Demographics of Pakistan: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:43, 31 October 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Pakistani English Template:Infobox place demographics

Pakistan had a population of 241,499,431 according to the final results of the 2023 census.^[1] This figure includes the country's four provinces e.g. Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan and the Islamabad Capital Territory. Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan's census data is yet to be approved by CCI Council of Pakistan. Pakistan is the world's fifth–most populous country.^[2]

Between 1951 and 2023, Pakistan's population expanded over sevenfold, going from 33.7 million to 241.5 million. The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%.^[3]

Dramatic social changes have led to urbanization and the emergence of two megacities: Karachi and Lahore. The country's urban population more than tripled between 1981 and 2017 (from 23.8 million to 75.7 million), as Pakistan's urbanisation rate rose from 28.2% to 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of the lowest in the world, and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.

Due to a high fertility rate, which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more.^[4] The median age of the country was 19,^[4] while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females.^[5]

The demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley civilization to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of Pakistan from Eurasia and the nearby Middle East. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. Pakistan is also thought to have the world's fourth-largest refugee population, estimated at 1.4 million in mid-2021 by the UNHCR.^[6]

Population

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Historical populations

The 2017 census recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in Pakistan's four provinces and the Islamabad Capital Territory.^[5] The census also reported that Azad Kashmir's population stood at 4,045,367^[7] and Gilgit-Baltistan's population was 1,492,924.^[8] This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917.

The statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022,^[2] and are covered in more detail in the following section. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation, with an uncertain future in the country.^[9]

Template:Chart

Template:Chart Template:Chart Template:Chart

File:Population Density by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg

Population Density per square kilometre of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

File:Population by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg

Population of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Estimates from the United Nations

In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a bi annually-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared estimates of Pakistan's population for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades.^[2] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Projections are highlighted in light yellow, and future figures are taken from the medium fertility variant.


Year	Population	% Population aged 0 to 14	% Population aged 15 to 64	% Population aged 65 or more
1950	37,696,264	40.5%	54.0%	5.5%
1955		40.3%	55.3%	4.4%
1960	45,954,226	40.6%	55.6%	3.7%
1965	51,841,626	42.3%	54.4%	3.4%
1970	59,290,872	43.7%	53.0%	3.3%
1975	68,126,999	43.9%	52.8%	3.4%
1980	80,624,057	43.0%	53.5%	3.4%
1985	97,121,552	43.0%	53.5%	3.5%
1990	115,414,069	43.7%	52.8%	3.5%
1995	133,117,476	44.4%	52.1%	3.5%
2000	154,369,924	42.9%	53.6%	3.5%
2005	174,372,098	41.1%	55.4%	3.5%
2010	194,454,498	39.2%	57.0%	3.7%
2015	210,969,298	38.4%	57.7%	3.9%
2020	227,196,741	37.3%	58.6%	4.2%
2025	249,948,885	35.3%	60.2%	4.5%
2030	274,029,836	33.2%	61.9%	4.9%
2035	298,432,780	31.7%	63.1%	5.2%
2040	322,595,767	29.5%	64.8%	5.7%
2045	345,818,945	28.1%	65.8%	6.2%
2050	367,808,468	26.6%	66.5%	6.9%

Structure of population

File:Median Age by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg

Median Age of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

The table below shows Pakistan's population structure by five-year age group and sex using data from the 2023 census.^[4] The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. With low death rates and a declining birth rate, the country is in the third stage of its Demographic transition. In 2017, Pakistan's sex ratio stood at 105 males per 100 females,^[5] which is much more balanced than South Asia as a whole.

The statistics below do not contain Azad Kashmir or Gilgit-Baltistan, which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad.


Age Group	Male	Female	Total	Sex ratio	Percent
Total	123,824,681	116,613,077	240,458,089	106.12	100.0%
0 – 4	18,744,989	17,726,432	36,471,421	105.1	14.0%
5 – 9	16,566,852	15,705,284	32,272,136	108.8	14.5%
10 – 14	14,971,914	13,817,137	28,790,182	111.8	11.8%
15 – 19	12,581,753	11,569,893	24,154,118	108.0	10.3%
20 – 24	10,323,755	10,141,864	20,468,713	100.0	8.9%
25 – 29	8,946,770	9,016,962	17,967,161	98.8	7.9%
30 – 34	7,730,953	8,026,004	15,759,670	96.4	6.8%
35 – 39	7,313,967	7,047,727	14,364,278	102.2	5.8%
40 – 44	6,471,820	6,063,242	12,536,758	101.5	4.6%
45 – 49	5,095,175	4,624,839	9,721,110	104.9	3.8%
50 – 54	4,219,234	3,827,003	8,047,113	110.4	3.3%
55 – 59	3,455,455	2,933,026	6,388,995	113.8	2.4%
60 – 64	2,247,341	2,063,695	4,311,861	108.9	2.1%
65 – 69	1,557,733	1,393,718	2,952,013	111.8	1.4%
70 – 74	1,131,916	1,001,805	2,134,220	113.0	1.0%
75 or more	1,338,251	1,287,621	2,626,523	103.9	1.26%
Age Group	Male	Female	Total	Sex ratio	Percent
0 – 14	43,533,720	40,182,776	83 716 496	108.3	40.3%
15 – 64	58,778,374	57,478,712	116,257,086	102.3	56.0%
65+	4,027,900	3,683,144	7,711,044	109.4	3.7%

Population distribution

Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the Punjab province. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is the least-populated. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas (which is the reason Punjab has the highest population as it is agriculturally fertile), particularly the Indus River and its tributaries. Most of the country's people live in rural areas, but two large and growing megacities exist: the coastal Karachi and Lahore in eastern Punjab. Numerous smaller cities (such as Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Gujranwala and the capital Islamabad) dot the rest of the country.

By province

The table below shows Pakistan's provinces and territories by their historical population. While every one of Pakistan's administrative units currently has a growing population, the pace of growth is uneven throughout the country due to differing levels of fertility, mortality, as well as domestic and international migration. Populations pertaining to the modern borders of provinces are shown.


Province or Territory	1951^[10]	1961^[10]	1972^[10]	1981^[10]	1998^[10]	2017^[5]	2023^[11]
Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	20,540,762	25,463,974	37,607,423	47,292,441	73,691,290	109,989,655	127,688,922
Template:Country data Sindh	6,047,748	8,367,065	14,155,909	19,028,666	30,439,893	47,854,510	55,696,147
Template:Country data Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	5,888,550	7,578,186	10,879,781	13,259,875	20,919,976	35,501,964	40,856,097
Template:Country data Balochistan, Pakistan	1,167,167	1,353,484	2,428,678	4,332,376	6,565,885	12,335,129	14,894,402
Template:Country data Islamabad	—	117,669	237,549	340,286	805,235	2,003,368	2,363,863
Four Provinces and ICT	33,740,167	42,880,378	65,309,340	84,253,644	132,352,279	207,684,626	241,499,431
Template:Country data Azad Kashmir^[7]	886,000	1,065,000	1,573,000	1,983,465	2,972,501	4,045,367
Template:Country data Gilgit-Baltistan^[8]	—	—	—	—	884,000	1,492,924
Total Pakistan	—	—	—	—	136,208,780	213,222,917

Urbanization

The following table shows how Pakistan has urbanised. As is true with population growth, urbanisation is an uneven and nonlinear process. With an urbanisation rate of 54% as of 2023, Sindh is the country's most urbanised province, just after Punjab. This is largely fuelled by the growth of Karachi, which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the province. On the other hand, the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan both share very low urbanisation rates.


Province or Territory	1951^[10]	1961^[10]	1972^[10]	1981^[10]	1998^[10]	2017^[5]	2023^[11]
Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	17.3%	21.5%	24.4%	27.6%	31.3%	36.9%	40.7%
Template:Country data Sindh	29.2%	37.9%	40.4%	43.3%	48.8%	51.9%	54.0%
Template:Country data Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	8.6%	10.3%	11.1%	12.6%	14.3%	16.5%	15.0%
Template:Country data Balochistan, Pakistan	12.4%	16.9%	16.5%	15.6%	23.9%	27.6%	30.1%
Template:Country data Islamabad	0.0%	0.0%	32.3%	60.1%	65.7%	50.4%	46.9%
Four Provinces and ICT	17.7%	22.5%	25.4%	28.3%	32.5%	36.4%	38.9%
Template:Country data Azad Kashmir^[7]	—	—	—	8.1%	12.5%	17.4%
Template:Country data Gilgit-Baltistan^[8]	—	—	—	—	16.8%	16.5%

Largest cities

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

As urbanisation has progressed and owing to the country's large population, Pakistan today has many very large urban centers which act as hubs for commerce and culture. The nation has two megacities, Karachi and Lahore. With populations of 18.9 million and 13 million respectively (as of 2023), they are among the world's largest metropolises. The country also has eight more cities with more than 1 million residents each: Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Peshawar, Quetta, and Islamabad. All of them play a significant role in the country, housing nearly 19 million people altogether.

Below a list showing Pakistan's cities with a population over 500,000 as of the 2023 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations. The full list can be found on the main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population.

All city population figures below include adjacent cantonments.

Template:Static row numbers


City Name	Province or Territory	2023 Population^[11]	Avg. Annual Growth Rate (2017-2023)	2017 Population^[12]	Avg. Annual Growth Rate (1998-2017)	1998 Population^[10]
Karachi	Template:Country data Sindh	18,868,021	Increase4.05%	14,884,402	Increase 2.48%	9,339,023
Lahore	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	13,004,135	Increase2.65%	11,119,985	Increase 4.06%	5,209,088
Faisalabad	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3,691,999	Increase2.37%	3,210,158	Increase 2.49%	2,008,861
Rawalpindi	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3,357,612	Increase8.18%	2,097,824	Increase 2.11%	1,409,768
Gujranwala	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	2,668,047	Increase3.55%	2,028,421	Increase 3.11%	1,132,509
Multan	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	2,215,381	Increase2.85%	1,872,641	Increase 2.38%	1,197,384
Hyderabad	Template:Country data Sindh	1,921,275	Increase1.53%	1,733,622	Increase 2.10%	1,166,894
Peshawar	Template:Country data Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	1,905,975	Decrease-0.55%	1,969,823	Increase 3.72%	982,816
Quetta	Template:Country data Balochistan, Pakistan	1,565,546	Increase7.79%	999,385	Increase 3.04%	565,137
Islamabad	Template:Country data Islamabad	1,108,872	Increase1.59%	1,009,003	Increase 3.45%	529,180
Sargodha	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	975,886	Increase6.81%	658,208	Increase 1.92%	458,440
Sialkot	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	911,817	Increase5.64%	656,730	Increase 2.36%	421,502
Bahawalpur	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	903,795	Increase2.88%	762,774	Increase 3.34%	408,395
Jhang	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	606,533	Increase6.58%	414,309	Increase 1.83%	293,366
Sheikhupura	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	591,424	Increase3.80%	472,269	Increase 2.79%	280,263
Gujrat	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	574,240	Increase6.65%	390,758	Increase 2.34%	251,792
Sukkur	Template:Country data Sindh	563,851	Increase2.02%	500,401	Increase 2.12%	335,551
Larkana	Template:Country data Sindh	551,716	Increase2.07%	488,006	Increase 3.15%	270,283
Sahiwal	Template:Country data Punjab	538,344	Increase5,59%	388,795
Okara	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	533,693	Increase6.90%	358,146
Rahim Yar Khan	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	519,261	Increase3.57%	420,963	Increase 3.14%	233,537
Kasur	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	510,875	Increase6.11%	358,296

Vital statistics

As Pakistan lacks a national vital statistics system that publicly disseminates data, all of the following information is made from estimates, which are constantly being revised. The United Nations estimated that in February 2021, only 42% of births in Pakistan were officially registered, making it the world's most populous country where more than half of births remained unregistered.^[13] The United Nations was unable to estimate how many deaths were officially registered.^[13]

Demographic and Health Surveys

Surveys taken by the Pakistani government or intergovernmental organisations are seen as the most reliable method of keeping tabs on birth, death, fertility, and infant mortality rates in a country without a reliable vital registration system. The data recorded in these surveys is used by the United Nations in order to estimate historical and future fertility and mortality figures for Pakistan in the World Population Prospects.^[14]


Survey	Crude birth rate	Crude death rate	Infant mortality rate	Total fertility rate			Life expectancy
Survey	Crude birth rate	Crude death rate	Infant mortality rate	Urban	Rural	Total	Male	Female
DHS 2006–07^[15]	30.7	—	78	3.30	4.49	4.08	—	—
PSLM 2007–08^[16]	—	—	69	3.13	4.41	3.95	—	—
PSLM 2011–12^[17]	—	—	63	3.26	4.35	3.95	—	—
DHS 2012–13^[18]	—	—	74	3.16	4.20	3.84	—	—
PSLM 2013–14^[19]	—	—	65	3.24	4.35	3.95	—	—
DHS 2017–18^[20]	29	—	62	2.93	3.94	3.56	—	—
PSLM 2018–19^[21]	—	—	60	3.01	4.21	3.75	—	—
PMMS 2019^[22]	—	—	—	—	—	—	64.3	66.5
PDS 2020^[23]	27	6.7	56	3.07	4.11	3.72	64.5	65.5

Regional fertility rates

Many of the surveys above also recorded fertility rate data broken down by each of Pakistan's administrative units, while many more surveys have been taken explicitly focusing on a specific province or territory. The fertility rate data recorded in these surveys is displayed in the table below.


