freedom and Progress joined as well.[14] The label PRL is no longer used, and the three other parties still use their own names. The MR is a member of Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party. However, on 25 September 2011, the FDF decided to leave the coalition. They did not agree with the manner in which president Charles Michel defended the rights of the French-speaking people in the agreement concerning the splitting of the Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde district, during the 2010–11 Belgian government formation.[15]

Ideology and policies

Over the years, the MR has always oscillated between ideological markers closer to conservative liberalism or social liberalism. Its fundamental principles remain however the same through time, such as defending civil liberties, free market, entrepreneurial freedom, and equal opportunities. The MR is generally positioned in the centre-right or right of the political spectrum.[16][17]

During Georges-Louis Bouchez's tenure as party president, the party is said to have shifted further to the right,[18][19] with critics of the party even going so far as to say that the positions of some of its members were increasingly moving towards the far-right.[20][21][22] Bouchez has for example often publicly pointed out some excesses of the woke movement[23] and he welcomed former members of the far-right Chez Nous party to the MR.[24]

On its current platform, the party advocates higher revenues through lower taxes; time-limited unemployment benefits; life extension of the most recent nuclear reactors; greater investment in police, justice and defense; less government and state neutrality.[25] MR is "belgicain", in favor of Belgian unity and a strong federal state.[26]

Foreign policy

The MR is also a strong supporter of the European Union and NATO.[27] It has always defended support, including military aid, for Ukraine since the Russian invasion in 2022. In 2024, the MR was the only party from De Croo Government to be opposed to Belgium recognizing the State of Palestine.[28]

Electoral positioning

During the 2019 election campaign, the RePresent research centre — composed of political scientists from five universities (UAntwerpen, KU Leuven, VUB, UCLouvain and ULB)[29][30] — studied the electoral programmes of Belgium's thirteen main political parties. This study classified the parties on two "left-right" axes, from "-5" (extreme left) to "5" (extreme right): a "classic" socio-economic axis, which refers to state intervention in the economic process and the degree to which the state should ensure social equality, and a socio-cultural axis, which refers to a divide articulated around an identity-based opposition on themes such as immigration, Europe, crime, the environment, emancipation, etc.[30]

The MR then presented a centre-right programme (0.85) on the socio-economic level, and the most centrist (0.4) of the Belgian political spectrum on the socio-cultural level.[30][31]

The RePresent centre repeated the exercise during the 2024 election campaign for the twelve main parties. The MR's positioning shifted towards the right on the socio-cultural axis (1.35) and especially on the socio-economic axis (3.57), where it became the most right-wing Belgian political party.[32]

Presidents

Representation in EU institutions

In the European Parliament, Mouvement Réformateur sits in the Renew Europe group with three MEPs: Sophie Wilmès, Olivier Chastel and Benoit Cassart.[33]

In the European Committee of the Regions, Mouvement Réformateur sits in the Renew Europe CoR group, with two full and three alternate members for the 2020-2025 mandate.[34][35] Willy Borsus is second vice-president of the Renew Europe CoR Group.[36]

Election results

Chamber of Representatives

Election Votes % Seats +/- Government
1995 623,250 10.3 Template:Composition bar Opposition
1999 630,219 10.1 Template:Composition bar Decrease 1 Coalition
2003 748,954 11.4 Template:Composition bar Increase 6 Coalition
2007 835,073 12.5 Template:Composition bar Decrease 1 Coalition
2010 605,617 9.3 Template:Composition bar Decrease 5 Coalition
2014 650,260 9.6 Template:Composition bar Increase 2 Coalition
2019 512,825 7.6 Template:Composition bar Decrease 6 Coalition
2024 716,934 10.3 Template:Composition bar Increase 6 Coalition

Senate

Election Votes % Seats +/-
1995 672,798 11.2 Template:Composition bar
1999 654,961 10.6 Template:Composition bar Steady 0
2003 795,757 12.2 Template:Composition bar Steady 0
2007 815,755 12.3 Template:Composition bar Increase 1
2010 599,618 9.3 Template:Composition bar Decrease 2

Regional

Brussels Parliament

Election Votes % Seats +/- Government
F.E.C. Overall
1989 83,011 18.9 (#2) Template:Composition bar Opposition
1995 144,478 35.0 (#1) Template:Composition bar Increase 13 Coalition
1999 146,845 40.1 (#1) 34.4 (#1) Template:Composition bar Decrease 1 Coalition
2004 127,122 32.5 (#2) 28.0 (#2) Template:Composition bar Decrease 2 Opposition
2009 121,905 29.8 (#1) 26.5 (#1) Template:Composition bar Decrease 1 Opposition
2014 94,227 23.0 (#2) 20.4 (#2) Template:Composition bar Decrease 6 Opposition
2019 65,502 16.9 (#3) 14.3 (#3) Template:Composition bar Decrease 5 Opposition
2024 101,157 26.0 (#1) Template:Composition bar Increase 7 Template:Tba

Walloon Parliament

Election Votes % Seats +/- Government
1995 447,542 23.7 (#2) Template:Composition bar Opposition
1999 470,454 24.7 (#2) Template:Composition bar Increase 2 Coalition
2004 478,999 24.3 (#2) Template:Composition bar Decrease 1 Opposition
2009 469,792 23.1 (#2) Template:Composition bar Decrease 1 Opposition
2014 546,363 26.7 (#2) Template:Composition bar Increase 6 Opposition
2019 435,878 21.4 (#2) Template:Composition bar Decrease 5 Coalition
2024 612.010 29.1 (#1) Template:Composition bar Increase 6 Coalition

European Parliament

Election List leader Votes % Seats +/- EP Group
F.E.C. Overall
1979 André Damseaux 372,904 17.76 (#4) 6.85 Template:Composition bar New LD
1984 Daniel Ducarme 540,610 24.14 (#2) 9.45 Template:Composition bar Increase 1 LDR
1989 François-Xavier de Donnea 423,479 18.90 (#2) 7.18 Template:Composition bar Decrease 1
1994Template:Efn Jean Gol 541,724 24.25 (#2) 9.08 Template:Composition bar Steady 0 ELDR
1999Template:Efn Daniel Ducarme 624,445 26.99 (#1) 10.03 Template:Composition bar Steady 0
2004 Louis Michel 671,422 27.58 (#2) 10.35 Template:Composition bar Increase 1 ALDE
2009 640,092 26.05 (#2) 9.74 Template:Composition bar Decrease 1
2014 661,332 27.10 (#2) 9.88 Template:Composition bar Increase 1
2019 Olivier Chastel 470,654 19.29 (#3) 7.06 Template:Composition bar Decrease 1 RE
2024 Sophie Wilmès 900,413 34.88 (#1) 12.62 Template:Composition bar Increase 1

Template:Notelist

Notable figures

See also

References

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  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Template:Sister-inline

  • Script error: No such module "Official website".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Renew Europe Template:Authority control

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