Survey	Punjab	Sindh	KPK	Balochistan	ICT	AJK	G-B	Pakistan
DHS 2006–07^[15]	3.9	4.3	4.3	4.1	—	—	—	4.08
MICS Punjab 2011^[24]	3.6	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
DHS 2012–13^[18]	3.8	3.9	3.9	4.2	3.0	—	3.8	3.84
MICS Punjab 2014^[25]	3.5	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
MICS Sindh 2014^[26]	—	4.0	—	—	—	—	—	—
MICS KPK 2016–17^[27]	—	—	4.0	—	—	—	—	—
MICS G-B 2016–17^[28]	—	—	—	—	—	—	4.6	—
DHS 2017–18^[20]	3.4	3.6	4.1	4.0	3.0	3.5	4.7	3.56
MICS Punjab 2017–18^[29]	3.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
MICS Sindh 2018–19^[30]	—	3.7	—	—	—	—	—	—
MICS KPK 2019^[31]	—	—	4.0	—	—	—	—	—
MICS Balochistan 2019-20^[32]	—	—	—	4.0	—	—	—	—
MICS AJK 2020–21^[33]	—	—	—	—	—	3.4	—	—

The MICS surveys above also provide data on the district level, although they come with a far higher margin of error. This margin of error is lessened for larger districts from where larger sample sizes were utilised. In the chart below, the latest fertility rate data for each Pakistani district with a population of over 2 million as of the 2017 census can be found. Although the table is originally ranked by district population size, clicking the headers will allow the reader to sort the table.

Template:Static row numbers


District	Province	Total fertility rate	Margin of error	Year of survey	2017 Population
Lahore	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.1	±0.2	2017–18^[29]	11,119,985
Faisalabad	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.3	±0.2	2017–18^[29]	7,882,444
Rawalpindi	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.2	±0.2	2017–18^[29]	5,402,380
Gujranwala	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.4	±0.2	2017–18^[29]	5,011,066
Rahim Yar Khan	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	4.6	±0.4	2017–18^[29]	4,807,762
Multan	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.6	±0.3	2017–18^[29]	4,746,166
Peshawar	Template:Country data Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	4.0	±0.5	2019^[31]	4,331,959
Muzaffargarh	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	4.7	±0.3	2017–18^[29]	4,328,549
Karachi West	Template:Country data Sindh	2.2	±0.3	2018–19^[30]	3,907,065
Sialkot	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.5	±0.3	2017–18^[29]	3,894,938
Sargodha	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.6	±0.3	2017–18^[29]	3,696,212
Bahawalpur	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.9	±0.4	2017–18^[29]	3,669,176
Sheikhupura	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.7	±0.3	2017–18^[29]	3,460,004
Qasur	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	4.3	±0.3	2017–18^[29]	3,454,881
Okara	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	4.3	±0.4	2017–18^[29]	3,040,826
Bahawalnagar	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.7	±0.3	2017–18^[29]	2,975,656
Karachi Central	Template:Country data Sindh	2.2	±0.3	2018–19^[30]	2,971,382
Khanewal	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	4.0	±0.4	2017–18^[29]	2,920,233
Vehari	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.8	±0.3	2017–18^[29]	2,902,081
Karachi East	Template:Country data Sindh	3.2	±0.4	2018–19^[30]	2,875,315
Dera Ghazi Khan	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	5.4	±0.5	2017–18^[29]	2,872,631
Gujrat	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.1	±0.2	2017–18^[29]	2,756,289
Jhang	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	4.3	±0.4	2017–18^[29]	2,742,633
Korangi	Template:Country data Sindh	2.5	±0.3	2018–19^[30]	2,577,556
Sahiwal	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.6	±0.4	2017–18^[29]	2,513,011
Khairpur	Template:Country data Sindh	4.8	±0.8	2018–19^[30]	2,405,190
Mardan	Template:Country data Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	4.0	±0.3	2019^[31]	2,373,399
Swat	Template:Country data Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	4.5	±0.5	2019^[31]	2,308,624
Quetta	Template:Country data Balochistan, Pakistan	4.7	±0.3	2019-20^[32]	2,269,473
Hyderabad	Template:Country data Sindh	3.0	±0.4	2018–19^[30]	2,199,928
Toba Tek Singh	Template:Country data Punjab, Pakistan	3.5	±0.3	2017–18^[29]	2,191,495
Sanghar	Template:Country data Sindh	4.2	±0.4	2018–19^[30]	2,049,873
Islamabad	Template:Country data Islamabad	3.0	±0.3	2017–18^[20]	2,003,368

Estimates from the United Nations

In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared the following estimates of demographic indicators in Pakistan for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades.^[2] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.

Year	Mid-year population	Live births	Deaths	Annual natural increase	CBR	CDR	RNC	Crude migration rate (per 1,000)	IMR	TFR	Life expectancy (Male)	Life expectancy (Female)
1950	37,696,264	1,647,739	1,173,219	474,520	43.7	31.1	12.6		263.4	6.80	36.2	33.4
1951	38,215,785	1,686,378	1,121,858	564,520	44.1	29.4	14.8	-1.0	252.9	6.80	37.5	34.6
1952	38,816,777	1,727,288	1,089,817	637,471	44.5	28.1	16.4	-0.7	243.3	6.80	38.6	35.8
1953	39,488,228	1,768,524	1,063,098	705,426	44.8	26.9	17.9	-0.6	234.1	6.80	39.8	36.9
1954	40,224,090	1,810,574	1,044,277	766,297	45.0	26.0	19.0	-0.4	225.6	6.80	40.7	37.9
1955	41,023,128	1,853,944	1,022,153	831,791	45.2	24.9	20.3	-0.4	217.4	6.80	41.8	39.0
1956	41,884,995	1,900,510	1,008,574	891,936	45.4	24.1	21.3	-0.3	209.6	6.80	42.7	39.8
1957	42,808,511	1,948,801	993,703	955,098	45.5	23.2	22.3	-0.3	202.2	6.80	43.7	40.7
1958	43,794,993	1,999,584	981,704	1,017,880	45.6	22.4	23.2	-0.2	195.2	6.80	44.6	41.6
1959	44,843,639	2,049,555	970,149	1,079,406	45.7	21.6	24.1	-0.2	188.7	6.80	45.5	42.5
1960	45,954,226	2,102,786	961,020	1,141,766	45.7	20.9	24.8	0	182.6	6.80	46.3	43.4
1961	47,060,915	2,157,005	951,411	1,205,594	45.8	20.2	25.6	-1.5	176.7	6.80	47.2	44.2
1962	48,161,841	2,201,790	939,942	1,261,848	45.6	19.5	26.2	-2.8	171.2	6.80	48.0	45.0
1963	49,325,050	2,247,761	922,383	1,325,378	45.5	18.7	26.8	-2.6	166.0	6.80	48.8	46.3
1964	50,552,592	2,293,167	907,551	1,385,616	45.3	17.9	27.4	-2.5	161.2	6.80	49.7	47.4
1965	51,841,626	2,340,733	897,333	1,443,400	45.1	17.3	27.8	-2.3	157.5	6.80	50.3	48.5
1966	53,199,414	2,388,085	869,523	1,518,562	44.8	16.3	28.5	-2.3	153.2	6.80	51.6	50.0
1967	54,629,793	2,438,389	854,112	1,584,277	44.6	15.6	29.0	-2.1	149.9	6.80	52.6	51.2
1968	56,124,743	2,483,692	840,624	1,643,068	44.2	15.0	29.2	-1.8	147.0	6.80	53.5	52.3
1969	57,676,805	2,524,648	831,202	1,693,446	43.7	14.4	29.3	-1.6	144.5	6.80	54.2	53.3
1970	59,290,872	2,584,996	818,806	1,766,190	43.5	13.8	29.8	-1.8	142.1	6.80	55.0	54.6
1971	60,878,781	2,648,206	985,142	1,663,064	43.4	16.2	27.3	-0.5	145.5	6.80	49.0	52.2
1972	62,509,565	2,712,779	838,978	1,873,801	43.3	13.4	29.9	-3.1	137.9	6.81	55.4	55.1
1973	64,285,624	2,785,335	852,459	1,932,876	43.3	13.2	30.0	-1.6	136.0	6.81	55.5	55.5
1974	66,149,169	2,853,960	874,080	1,979,880	43.1	13.2	29.9	-0.9	134.3	6.81	55.4	55.6
1975	68,126,999	2,931,237	882,423	2,048,814	43.0	13.0	30.1	-0.2	132.5	6.81	55.8	56.2
1976	70,230,923	3,015,342	900,018	2,115,324	42.9	12.8	30.1	0.8	131.0	6.81	55.9	56.5
1977	72,451,105	3,116,181	922,294	2,193,887	43.0	12.7	30.3	1.3	129.6	6.80	55.8	56.9
1978	74,789,330	3,223,019	934,553	2,288,466	43.1	12.5	30.6	1.7	128.1	6.78	56.3	57.4
1979	77,407,341	3,337,688	950,235	2,387,453	43.2	12.3	30.9	4.1	126.6	6.76	56.5	58.1
1980	80,624,057	3,487,787	970,044	2,517,743	43.5	12.1	31.4	10.2	125.1	6.73	56.8	58.6
1981	84,270,202	3,700,274	1,001,060	2,699,214	44.2	11.9	32.2	13.0	123.6	6.70	57.1	59.3
1982	87,828,198	3,903,191	1,035,663	2,867,528	44.6	11.8	32.7	9.5	122.1	6.67	57.4	59.8
1983	91,080,372	4,067,866	1,057,064	3,010,802	44.7	11.6	33.1	3.9	120.5	6.64	57.7	60.5
1984	94,003,867	4,188,905	1,075,240	3,113,665	44.5	11.4	33.1	-1.0	118.8	6.62	58.0	61.0
1985	97,121,552	4,291,612	1,100,992	3,190,620	44.2	11.4	32.9	0.3	117.0	6.59	58.5	60.4
1986	100,618,523	4,453,073	1,131,849	3,321,224	44.3	11.3	33.0	3.0	115.2	6.55	58.8	60.3
1987	104,251,093	4,602,418	1,185,062	3,417,356	44.2	11.4	32.8	3.3	113.3	6.52	58.5	59.8
1988	107,967,838	4,749,506	1,208,574	3,540,932	44.0	11.2	32.8	2.9	111.5	6.48	58.5	60.4
1989	111,670,386	4,877,528	1,229,672	3,647,856	43.7	11.0	32.7	1.6	109.6	6.43	58.7	60.7
1990	115,414,069	4,979,805	1,238,482	3,741,323	43.1	10.7	32.4	1.1	107.8	6.36	59.0	61.4
1991	119,203,569	5,070,548	1,256,930	3,813,618	42.5	10.5	32.0	0.8	105.9	6.29	59.4	61.3
1992	122,375,179	5,146,942	1,290,628	3,856,314	41.8	10.5	31.3	-4.7	103.9	6.21	59.6	60.7
1993	125,546,615	5,116,844	1,309,418	3,807,426	40.8	10.4	30.3	-4.4	101.7	6.11	59.6	60.4
1994	129,245,139	5,188,381	1,321,834	3,866,547	40.1	10.2	29.9	-0.4	99.5	6.01	59.7	60.6
1995	133,117,476	5,214,150	1,355,586	3,858,564	39.2	10.2	29.0	1.0	97.2	5.89	59.5	60.4
1996	137,234,810	5,283,367	1,351,457	3,931,910	38.5	9.9	28.7	2.2	94.7	5.77	59.9	61.1
1997	141,330,267	5,323,160	1,363,688	3,959,472	37.7	9.7	28.0	1.8	92.3	5.64	59.9	61.5
1998	145,476,106	5,391,873	1,360,060	4,031,813	37.1	9.4	27.7	1.6	89.9	5.51	60.2	62.1
1999	149,694,462	5,457,820	1,350,165	4,107,655	36.5	9.0	27.5	1.5	87.5	5.39	60.8	62.8
2000	154,369,924	5,503,880	1,349,760	4,154,120	35.8	8.8	27.0	4.2	85.3	5.26	61.2	63.1
2001	159,217,727	5,621,718	1,365,265	4,256,453	35.3	8.6	26.8	4.6	83.3	5.12	61.4	63.6
2002	163,262,807	5,707,878	1,383,913	4,323,965	34.9	8.5	26.4	-1.0	81.5	5.01	61.7	63.7
2003	166,876,680	5,705,869	1,389,323	4,316,546	34.1	8.3	25.8	-3.7	79.8	4.89	61.9	64.0
2004	170,648,620	5,728,041	1,397,637	4,330,404	33.5	8.2	25.3	-2.7	78.4	4.69	61.9	64.4
2005	174,372,098	5,741,665	1,467,794	4,273,871	32.9	8.4	24.5	-2.7	77.9	4.59	61.2	64.0
2006	178,069,984	5,780,328	1,397,071	4,383,257	33.2	7.9	25.3	-3.4	75.7	4.59	62.1	65.7
2007	181,924,521	5,939,254	1,421,100	4,518,154	33.3	7.8	25.4	-3.2	74.5	4.55	61.9	66.1
2008	185,931,955	6,026,112	1,440,035	4,586,077	33.6	7.8	25.8	-2.6	73.1	4.52	61.9	66.5
2009	190,123,222	6,126,953	1,466,094	4,660,859	33.6	7.7	25.9	-2.0	71.8	4.47	62.1	66.5
2010	194,454,498	6,251,649	1,479,575	4,772,074	33.5	7.7	25.8	-1.7	70.5	4.40	62.3	66.9
2011	198,602,738	6,344,791	1,497,860	4,846,931	33.0	7.6	25.5	-3.0	68.8	4.31	62.5	67.1
2012	202,205,861	6,416,601	1,518,663	4,897,938	32.5	7.5	25.0	-6.0	67.1	4.20	62.7	67.2
2013	205,337,562	6,432,644	1,512,911	4,919,733	31.9	7.4	24.5	-8.3	65.5	4.12	63.0	67.6
2014	208,251,628	6,374,716	1,522,217	4,852,499	31.3	7.3	24.0	-9.0	63.8	4.06	63.1	67.7
2015	210,969,298	6,297,466	1,504,820	4,792,646	30.7	7.2	23.5	-9.6	62.1	3.99	63.5	68.2
2016	213,524,840	6,291,208	1,510,500	4,780,708	30.0	7.0	22.9	-10.2	60.4	3.90	63.7	68.3
2017	216,379,655	6,289,965	1,496,276	4,793,689	29.7	6.9	22.8	-8.7	58.8	3.90	64.0	68.8
2018	219,731,479	6,302,081	1,508,129	4,793,952	29.3	6.9	22.5	-6.3	57.1	3.86	64.2	69.0
2019	223,293,280	6,330,933	1,514,600	4,816,333	29.0	6.8	22.2	-5.3	55.5	3.81	64.6	69.1
2020	227,196,741	6,362,705	1,606,293	4,756,412	28.6	7.3	21.3	-3.4	53.9	3.77	63.9	68.8
2021	231,402,117	6,374,741	1,660,400	4,714,341	28.4	7.2	21.2	-1.9	52.3	3.72	63.8	68.6
2022					28.1	6.5	21.6			3.66
2023					27.8	6.5	21.3			3.61
2024					27.4	6.4	21.0			3.55
2025					27.1	6.4	20.6			3.50

File:Life expectancy in Pakistan.svg

Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1921

File:Life expectancy by WBG -Pakistan -diff.png

Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1960 by gender

Human development

Human Development Index

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

Pakistan's Human Development Index (HDI) value for 2018 is in the medium human development category with a score of 0.560 (152nd rank out of 189 countries and territories) compared to 0.614 (135th rank) for Bangladesh and 0.647 (129th rank) for India. From 1990 to 2018, Pakistan's HDI increased 38.6% from 0.404 to 0.560.^[34]^[35]

2018 Information on Pakistani provinces/regions, compared to other countries, estimated at three decimal places is provided below:^[36]

Rank	Region	HDI (2018)^[36]
Medium human development
1	Islamabad Capital Territory	0.875 Decrease
2	Azad Jammu & Kashmir	0.611 Decrease
3	Gilgit-Baltistan	0.593 Increase
4	Punjab	0.567 Increase
–	Script error: No such module "flag". (average)	0.561 Increase
Low human development
5	Sindh	0.533 Decrease
6	Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	0.529 Decrease
7	Balochistan	0.477 Increase
8	FATA	0.466 Decrease

Literacy

Definition: A person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language with understanding and can make simple calculation is treated as literate. Literacy rates for the population over 10 years old as of 2023 are below.^[11]

Total population	Template:Percentage bar
Urban	Template:Percentage bar
Rural	Template:Percentage bar

Educational institutions by kind

Primary schools: 156,592
Middle schools: 46,218
High schools: 23,964
College of Arts and Sciences: 3,213
Degree colleges: 1,202
Technical and vocational institutions: 3,125
Universities: 197^[37]^[38]

Nationality, ethnicity, and language

Ethnic groups

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".Template:Pie chart

The major ethnolinguistic groups of Pakistan include Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, Muhajirs, Balochs, Hindkowans/Hazarewals, Brahuis, Meos, and Kohistanis^[39]Template:Efn with significant numbers of Shina, Baltis, Kashmiris, Paharis, Chitralis, Hazaras, Burusho and other various minorities.^[40]^[41]

Pakistan's census does not include the estimated 2.36 million Afghan citizens,^[42] who have been ordered to leave Pakistan or face deportation.^[43] Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and others.^[44]

Foreign-born population in Pakistan

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, millions of Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan and they are the largest group of foreign-born residents. This group is dwindling because of its age. The second-largest group of foreign-born residents consists of Afghans who have been ordered to leave Pakistan or face deportation.^[43] There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as Burma, Bangladesh, Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, among others.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Year	Population	Foreign born	Percentage foreign born
1960	46,259,000	6,350,296	13.73%
1970	59,565,000	5,105,556	8.57%
1980	79,297,000	5,012,524	6.32%
1990	111,698,000	6,555,782	5.87%
2000	142,648,000	4,242,689	2.97%
2005	157,935,000	3,254,112	2.06%

File:Percentage Foreign Born - Pakistan.jpg

Source:^[45]

Mostly those born before 1947

Languages

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".Template:Pie chart Pakistan is a multilingual country with dozens of regional languages spoken as first languages by various ethnolinguistic groups.^[46]^[47] The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family.^[48]^[49]

Urdu is the national language and the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for communication between different ethnic groups.^[46]^[47] Despite Urdu being the country's lingua franca, estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85,^[50]^[51] and in 2023, the country's three largest ethnolinguistic groups were the Punjabis (making up 36.98% of the total population), the Pashtuns (18.15%), and the Sindhis (14.31%).^[11] Languages with more than a million speakers each include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Hindko, Brahui, Mewati and Kohistani.^[52]^[53]

Ethnologue lists 74 languages in Pakistan. Of these, 66 are indigenous and 8 are non-indigenous. In terms of their vitality, 7 are classified as 'institutional', 17 are 'developing', 37 are 'vigorous', 10 are 'in trouble', and 3 are 'dying'.^[54]

Religion

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Pie chart

File:Largest Non-Muslim Religion in Pakistan.jpg

Largest Enumerated Non-Muslim Religious Community in Pakistan as of the 2023 Census

File:Largest Non-Muslim in Pakistan (1941 Census).jpg

Largest Religious Community other than Muslim in Modern Day Pakistan as of the 1941 Census

According to the World Factbook, Library of Congress, Oxford University, over 96% of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the remaining 4% is Hindu, Christian, and others.^[55]^[56]^[57] Majority of the Muslims practice Sunni with a significant minority of Shi'as.

Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi school, although there are some Hanbalis and Ahl-e-Hadees. The majority of Shia Muslims belong to the Ithnā'Ashariyyah branch,^[55] while a smaller number practice Ismailism. There are small non-Muslim religious groups, including Christians, Ahmadis, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Baháʼís and Zoroastrians (Parsis),^[58]

Religious groups in Pakistan (2023)^[59]^[60]^[61]
Religious group	Pakistan^[59]^[60]^[61]		Punjab		Sindh		Khyber Pakhtunkhwa		Balochistan		ICT		AJK		Gilgit– Baltistan
Religious group	Total Population	Percentage	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Islam File:Star and Crescent.svg	231,686,709	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	124,462,897	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	50,126,428	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	40,486,153	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	14,429,568	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,181,663	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	—	—	—	—
Hinduism File:Om.svg	5,217,216	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	249,716	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	4,901,407	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	6,102	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	59,107	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	884	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	—	—	—	—
Christianity File:Christian cross.svg	3,300,788	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,458,924	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	546,968	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	134,884	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	62,731	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	97,281	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	—	—	—	—
Ahmadiyya File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya 1-2.svg	162,684	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	140,512	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	18,266	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	951	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	557	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,398	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	—	—	—	—
Sikhism File:Khanda.svg	15,998	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,649	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	5,182	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	4,050	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	1,057	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	60	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	—	—	—	—
Zoroastrianism File:Faravahar.svg	2,348	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	358	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	1,763	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	36	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	181	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	10	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	—	—	—	—
Others (inc. Kalashas, Baháʼís, Buddhists, Jews)	72,346	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	15,249	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	38,395	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	8,944	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	8,810	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	948	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	—	—	—	—
Total responses	240,458,089	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	127,333,305	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	55,638,409	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	40,641,120	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	14,562,011	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,283,244	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	—	—	—	—
Total population	241,499,431	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	127,688,922	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	55,696,147	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	40,856,097	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	14,894,402	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	2,363,863	Script error: No such module "Percentage".	—	—	—	—

Recent changes and detailed demographic data

Pakistan Bureau of Statistics released religious data of Pakistan Census 2017 on 19 May 2021.^[62] 96.47% are Muslims, followed by 2.174% Hindus, 1.27% Christians, 0.09% Ahmadis and 0.02% others.

The 2017 census showed marginal increase in the share of Hindus.The census also recorded Pakistan's first Hindu-majority district, called Umerkot District.

On the other hand, Christianity in Pakistan, while increasing in raw numbers, has fallen significantly in percentage terms since the last census. Christians are concentrated in the most developed parts of Pakistan, Lahore District (over 5% Christian), Islamabad Capital Territory (over 4% Christian), and Northern Punjab.

The Ahmadiyya movement shrunk in size (both raw numbers and percentage) between 1998 and 2017, while remaining concentrated in Lalian Tehsil, Chiniot District, where approximately 13% of the population is Ahmadiyya. Template:Multiple image

Pakistanis around the world

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Template:Country data Saudi Arabia	4,000,000
Template:Country data United Arab Emirates	1,600,000
Template:Country data United Kingdom	1,200,000
Template:Country data United States	687,942^[63]
Template:Country data Canada	215,000^[64]
Template:Country data Kuwait	190,000
Template:Country data South Africa	180,000^[65]
Template:Country data Oman	385,000
Template:Country data Australia	61,913^[66]
Template:Country data Germany	179,668
Template:Country data Qatar	52,500
Template:Country data France	50,000
Template:Country data Norway	39,257^[67]
Template:Country data Denmark	21,000
Template:Country data New Zealand	10,000
Template:Country data Ireland	9,501
Template:Country data Japan	22,118^[68]

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

Sources

Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Template:Cite report
Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

External links

Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
infopak.gov.pk – Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
Population Reference Bureau
statpak.gov.pk – Population by mother tongue
US Census: International Data Base (IDB)

Template:Ethnic groups in Pakistan Script error: No such module "Navbox with collapsible groups". Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control

↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AJK
↑ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GB
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 1951-1998Data
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named keyfindings2023
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MICS Punjab 2014
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MICS Punjab 2017-18
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MICS Sindh 2018-19
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MICS KPK 2019
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CIAWF22
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ ^a ^b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[2023Census-1] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[UNWPP2019-2] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[3] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[2017CensusAge-4] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[2017CensusPopulation-5] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[RefugeesUNHCR-6] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[AJK-7] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AJK

[GB-8] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GB

[9] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[1951-1998Data-10] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 1951-1998Data

[keyfindings2023-11] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named keyfindings2023

[2017CensusCities-12] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[UNRegistrationEstimates-13] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[UNDataSourcesWPP2019-14] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[DHS_2006-07-15] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[PSLM_2007-08-16] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[PSLM_2011-12-17] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[DHS_2012-13-18] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[PSLM_2013-14-19] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[DHS_2017-18-20] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[PSLM_2018-19-21] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[PMMS_2019-22] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[PDS_2020-23] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[MICS_Punjab_2011-24] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[MICS_Punjab_2014-25] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MICS Punjab 2014

[MICS_Sindh_2014-26] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[MICS_KPK_2016-17-27] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[MICS_G-B_2016-17-28] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[MICS_Punjab_2017-18-29] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MICS Punjab 2017-18

[MICS_Sindh_2018-19-30] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MICS Sindh 2018-19

[MICS_KPK_2019-31] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MICS KPK 2019

[MICS_Balochistan_2019-20-32] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[MICS_AJK_2020-21-33] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[34] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[35] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Subnational_HDR-36] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[37] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Pakistan_Education_Statistics_2007–08-38] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[CIAWF22-39] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CIAWF22

[40] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[41] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[42] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[auto-43] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[44] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[gum_–_globalization_urbanization_migration-45] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[:0-46] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[:1-47] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[48] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[49] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[50] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[GlottologPK-51] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[2017CensusLanguage-52] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[53] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[54] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Oxford-55] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[CIA-56] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[LoC-57] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[58] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[Religion2023A-59] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Religion2023B-60] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Religion2023C-61] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[pbk2021-62] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[63] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[www12.statcan.gc.ca-64] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[65] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[66] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[67] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[68] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

Demographics of Pakistan: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:43, 31 October 2025

Contents

Population

Estimates from the United Nations

Structure of population

Population distribution

By province

Urbanization

Largest cities

Vital statistics

Demographic and Health Surveys

Regional fertility rates

Estimates from the United Nations

Human development

Human Development Index

Literacy

Educational institutions by kind

Nationality, ethnicity, and language

Ethnic groups

Foreign-born population in Pakistan

Languages

Religion

Recent changes and detailed demographic data

Pakistanis around the world

See also

Notes

References

Sources

External links

Navigation menu

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 | image               = Pakistan Population Pyramid - July 1, 2021.svg
 |image_size           = 300
-| caption             = [[Population pyramid]] of Pakistan as of July 1, 2021
+| caption             = [[Population pyramid]] of Pakistan as of 1 July 2021
 <!-- Population data  -->
 | size_of_population  = 241,499,431{{efn|This figure does not include data for Pakistan-administered areas of Kashmir; [[Azad Kashmir]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], which, according to 2017 Pakistani census, had a population of 4,045,367 and 1,492,924 respectively.<ref name="AJK" /><ref name="GB" />}} ([[2023 Pakistani census|2023 census]])
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 | life_male           = 66.8 years (2022 est.)<ref name="CIAWF22"/>
 | life_female         = 71.6 years (2022 est.)<ref name="CIAWF22"/>
-| fertility           = 3.32 children born / woman (2024 est.)<ref name="CIAWF22"/>
+| fertility           = 3.50 children born / woman (2025 est.)<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=World Population Prospects |url=https://population.un.org/dataportal/data/indicators/19/locations/586/start/2021/end/2025/table/pivotbylocation?df=bbd0ad5a-48b0-43d9-a027-ddd930903ac3 |publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]]}}</ref>
 <!--Age structure-->
 | age_0–14_years      = 37.2% (2020)<ref name="UNWPP2019" />
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 Dramatic social changes have led to urbanization and the emergence of two [[Megacity|megacities]]: [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]]. The country's urban population more than tripled between 1981 and 2017 (from 23.8&nbsp;million to 75.7&nbsp;million), as Pakistan's [[urbanisation rate]] rose from 28.2% to 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of [[Urbanization by country|the lowest in the world]], and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.
-Due to a high [[Total fertility rate|fertility rate]], which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's [[List of countries by median age|youngest populations]]. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more.<ref name="2017CensusAge">{{cite web |title=Table 4 – Population by Single Year Age, Sex and  Rural/Urban |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table04n.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224053856/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table04n.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2021 |date=2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[median age]] of the country was 19,<ref name="2017CensusAge" /> while its [[sex ratio]] was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females.<ref name="2017CensusPopulation">{{cite web |title=Table – 1 Area, Population By Sex, Sex Ratio, Population Density, Urban Proportion, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/National.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927171509/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/National.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2021 |date=19 May 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+Due to a high [[Total fertility rate|fertility rate]], which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's [[List of countries by median age|youngest populations]]. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more.<ref name="2017CensusAge">{{cite web |title=Table 4 – Population by Single Year Age, Sex and Rural/Urban |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table04n.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224053856/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table04n.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2021 |date=2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[median age]] of the country was 19,<ref name="2017CensusAge" /> while its [[sex ratio]] was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females.<ref name="2017CensusPopulation">{{cite web |title=Table – 1 Area, Population By Sex, Sex Ratio, Population Density, Urban Proportion, Household Size and Annual Growth Rate |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/National.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927171509/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/National.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2021 |date=19 May 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 The [[demographic history of Pakistan]] from the ancient [[Indus Valley civilization]] to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of [[Pakistan]] from [[Eurasia]] and the nearby [[Middle East]]. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. Pakistan is also thought to have the world's fourth-largest [[List of countries by refugee population|refugee population]], estimated at 1.4&nbsp;million in mid-2021 by the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR]].<ref name="RefugeesUNHCR">{{cite web |title=Refugee Data Finder |url=https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/ |website=UNHCR – Refugee Statistics |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512205655/https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/ |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 The statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022,<ref name="UNWPP2019" /> and are covered in more detail in [[Demographics of Pakistan#Estimates from the United Nations|the following section]]. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation, with an uncertain future in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-30 |title=Crisis-hit Pakistan strikes $3bn IMF bailout deal |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-66062429 |access-date=2023-08-29}}</ref>
-{{GraphChart
+{{Chart|definition=Pakistan Total Population.chart|data=Pakistan Total Population.tab|Width=550}}
-| width = 550
-| height = 150
-| xAxisTitle = year
-| yAxisTitle = million
-| yAxisMin = 0
-| yGrid = 0, 1
-| xGrid = 10
-| legend =
-| type = line
-| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021
-| y1 = 37.696264,38.215785,38.816777,39.488228,40.22409,41.023128,41.884995,42.808511,43.794993,44.843639,45.954226,47.060915,48.161841,49.32505,50.552592,51.841626,53.199414,54.629793,56.124743,57.676805,59.290872,60.878781,62.509565,64.285624,66.149169,68.126999,70.230923,72.451105,74.78933,77.407341,80.624057,84.270202,87.828198,91.080372,94.003867,97.121552,100.618523,104.251093,107.967838,111.670386,115.414069,119.203569,122.375179,125.546615,129.245139,133.117476,137.23481,141.330267,145.476106,149.694462,154.369924,159.217727,163.262807,166.87668,170.64862,174.372098,178.069984,181.924521,185.931955,190.123222,194.454498,198.602738,202.205861,205.337562,208.251628,210.969298,213.52484,216.379655,219.731479,223.29328,227.196741,231.402117
+{{Chart|definition=Pakistan Population Change.chart|data=Pakistan Population Change.tab|Width=550}}
-| y1Title = Population (million)
+{{Chart|definition=Pakistan Infant Mortality.chart|data=Pakistan Infant Mortality.tab|Width=550}}
-}}
+{{Chart|definition=Pakistan TFR.chart|data=Pakistan TFR.tab|Width=550}}
-{{GraphChart
-| width = 550
-| height = 150
-| xAxisTitle = year
-| yAxisTitle = ‰
-| yAxisMax = 50
-| yAxisMin = -15
-| yGrid = 0,1
-| xGrid = 10
-| hAnnotatonsLine = 0
-| hAnnotatonsLabel =
-| legend =
-| type = line
-| x = 1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021
-| y1 = 43.716,44.12,44.49,44.778,45.004,45.184,45.366,45.515,45.649,45.696,45.749,45.76,45.647,45.503,45.298,45.091,44.831,44.579,44.201,43.724,43.549,43.445,43.342,43.281,43.115,43.017,42.941,43.027,43.117,43.235,43.539,44.156,44.567,44.669,44.469,44.245,44.29,44.207,44.011,43.684,43.147,42.531,41.829,40.756,40.097,39.211,38.516,37.683,37.079,36.475,35.761,35.342,34.868,34.132,33.513,32.867,32.402,32.589,32.361,32.193,32.109,31.872,31.601,31.181,30.462,29.699,29.306,28.963,28.594,28.276,27.967,27.519
-| y2 =  31.127,29.351,28.071,26.917,25.957,24.912,24.075,23.208,22.412,21.63,20.909,20.184,19.486,18.673,17.927,17.286,16.323,15.615,14.96,14.395,13.794,16.162,13.404,13.246,13.205,12.95,12.817,12.735,12.502,12.309,12.109,11.946,11.825,11.608,11.415,11.351,11.257,11.383,11.199,11.013,10.731,10.543,10.489,10.43,10.215,10.194,9.852,9.654,9.353,9.023,8.77,8.583,8.454,8.311,8.177,8.402,7.831,7.798,7.733,7.703,7.599,7.524,7.479,7.333,7.274,7.097,7.036,6.89,6.843,6.765,7.06,7.168
-| y3 = 12.589,14.769,16.419,17.861,19.047,20.272,21.291,22.307,23.237,24.066,24.84,25.576,26.161,26.83,27.371,27.805,28.508,28.964,29.241,29.329,29.755,27.283,29.938,30.035,29.91,30.067,30.124,30.292,30.615,30.926,31.43,32.21,32.742,33.061,33.054,32.894,33.033,32.824,32.812,32.671,32.416,31.988,31.34,30.326,29.882,29.017,28.664,28.029,27.726,27.452,26.991,26.759,26.414,25.821,25.336,24.465,24.571,24.791,24.628,24.49,24.51,24.348,24.122,23.848,23.188,22.602,22.27,22.073,21.751,21.511,20.907,20.351
-| y4 = 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-2.842,-2.728,-2.616,-2.503,-2.393,-2.293,-2.193,-2.091,-1.989,-1.965,-2.244,-2.213,-1.804,-1.051,-0.05,0.672,1.16,1.473,5.829,13.46,11.899,6.305,0.811,-3.73,2.912,1.986,3.14,1.374,0.609,0.262,-0.051,-10.733,-0.002,-2.138,2.228,1.079,1.073,1.024,0.992,6.112,2.164,-5.098,-3.459,-3.071,-3.62,-3.525,-3.092,-2.824,-1.779,-2.218,-4.474,-8.116,-9.24,-9.738,-10.244,-10.669,-7.25,-5.942,-5.258,-2.588,-2.035
-| y1Title = Crude birth rate (per 1000)
-| y2Title = Crude death rate (per 1000)
-| y3Title = Crude rate of natural increase (per 1000)
-| y4Title = Crude rate of migration (per 1000)<!-- Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation <ref>Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation, based the calculation average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year.-->
-| colors = green, red, blue, orange
-}}
-{{GraphChart
-| width = 550
-| height = 150
-| xAxisTitle=years
-| yAxisTitle= ‰
-| yAxisMin=
-| yGrid= 0,1
-| xGrid= 10
-| hAnnotatonsLine=
-| hAnnotatonsLabel=
-| legend=
-| type = line
-| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
-| y1= 263.4,252.9,243.3,234.1,225.6,217.4,209.6,202.2,195.2,188.7,182.6,176.7,171.2,166.0,161.2,157.5,153.2,149.9,147.0,144.5,142.1,145.5,137.9,136.0,134.3,132.5,
-.0,129.6,128.1,126.6,125.1,123.6,122.1,120.5,118.8,117.0,115.2,113.3,111.5,109.6,107.8,105.9,103.9,101.7,99.5,97.2,94.7,92.3,89.9,87.5,85.3,83.3,81.5,79.8,78.4,77.9,75.7,74.5,73.1,71.8,70.5,68.8,67.1,65.5,63.8,62.1,60.4,58.8,57.1,55.5,53.9,52.3
-| y1Title=Infant Mortality (per 1000 live births)
-}}
-{{GraphChart
-| width = 550
-| height = 150
-| xAxisTitle=years
-| yAxisTitle= TFR
-| yAxisMin=
-| yGrid= 0,1
-| xGrid= 10
-| hAnnotatonsLine=
-| hAnnotatonsLabel=
-| legend=
-| type = line
-| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
-| y1= 6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.80,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.81,6.80,6.78,
-.76,6.73,6.70,6.67,6.64,6.62,6.59,6.55,6.52,6.48,6.43,6.36,6.29,6.21,6.11,6.01,5.89,5.77,5.64,5.51,5.39,5.26,5.12,5.01,4.88,4.75,4.64,4.53,4.51,4.43,4.36,4.30,
-.23,4.17,4.11,4.01,3.90,3.83,3.76,3.69,3.62,3.56,3.47
-| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
-}}
 [[File:Population Density by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|{{center|Population Density per square kilometre of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census}}]]
 [[File:Population by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|{{center|Population of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census}}]]
@@ Line 153: / Line 74: @@
 Projections are highlighted in light yellow, and future figures are taken from the medium fertility variant.
 {|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
 |+
-|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
 |-
 ! width="70" |Year
@@ Line 164: / Line 84: @@
 |-
 !1950
   |37,696,264
 |40.5%
 |54.0%
 |5.5%
 |-
 !1955
   |
 |40.3%
 |55.3%
 |4.4%
 |-
 !1960
   |45,954,226
 |40.6%
 |55.6%
 |3.7%
 |-
 !1965
   |51,841,626
 |42.3%
 |54.4%
 |3.4%
 |-
 !1970
   |59,290,872
 |43.7%
 |53.0%
 |3.3%
 |-
 !1975
   |68,126,999
 |43.9%
 |52.8%
 |3.4%
 |-
 !1980
   |80,624,057
 |43.0%
 |53.5%
 |3.4%
 |-
 !1985
   |97,121,552
 |43.0%
 |53.5%
 |3.5%
 |-
 !1990
   |115,414,069
 |43.7%
 |52.8%
 |3.5%
 |-
 !1995
   |133,117,476
 |44.4%
 |52.1%
 |3.5%
 |-
 !2000
   |154,369,924
 |42.9%
 |53.6%
 |3.5%
 |-
 !2005
   |174,372,098
 |41.1%
 |55.4%
 |3.5%
 |-
 !2010
   |194,454,498
 |39.2%
 |57.0%
 |3.7%
 |-
 !2015
   |210,969,298
 |38.4%
 |57.7%
 |3.9%
 |-
 !2020
   |227,196,741
 |37.3%
 |58.6%
 |4.2%
 |- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
 !2025
   |249,948,885
 |35.3%
 |60.2%
 |4.5%
 |- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
 !2030
   |274,029,836
 |33.2%
 |61.9%
 |4.9%
 |- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
 !2035
   |298,432,780
 |31.7%
 |63.1%
 |5.2%
 |- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
 !2040
   |322,595,767
 |29.5%
 |64.8%
 |5.7%
 |- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
 !2045
   |345,818,945
 |28.1%
 |65.8%
 |6.2%
 |- bgcolor="#ffffaf"
 !2050
   |367,808,468
 |26.6%
 |66.5%
 |6.9%
 |}
@@ Line 297: / Line 217: @@
 The statistics below do not contain [[Azad Kashmir]] or [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad.
 {|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
 |+
-|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
 |-
 ! width="110" |Age Group
@@ Line 458: / Line 377: @@
 ===Population distribution===
-Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is its least-populated. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the [[Indus River]] and its tributaries. Most of the country's people live in [[rural area]]s, but two large and growing [[Megacity|megacities]] exist: the coastal [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]] in eastern Punjab. Numerous smaller cities (such as [[Faisalabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Peshawar]], and the capital [[Islamabad]]) dot the rest of the country.
+Pakistan's population is distributed unevenly, with over half of the country's people living in the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province. On the other hand, Balochistan, which is geographically Pakistan's largest province, is the least-populated. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas (which is the reason Punjab has the highest population as it is agriculturally fertile), particularly the [[Indus River]] and its tributaries. Most of the country's people live in [[rural area]]s, but two large and growing [[Megacity|megacities]] exist: the coastal [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]] in eastern Punjab. Numerous smaller cities (such as [[Faisalabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Peshawar]], [[Gujranwala]] and the capital [[Islamabad]]) dot the rest of the country.
 ====By province====
@@ Line 464: / Line 383: @@
 The table below shows Pakistan's provinces and territories by their historical population. While every one of Pakistan's administrative units currently has a growing population, the pace of growth is uneven throughout the country due to differing levels of fertility, mortality, as well as domestic and international migration. Populations pertaining to the modern borders of provinces are shown.
 {|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
 |+
-|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
 |-
 ! width="200" |Province or Territory
@@ Line 561: / Line 479: @@
 ====Urbanization====
-The following table shows how Pakistan has [[urbanised]]. As is true with population growth, urbanisation is an uneven and nonlinear process. With an urbanisation rate of 54% as of 2023, Sindh is the country's most urbanised province. This is largely fuelled by the growth of [[Karachi]], which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the country. On the other hand, the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan both share very low urbanisation rates.
+The following table shows how Pakistan has [[urbanised]]. As is true with population growth, urbanisation is an uneven and nonlinear process. With an urbanisation rate of 54% as of 2023, Sindh is the country's most urbanised province, just after Punjab. This is largely fuelled by the growth of [[Karachi]], which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the province. On the other hand, the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan both share very low urbanisation rates.
 {|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
 |+
-|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
 |-
 ! width="200" |Province or Territory
@@ Line 672: / Line 589: @@
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Karachi]]
   | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Sindh}}
 |18,868,021
 |{{Increase}}4.05%
@@ Line 678: / Line 595: @@
   |{{Increase}} 2.48%
 |9,339,023
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Lahore]]
   | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |13,004,135
 |{{Increase}}2.65%
@@ Line 688: / Line 604: @@
   |{{Increase}} 4.06%
 |5,209,088
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Faisalabad]]
   | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |3,691,999
 |{{Increase}}2.37%
@@ Line 698: / Line 613: @@
   |{{Increase}} 2.49%
 |2,008,861
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Rawalpindi]]
   | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |3,357,612
 |{{Increase}}8.18%
@@ Line 708: / Line 622: @@
   |{{Increase}} 2.11%
 |1,409,768
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Gujranwala]]
   | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}}
 |2,668,047
 |{{Increase}}3.55%
@@ Line 718: / Line 631: @@
   |{{Increase}} 3.11%
 |1,132,509
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Multan]]
@@ Line 727: / Line 639: @@
   |{{Increase}} 2.38%
 |1,197,384
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]]
@@ Line 736: / Line 647: @@
   |{{Increase}} 2.10%
 |1,166,894
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Peshawar]]
@@ Line 745: / Line 655: @@
   |{{Increase}} 3.72%
 |982,816
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Quetta]]
@@ Line 754: / Line 663: @@
   |{{Increase}} 3.04%
 |565,137
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Islamabad]]
@@ Line 763: / Line 671: @@
   |{{Increase}} 3.45%
 |529,180
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Sargodha]]
@@ Line 772: / Line 679: @@
   |{{Increase}} 1.92%
 |458,440
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Sialkot]]
@@ Line 781: / Line 687: @@
   |{{Increase}} 2.36%
 |421,502
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Bahawalpur]]
@@ Line 790: / Line 695: @@
   |{{Increase}} 3.34%
 |408,395
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Jhang]]
@@ Line 799: / Line 703: @@
   |{{Increase}} 1.83%
 |293,366
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Sheikhupura]]
@@ Line 808: / Line 711: @@
   |{{Increase}} 2.79%
 |280,263
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]]
@@ Line 817: / Line 719: @@
   |{{Increase}} 2.34%
 |251,792
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Sukkur]]
@@ Line 826: / Line 727: @@
   |{{Increase}} 2.12%
 |335,551
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Larkana]]
@@ Line 835: / Line 735: @@
   |{{Increase}} 3.15%
 |270,283
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;"|[[Sahiwal]]
@@ Line 860: / Line 759: @@
   |{{Increase}} 3.14%
 |233,537
 |-
   | style="text-align:left;" |[[Kasur]]
@@ Line 879: / Line 777: @@
 Surveys taken by the Pakistani government or intergovernmental organisations are seen as the most reliable method of keeping tabs on birth, death, fertility, and infant mortality rates in a country without a reliable vital registration system. The data recorded in these surveys is used by the United Nations in order to estimate historical and future fertility and mortality figures for Pakistan in the World Population Prospects.<ref name="UNDataSourcesWPP2019">{{cite web |title=Data Sources |url=https://population.un.org/wpp/DataSources/586 |website=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations |publisher=United Nations |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508160234/https://population.un.org/wpp/DataSources/586 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |date=June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 {|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
 |+
 |-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
@@ Line 905: / Line 803: @@
    |—
 |-
-! style=text-align:left |{{abbr|PSLM|Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey}} 2007–08<ref name="PSLM 2007-08">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/social_statistics/publications/pslm2007_08/report_pslm07_08.pdf  |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204095930/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2013_14/A%20report%2013-14(%2012-05-15)_FInal_1.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2022 |date=2008–2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+! style=text-align:left |{{abbr|PSLM|Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey}} 2007–08<ref name="PSLM 2007-08">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/social_statistics/publications/pslm2007_08/report_pslm07_08.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204095930/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2013_14/A%20report%2013-14(%2012-05-15)_FInal_1.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2022 |date=2008–2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
   |—
   |—
@@ Line 955: / Line 853: @@
    |—
 |-
-! style=text-align:left |PSLM 2018–19<ref name="PSLM 2018-19">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2018–19 National /Provincial (Social Report) |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2018-19/pslm_report_2018-19_national_provincial.pdf  |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410154323/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2018-19/pslm_report_2018-19_national_provincial.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2022 |date=June 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+! style=text-align:left |PSLM 2018–19<ref name="PSLM 2018-19">{{cite web |title=Pakistan Social & Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM) 2018–19 National /Provincial (Social Report) |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2018-19/pslm_report_2018-19_national_provincial.pdf |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410154323/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//pslm/publications/pslm2018-19/pslm_report_2018-19_national_provincial.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2022 |date=June 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
   |—
   |—
@@ Line 990: / Line 888: @@
 Many of the surveys above also recorded [[Total fertility rate|fertility rate]] data broken down by each of Pakistan's administrative units, while many more surveys have been taken explicitly focusing on a specific province or territory. The fertility rate data recorded in these surveys is displayed in the table below.
 {|class="wikitable" style=text-align:right
 |+
 |-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
@@ Line 1,137: / Line 1,035: @@
 {{Static row numbers}}
 {|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers" style=text-align:right
 |+
 |-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
@@ Line 1,384: / Line 1,282: @@
 {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
-|-class=static-row-header style=vertical-align:bottom
 |-
 !Year
@@ Line 1,400: / Line 1,297: @@
 !Life expectancy (Female)
 |-
 !1950
 |37,696,264
 |1,647,739
 |1,173,219
 |474,520
 |43.7
 |31.1
 |12.6
 |
 |263.4
 |6.80
 |36.2
 |33.4
 |-
 !1951
 |38,215,785
 |1,686,378
 |1,121,858
 |564,520
 |44.1
 |29.4
 |14.8
 | -1.0
 |252.9
 |6.80
 |37.5
 |34.6
 |-
 !1952
 |38,816,777
 |1,727,288
 |1,089,817
 |637,471
 |44.5
 |28.1
 |16.4
 | -0.7
 |243.3
 |6.80
 |38.6
 |35.8
 |-
 !1953
 |39,488,228
 |1,768,524
 |1,063,098
 |705,426
 |44.8
 |26.9
 |17.9
 | -0.6
 |234.1
 |6.80
 |39.8
 |36.9
 |-
 !1954
 |40,224,090
 |1,810,574
 |1,044,277
 |766,297
 |45.0
 |26.0
 |19.0
 | -0.4
 |225.6
 |6.80
 |40.7
 |37.9
 |-
 !1955
 |41,023,128
 |1,853,944
 |1,022,153
 |831,791
 |45.2
 |24.9
 |20.3
 | -0.4
 |217.4
 |6.80
 |41.8
 |39.0
 |-
 !1956
 |41,884,995
 |1,900,510
 |1,008,574
 |891,936
 |45.4
 |24.1
 |21.3
 | -0.3
 |209.6
 |6.80
 |42.7
 |39.8
 |-
 !1957
 |42,808,511
 |1,948,801
 |993,703
 |955,098
 |45.5
 |23.2
 |22.3
 | -0.3
 |202.2
 |6.80
 |43.7
 |40.7
 |-
 !1958
 |43,794,993
 |1,999,584
 |981,704
 |1,017,880
 |45.6
 |22.4
 |23.2
 | -0.2
 |195.2
 |6.80
 |44.6
 |41.6
 |-
 !1959
 |44,843,639
 |2,049,555
 |970,149
 |1,079,406
 |45.7
 |21.6
 |24.1
 | -0.2
 |188.7
 |6.80
 |45.5
 |42.5
 |-
 !1960
 |45,954,226
 |2,102,786
 |961,020
 |1,141,766
 |45.7
 |20.9
 |24.8
 | 0
 |182.6
 |6.80
 |46.3
 |43.4
 |-
 !1961
 |47,060,915
 |2,157,005
 |951,411
 |1,205,594
 |style="color:blue;"|45.8
 |20.2
 |25.6
 | -1.5
 |176.7
 |6.80
 |47.2
 |44.2
 |-
 !1962
 |48,161,841
 |2,201,790
 |939,942
 |1,261,848
 |45.6
 |19.5
 |26.2
 | -2.8
 |171.2
 |6.80
 |48.0
 |45.0
 |-
 !1963
 |49,325,050
 |2,247,761
 |922,383
 |1,325,378
 |45.5
 |18.7
 |26.8
 | -2.6
 |166.0
 |6.80
 |48.8
 |46.3
 |-
 !1964
 |50,552,592
 |2,293,167
 |907,551
 |1,385,616
 |45.3
 |17.9
 |27.4
 | -2.5
 |161.2
 |6.80
 |49.7
 |47.4
 |-
 !1965
 |51,841,626
 |2,340,733
 |897,333
 |1,443,400
 |45.1
 |17.3
 |27.8
 | -2.3
 |157.5
 |6.80
 |50.3
 |48.5
 |-
 !1966
 |53,199,414
 |2,388,085
 |869,523
 |1,518,562
 |44.8
 |16.3
 |28.5
 | -2.3
 |153.2
 |6.80
 |51.6
 |50.0
 |-
 !1967
 |54,629,793
 |2,438,389
 |854,112
 |1,584,277
 |44.6
 |15.6
 |29.0
 | -2.1
 |149.9
 |6.80
 |52.6
 |51.2
 |-
 !1968
 |56,124,743
 |2,483,692
 |840,624
 |1,643,068
 |44.2
 |15.0
 |29.2
 | -1.8
 |147.0
 |6.80
 |53.5
 |52.3
 |-
 !1969
 |57,676,805
 |2,524,648
 |831,202
 |1,693,446
 |43.7
 |14.4
 |29.3
 | -1.6
 |144.5
 |6.80
 |54.2
 |53.3
 |-
 !1970
 |59,290,872
 |2,584,996
 |style="color:blue;"|818,806
 |1,766,190
 |43.5
 |13.8
 |29.8
 | -1.8
 |142.1
 |6.80
 |55.0
 |54.6
 |-
 !1971
 |60,878,781
 |2,648,206
 |985,142
 |1,663,064
 |43.4
 |16.2
 |27.3
 | -0.5
 |145.5
 |6.80
 |49.0
 |52.2
 |-
 !1972
 |62,509,565
 |2,712,779
 |838,978
 |1,873,801
 |43.3
 |13.4
 |29.9
 | -3.1
 |137.9
 |style="color:blue;"|6.81
 |55.4
 |55.1
 |-
 !1973
 |64,285,624
 |2,785,335
 |852,459
 |1,932,876
 |43.3
 |13.2
 |30.0
 | -1.6
 |136.0
 |6.81
 |55.5
 |55.5
 |-
 !1974
 |66,149,169
 |2,853,960
 |874,080
 |1,979,880
 |43.1
 |13.2
 |29.9
 | -0.9
 |134.3
 |6.81
 |55.4
 |55.6
 |-
 !1975
 |68,126,999
 |2,931,237
 |882,423
 |2,048,814
 |43.0
 |13.0
 |30.1
 | -0.2
 |132.5
 |6.81
 |55.8
 |56.2
 |-
 !1976
 |70,230,923
 |3,015,342
 |900,018
 |2,115,324
 |42.9
 |12.8
 |30.1
 | 0.8
 |131.0
 |6.81
 |55.9
 |56.5
 |-
 !1977
 |72,451,105
 |3,116,181
 |922,294
 |2,193,887
 |43.0
 |12.7
 |30.3
 | 1.3
 |129.6
 |6.80
 |55.8
 |56.9
 |-
 !1978
 |74,789,330
 |3,223,019
 |934,553
 |2,288,466
 |43.1
 |12.5
 |30.6
 | 1.7
 |128.1
 |6.78
 |56.3
 |57.4
 |-
 !1979
 |77,407,341
 |3,337,688
 |950,235
 |2,387,453
 |43.2
 |12.3
 |30.9
 | 4.1
 |126.6
 |6.76
 |56.5
 |58.1
 |-
 !1980
 |80,624,057
 |3,487,787
 |970,044
 |2,517,743
 |43.5
 |12.1
 |31.4
 | 10.2
 |125.1
 |6.73
 |56.8
 |58.6
 |-
 !1981
 |84,270,202
 |3,700,274
 |1,001,060
 |2,699,214
 |44.2
 |11.9
 |32.2
 | 13.0
 |123.6
 |6.70
 |57.1
 |59.3
 |-
 !1982
 |87,828,198
 |3,903,191
 |1,035,663
 |2,867,528
 |44.6
 |11.8
 |32.7
 | 9.5
 |122.1
 |6.67
 |57.4
 |59.8
 |-
 !1983
 |91,080,372
 |4,067,866
 |1,057,064
 |3,010,802
 |44.7
 |11.6
 |style="color:blue;"|33.1
 | 3.9
 |120.5
 |6.64
 |57.7
 |60.5
 |-
 !1984
 |94,003,867
 |4,188,905
 |1,075,240
 |3,113,665
 |44.5
 |11.4
 |33.1
 | -1.0
 |118.8
 |6.62
 |58.0
 |61.0
 |-
 !1985
 |97,121,552
 |4,291,612
 |1,100,992
 |3,190,620
 |44.2
 |11.4
 |32.9
 | 0.3
 |117.0
 |6.59
 |58.5
 |60.4
 |-
 !1986
 |100,618,523
 |4,453,073
 |1,131,849
 |3,321,224
 |44.3
 |11.3
 |33.0
 | 3.0
 |115.2
 |6.55
 |58.8
 |60.3
 |-
 !1987
 |104,251,093
 |4,602,418
 |1,185,062
 |3,417,356
 |44.2
 |11.4
 |32.8
 | 3.3
 |113.3
 |6.52
 |58.5
 |59.8
 |-
 !1988
 |107,967,838
 |4,749,506
 |1,208,574
 |3,540,932
 |44.0
 |11.2
 |32.8
 | 2.9
 |111.5
 |6.48
 |58.5
 |60.4
 |-
 !1989
 |111,670,386
 |4,877,528
 |1,229,672
 |3,647,856
 |43.7
 |11.0
 |32.7
 | 1.6
 |109.6
 |6.43
 |58.7
 |60.7
 |-
 !1990
 |115,414,069
 |4,979,805
 |1,238,482
 |3,741,323
 |43.1
 |10.7
 |32.4
 | 1.1
 |107.8
 |6.36
 |59.0
 |61.4
 |-
 !1991
 |119,203,569
 |5,070,548
 |1,256,930
 |3,813,618
 |42.5
 |10.5
 |32.0
 | 0.8
 |105.9
 |6.29
 |59.4
 |61.3
 |-
 !1992
 |122,375,179
 |5,146,942
 |1,290,628
 |3,856,314
 |41.8
 |10.5
 |31.3
 | -4.7
 |103.9
 |6.21
 |59.6
 |60.7
 |-
 !1993
 |125,546,615
 |5,116,844
 |1,309,418
 |3,807,426
 |40.8
 |10.4
 |30.3
 | -4.4
 |101.7
 |6.11
 |59.6
 |60.4
 |-
 !1994
 |129,245,139
 |5,188,381
 |1,321,834
 |3,866,547
 |40.1
 |10.2
 |29.9
 | -0.4
 |99.5
 |6.01
 |59.7
 |60.6
 |-
 !1995
 |133,117,476
 |5,214,150
 |1,355,586
 |3,858,564
 |39.2
 |10.2
 |29.0
 | 1.0
 |97.2
 |5.89
 |59.5
 |60.4
 |-
 !1996
 |137,234,810
 |5,283,367
 |1,351,457
 |3,931,910
 |38.5
 |9.9
 |28.7
 | 2.2
 |94.7
 |5.77
 |59.9
 |61.1
 |-
 !1997
 |141,330,267
 |5,323,160
 |1,363,688
 |3,959,472
 |37.7
 |9.7
 |28.0
 | 1.8
 |92.3
 |5.64
 |59.9
 |61.5
 |-
 !1998
 |145,476,106
 |5,391,873
 |1,360,060
 |4,031,813
 |37.1
 |9.4
 |27.7
 | 1.6
 |89.9
 |5.51
 |60.2
 |62.1
 |-
 !1999
 |149,694,462
 |5,457,820
 |1,350,165
 |4,107,655
 |36.5
 |9.0
 |27.5
 | 1.5
 |87.5
 |5.39
 |60.8
 |62.8
 |-
 !2000
 |154,369,924
 |5,503,880
 |1,349,760
 |4,154,120
 |35.8
 |8.8
 |27.0
 | 4.2
 |85.3
 |5.26
 |61.2
 |63.1
 |-
 !2001
 |159,217,727
 |5,621,718
 |1,365,265
 |4,256,453
 |35.3
 |8.6
 |26.8
 | 4.6
 |83.3
 |5.12
 |61.4
 |63.6
 |-
 !2002
 |163,262,807
 |5,707,878
 |1,383,913
 |4,323,965
 |34.9
 |8.5
 |26.4
 | -1.0
 |81.5
 |5.01
 |61.7
 |63.7
 |-
 !2003
 |166,876,680
 |5,705,869
 |1,389,323
 |4,316,546
 |34.1
 |8.3
 |25.8
 | -3.7
 |79.8
-|4.88
+|4.89
 |61.9
 |64.0
 |-
 !2004
 |170,648,620
 |5,728,041
 |1,397,637
 |4,330,404
 |33.5
 |8.2
 |25.3
 | -2.7
 |78.4
-|4.75
+|4.69
 |61.9
 |64.4
 |-
 !2005
 |174,372,098
 |5,741,665
 |1,467,794
 |4,273,871
 |32.9
 |8.4
 |24.5
 | -2.7
 |77.9
-|4.64
+|4.59
 |61.2
 |64.0
 |-
 !2006
 |178,069,984
 |5,780,328
 |1,397,071
 |4,383,257
-|32.4
+|33.2
-|7.8
+|7.9
-|24.6
+|25.3
 | -3.4
 |75.7
-|4.53
+|4.59
 |62.1
 |65.7
 |-
 !2007
 |181,924,521
 |5,939,254
 |1,421,100
 |4,518,154
-|32.6
+|33.3
 |7.8
-|24.8
+|25.4
 | -3.2
 |74.5
-|4.51
+|4.55
 |61.9
 |66.1
 |-
 !2008
 |185,931,955
 |6,026,112
 |1,440,035
 |4,586,077
-|32.4
+|33.6
-|7.7
+|7.8
-|24.6
+|25.8
 | -2.6
 |73.1
-|4.43
+|4.52
 |61.9
 |66.5
 |-
 !2009
 |190,123,222
 |6,126,953
 |1,466,094
 |4,660,859
-|32.2
+|33.6
 |7.7
-|24.5
+|25.9
 | -2.0
 |71.8
-|4.36
+|4.47
 |62.1
 |66.5
 |-
 !2010
 |194,454,498
 |6,251,649
 |1,479,575
 |4,772,074
-|32.1
+|33.5
-|7.6
+|7.7
-|24.5
+|25.8
 | -1.7
 |70.5
-|4.30
+|4.40
 |62.3
 |66.9
 |-
 !2011
 |198,602,738
 |6,344,791
 |1,497,860
 |4,846,931
-|31.9
+|33.0
-|7.5
+|7.6
-|24.3
+|25.5
 | -3.0
 |68.8
-|4.23
+|4.31
 |62.5
 |67.1
 |-
 !2012
 |202,205,861
 |6,416,601
 |1,518,663
 |4,897,938
-|31.6
+|32.5
 |7.5
-|24.1
+|25.0
 | -6.0
 |67.1
-|4.17
+|4.20
 |62.7
 |67.2
 |-
 !2013
 |205,337,562
 |style="color:blue;"|6,432,644
 |1,512,911
 |style="color:blue;"|4,919,733
-|31.2
+|31.9
-|7.3
+|7.4
-|23.8
+|24.5
 | -8.3
 |65.5
-|4.11
+|4.12
 |63.0
 |67.6
 |-
 !2014
 |208,251,628
 |6,374,716
 |1,522,217
 |4,852,499
-|30.5
+|31.3
 |7.3
-|23.2
+|24.0
 | -9.0
 |63.8
-|4.01
+|4.06
 |63.1
 |67.7
 |-
 !2015
 |210,969,298
 |6,297,466
 |1,504,820
 |4,792,646
-|29.7
+|30.7
-|7.1
+|7.2
-|22.6
+|23.5
 | -9.6
 |62.1
-|3.90
+|3.99
 |63.5
 |68.2
 |-
 !2016
 |213,524,840
 |6,291,208
 |1,510,500
 |4,780,708
-|29.3
+|30.0
 |7.0
-|22.3
+|22.9
 | -10.2
 |60.4
-|3.83
+|3.90
 |63.7
 |68.3
 |-
 !2017
 |216,379,655
 |6,289,965
 |1,496,276
 |4,793,689
-|29.0
+|29.7
 |6.9
-|22.1
+|22.8
 | -8.7
 |58.8
-|3.76
+|3.90
 |64.0
 |68.8
 |-
 !2018
 |219,731,479
 |6,302,081
 |1,508,129
 |4,793,952
-|28.6
+|29.3
-|style="color:blue;"|6.8
+|6.9
-|21.8
+|22.5
 | -6.3
 |57.1
-|3.69
+|3.86
 |64.2
 |69.0
 |-
 !2019
 |223,293,280
 |6,330,933
 |1,514,600
 |4,816,333
-|28.3
+|29.0
 |6.8
-|21.5
+|22.2
 | -5.3
 |55.5
-|3.62
+|3.81
 |64.6
 |69.1
 |-
 !2020
 |227,196,741
 |6,362,705
 |1,606,293
 |4,756,412
-|28.0
+|28.6
-|7.1
+|7.3
-|20.9
+|21.3
 | -3.4
 |53.9
-|3.56
+|3.77
 |63.9
 |68.8
 |-
 !2021
 |231,402,117
 |6,374,741
 |style="color:red;"|1,660,400
 |4,714,341
-|style="color:red;"|27.5
+|28.4
 |7.2
-|20.4
+|21.2
 | -1.9
 |52.3
-|style="color:red;"|3.47
+|3.72
 |63.8
 |68.6
-|}
+|-
+!2022
-[[File:Life expectancy in Pakistan.svg|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1921]]
+|
-[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Pakistan -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1960 by gender]]
+|
+|
-==Human development==
+|
+|28.1
-===Human Development Index===
+|6.5
+|21.6
+|
+|
+|3.66
+|
+|
+|-
+!2023
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|27.8
+|6.5
+|21.3
+|
+|
+|3.61
+|
+|
+|-
+!2024
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|27.4
+|6.4
+|21.0
+|
+|
+|3.55
+|
+|
+|-
+!2025
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|27.1
+|6.4
+|20.6
+|
+|
+|3.50
+|
+|
+|}
+[[File:Life expectancy in Pakistan.svg|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1921]]
+[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Pakistan -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Pakistan since 1960 by gender]]
+==Human development==
+===Human Development Index===
 {{Further|List of administrative units of Pakistan by Human Development Index}}
@@ Line 2,480: / Line 2,433: @@
 ===Educational institutions by kind===
 * Primary schools: 156,592
-* [[Middle school]]s: 320,611
+* [[Middle school]]s: 46,218
 * High schools: 23,964
 * [[College of Arts and Sciences]]: 3,213
@@ Line 2,491: / Line 2,444: @@
 ===Ethnic groups===
 {{Main|Ethnic groups in Pakistan}}{{Pie chart
-|thumb = right
+| thumb = right
-|caption = Ethnic groups in Pakistan ([[World Factbook]])<ref name="CIAWF22" />
+| caption = Ethnic groups in Pakistan ([[World Factbook]])<ref name="CIAWF22" />
-|label1 = [[Punjabis]]
+| label1 = [[Punjabis]]
-|value1 = 44.7
+| value1 = 44.7
-|color1 = Green
+| color1 = #1B431F
-|label2 = [[Pashtuns]]
+| label2 = [[Pashtuns]]
-|value2 = 15.4
+| value2 = 15.4
-|color2 = Red
+| color2 = #a90403
-|label3 = [[Sindhis]]
+| label3 = [[Sindhis]]
-|value3 = 14.1
+| value3 = 14.1
-|color3 = Black
+| color3 = #000000
-|label4 = [[Saraikis]]
+| label4 = [[Saraikis]]
-|value4 = 8.4
+| value4 = 8.4
-|color4 = Maroon
+| color4 = #F8C400
-|label5 = [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muhajirs]]
+| label5 = [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muhajirs]]
-|value5 = 7.6
+| value5 = 7.6
-|color5 = DarkGreen
+| color5 = #0C8B44
-|label6 = [[Baloch people|Baloch]]
+| label6 = [[Baloch people|Baloch]]
-|value6 = 3.6
+| value6 = 3.6
-|color6 = White
+| color6 = #38BAEE
-|label7 = Others
+| label7 = Others
-|value7 = 6.3
+| value7 = 6.3
-|color7 = Grey
+| color7 = Grey
 }}
-The major [[ethnolinguistic group]]s of [[Pakistan]] include [[Punjabis]], [[Pashtuns]], [[Sindhis]], [[Saraiki people|Saraikis]], [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muhajirs]], [[Baloch people|Balochs]], [[Hindkowans]]/[[Hazarewal|Hazarewals]], [[Brahuis]], [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meos]], and [[Indus Kohistani people|Kohistanis]]<ref name="CIAWF22" />{{efn|Ethnolinguistic groups with a population of more than a million each.<ref name="2023Language">{{cite web |title=Population by Mother Tongue, Sex and Rural/Urban, Census–2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_11.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220005033/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_11.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2024|website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]]}}</ref>}} with significant numbers of [[Shina people|Shina]], [[Balti people|Baltis]], [[Kashmiris]], [[Pahari people (Kashmir)|Paharis]], [[Chitralis]], [[Torwali people|Torwalis]], [[Hazaras]], [[Burusho people|Burusho]], [[Wakhi people|Wakhis]], [[Kalash people|Kalash]], [[Siddi|Siddis]] and other various minorities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qadeer |first=Mohammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ll02P7G5XD8C&pg=PA40 |title=Pakistan - Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation |date=2006-11-22 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-18617-4 |pages=70 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Shaheen Sardar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60VAsoo-huYC&q=pakistan+ethnic+groups |title=Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities of Pakistan: Constitutional and Legal Perspectives |last2=Rehman |first2=Javaid |date=2013-02-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77868-1 |language=en}}</ref>
+The major [[ethnolinguistic group]]s of [[Pakistan]] include [[Punjabis]], [[Pashtuns]], [[Sindhis]], [[Saraiki people|Saraikis]], [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muhajirs]], [[Baloch people|Balochs]], [[Hindkowans]]/[[Hazarewal|Hazarewals]], [[Brahuis]], [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meos]], and [[Indus Kohistani people|Kohistanis]]<ref name="CIAWF22" />{{efn|Ethnolinguistic groups with a population of more than a million each.<ref name="2023Language">{{cite web |title=Population by Mother Tongue, Sex and Rural/Urban, Census–2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_11.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241220005033/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_11.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2024|website=pbs.gov.pk |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau Statistics]]}}</ref>}} with significant numbers of [[Shina people|Shina]], [[Balti people|Baltis]], [[Kashmiris]], [[Pahari people (Kashmir)|Paharis]], [[Chitralis]], [[Hazaras]], [[Burusho people|Burusho]] and other various minorities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qadeer |first=Mohammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ll02P7G5XD8C&pg=PA40 |title=Pakistan - Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation |date=2006-11-22 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-18617-4 |pages=70 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Shaheen Sardar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60VAsoo-huYC&q=pakistan+ethnic+groups |title=Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities of Pakistan: Constitutional and Legal Perspectives |last2=Rehman |first2=Javaid |date=2013-02-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77868-1 |language=en}}</ref>
-Pakistan's census does not include the 1.4&nbsp;million [[Afghan identity card|citizens of Afghanistan]] who are temporarily residing in [[Afghans in Pakistan|Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Registered Afghan Refugees in Pakistan |publisher=UNHCR|date=December 31, 2020|url=https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/pak|access-date=2021-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Onward Movements of Afghan Refugees|date=March–April 2021 |url=https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Statistical%20Factsheet%20Onward%20movements%20of%20Afghan%20refugees%20March-April%202021.pdf|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=2021-08-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/pk/12999-government-to-deliver-first-new-por-smartcards-to-afghan-refugees.html |title=Government delivered first new Proof of Registration smartcards to Afghan refugees |date=May 25, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-30}}</ref> Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically [[Pashtuns]], [[Tajiks]], [[Uzbeks]] and others.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 2016 |title=Voluntary Repatriation Update |publisher=UNHCR |location=Pakistan |url=http://unhcrpk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/VolRep_Summary_20161101_v1.pdf |access-date=2017-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220173655/http://unhcrpk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/VolRep_Summary_20161101_v1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+Pakistan's census does not include the estimated 2.36 million [[Afghans in Pakistan|Afghan citizens]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan situation |url=https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/afghanistan |website=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |access-date=2025-10-22}}</ref> who have been ordered to leave Pakistan or face deportation.<ref name="auto" /> Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically [[Pashtuns]], [[Tajiks]], [[Uzbeks]] and others.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 2016 |title=Voluntary Repatriation Update |publisher=UNHCR |location=Pakistan |url=http://unhcrpk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/VolRep_Summary_20161101_v1.pdf |access-date=2017-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220173655/http://unhcrpk.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/VolRep_Summary_20161101_v1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 ===Foreign-born population in Pakistan===
 {{Main|Immigration to Pakistan}}
-After the [[Partition of India|independence]] of [[Pakistan]] in 1947, millions of Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan and they are the largest group of foreign-born residents. This group is dwindling because of its age. The second-largest group of foreign-born residents consists of [[refugees]] from Afghanistan who are expected to leave Pakistan sometime before 2030.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url= https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2025/3/31/this-is-our-home-d-day-arrives-for-afghans-facing-pakistan-deportation |title=This is our Home. D-Day arrives for Afghans facing Pakistan deportation.|date=31 March 2025 |access-date=2025-04-03}}</ref> There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as [[Burma]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Iraq]], [[Somalia]], [[Iran]], [[Tajikistan]], and [[Uzbekistan]], among others.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}
+After the [[Partition of India|independence]] of [[Pakistan]] in 1947, millions of Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan and they are the largest group of foreign-born residents. This group is dwindling because of its age. The second-largest group of foreign-born residents consists of [[demographics of Afghanistan|Afghans]] who have been ordered to leave Pakistan or face deportation.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url= https://www.dawn.com/news/1950476/deportation-of-illegal-afghans-enters-final-phase |title=Deportation of illegal Afghans from Lahore enters ‘final phase’ |last=Chaudhry |first=Asif |website=Dawn News |location=Pakistan |date=22 October 2025 |access-date=2025-10-22}}</ref> There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as [[Burma]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Iraq]], [[Somalia]], [[Iran]], [[Tajikistan]], and [[Uzbekistan]], among others.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}
 {|
@@ Line 2,549: / Line 2,502: @@
 ===Languages===
-{{Main|Languages of Pakistan}}{{Pie chart|thumb=left|caption=Languages of Pakistan (2023 census)<ref name="2023Language" />|label1=[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|value1=36.98|color1=Red|label2=[[Pashto]]|value2=18.15|color2=Yellow|label3=[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]|value3=14.31|color3=Purple|label4=[[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]|value4=12.00|color4=Orange|label5=[[Urdu]]|value5=9.25|color5=Green|label6=[[Balochi language|Balochi]]|value6=3.38|color6=Blue|label7=[[Hindko]]|value7=2.32|color7=Lime|label8=[[Brahui language|Brahui]]|value8=1.16|color8=Violet|label9=[[Mewati language|Mewati]]|value9=0.46|color9=Black|value10=0.43|label10=[[Kohistani language|Kohistani]]|value11=0.11|value12=0.05|label11=[[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]|label12=[[Shina language|Shina]]|value13=0.02|label13=[[Balti language|Balti]]|value14=0.003|label14=[[Kalasha language|Kalasha]]|value15=1.38|label15=Others|color10=Brown|color11=Aqua|color12=Pink|color14=White|color15=Grey}}[[Pakistan]] is a [[List of multilingual countries and regions|multilingual country]] with dozens of regional languages spoken as [[first language]]s by various ethnolinguistic groups.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ashraf |first=Hina |date=2022-03-22 |title=The ambivalent role of Urdu and English in multilingual Pakistan: a Bourdieusian study |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-022-09623-6 |journal=Language Policy |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=25–48 |doi=10.1007/s10993-022-09623-6 |issn=1573-1863 |pmc=8939399 |pmid=35340722}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Ashraf |first1=Muhammad Azeem |last2=Turner |first2=David A. |last3=Laar |first3=Rizwan Ahmed |date=January 2021 |title=Multilingual Language Practices in Education in Pakistan: The Conflict Between Policy and Practice |journal=SAGE Open |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=215824402110041 |doi=10.1177/21582440211004140 |s2cid=232484396 |issn=2158-2440|doi-access=free }}</ref> The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] group of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rengel |first=Marian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJMlW-zDE14C&pg=PA38 |title=Pakistan: A Primary Source Cultural Guide |date=2003-12-15 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-4001-1 |pages=38}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kachru |first1=Braj B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2n4sFGDEMYC&pg=PA34 |title=Language in South Asia |last2=Kachru |first2=Yamuna |last3=Sridhar |first3=S. N. |date=2008-03-27 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-46550-2 |pages=34}}</ref>
+{{Main|Languages of Pakistan}}{{Pie chart
+| thumb = left
+| caption = Languages of Pakistan (2023 census)<ref name="2023Language" />
+| label1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
+| value1 = 36.98
+| color1 = Yellow
+| label2 = [[Pashto]]
+| value2 = 18.15
+| color2 = Red
+| label3 = [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
+| value3 = 14.31
+| color3 = Purple
+| label4 = [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]
+| value4 = 12.00
+| color4 = Orange
+| label5 = [[Urdu]]
+| value5 = 9.25
+| color5 = Green
+| label6 = [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
+| value6 = 3.38
+| color6 = Blue
+| label7 = [[Hindko]]
+| value7 = 2.32
+| color7 = Lime
+| label8 = [[Brahui language|Brahui]]
+| value8 = 1.16
+| color8 = Violet
+| label9 = [[Mewati language|Mewati]]
+| value9 = 0.46
+| color9 = Black
+| value10 = 0.43
+| label10 = [[Kohistani language|Kohistani]]
+| value11 = 0.11
+| value12 = 0.05
+| label11 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
+| label12 = [[Shina language|Shina]]
+| value13 = 0.02
+| label13 = [[Balti language|Balti]]
+| value14 = 0.003
+| label14 = [[Kalasha language|Kalasha]]
+| value15 = 1.38
+| label15 = Others
+| color10 = Brown
+| color11 = Aqua
+| color12 = Pink
+| color14 = White
+| color15 = Grey
+}}[[Pakistan]] is a [[List of multilingual countries and regions|multilingual country]] with dozens of regional languages spoken as [[first language]]s by various ethnolinguistic groups.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ashraf |first=Hina |date=2022-03-22 |title=The ambivalent role of Urdu and English in multilingual Pakistan: a Bourdieusian study |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-022-09623-6 |journal=Language Policy |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=25–48 |doi=10.1007/s10993-022-09623-6 |issn=1573-1863 |pmc=8939399 |pmid=35340722}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Ashraf |first1=Muhammad Azeem |last2=Turner |first2=David A. |last3=Laar |first3=Rizwan Ahmed |date=January 2021 |title=Multilingual Language Practices in Education in Pakistan: The Conflict Between Policy and Practice |journal=SAGE Open |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=215824402110041 |doi=10.1177/21582440211004140 |s2cid=232484396 |issn=2158-2440|doi-access=free }}</ref> The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] group of the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rengel |first=Marian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WJMlW-zDE14C&pg=PA38 |title=Pakistan: A Primary Source Cultural Guide |date=2003-12-15 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-4001-1 |pages=38}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kachru |first1=Braj B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O2n4sFGDEMYC&pg=PA34 |title=Language in South Asia |last2=Kachru |first2=Yamuna |last3=Sridhar |first3=S. N. |date=2008-03-27 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-46550-2 |pages=34}}</ref>
 [[Urdu]] is the [[national language]] and the [[lingua franca]] of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with [[English language|English]], it is the preferred and dominant language used for communication between different ethnic groups.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Despite Urdu being the country's lingua franca, estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85,<ref>{{cite web |editor-last1=Simons |editor-first1=Gary F. |editor-last2=Fennig |editor-first2=Charles D. |title=Pakistan – Languages |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PK/languages |work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |year=2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902143126/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/pk/languages |archive-date=2017-09-02 |url-status=deviated |edition=20th}}</ref><ref name="GlottologPK">{{cite web |title=Languages of Pakistan |url=https://glottolog.org/glottolog/language.map.html?country=PK#4/33.01/73.28 |website=Glottolog 4.5 – Languages |publisher=Glottolog |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512205543/https://glottolog.org/glottolog/language.map.html?country=PK#4/33.01/73.28 |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> and in 2023, the country's three largest [[ethnolinguistic group]]s were the [[Punjabis]] (making up 36.98% of the total population), the [[Pashtuns]] (18.15%), and the [[Sindhis]] (14.31%).<ref name="keyfindings2023" /> Languages with more than a million speakers each include [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Pashto]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], [[Urdu]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Hindko]], [[Brahui language|Brahui]], [[Mewati language|Mewati]] and [[Indus Kohistani|Kohistani]].<ref name="2017CensusLanguage">{{cite web |date=2021 |title=Table 11 – Population by Mother Tongue, Sex and Rural/Urban |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409115251/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022 |website=www.pbs.gov.pk |publisher=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=Shahbaz |date=2024-07-19 |title=Pakistan 27th in global population growth |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2480881/pakistan-27th-in-global-population-growth |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en |quote=One of the questions in the population census was about the mother-tongue. The number of Urdu speaking people have increased to 9.3% by 2023. But Punjabi-origin people have reduced to 37%. There is also a reduction in the Sindh language speaking people from 14.6% to 14.3%. the Pashto speaking people reduced from 18.3% to 18.2% but Balochi-language people increased from 3% to 3.4%. The number of Saraiki-language people was reduced from 12.2% to 12%.}}</ref>
@@ Line 2,558: / Line 2,558: @@
 {{Main|Religion in Pakistan}}
 {{Pie chart
-|thumb = right
+| thumb = right
-|caption = Religion in Pakistan (2023 census)<ref name="keyfindings2023" />
+| caption = Religion in Pakistan (2023 census)<ref name="keyfindings2023" />
-|label1 = [[Islam]]
+| label1 = [[Islam]]
-|value1 = 96.35
+| value1 = 96.35
-|color1 = Green
+| color1 = Green
-|label2 = [[Hinduism]]
+| label2 = [[Hinduism]]
-|value2= 2.17
+| value2 = 2.17
-|color2=Orange
+| color2 = Orange
-|label3 = [[Christianity]]
+| label3 = [[Christianity]]
-|value3 = 1.37
+| value3 = 1.37
-|color3 = Blue
+| color3 = Blue
-|value4=0.11|color4=Gray|label4=Others}}
+| value4 = 0.11
+| color4 = Gray
+| label4 = Others
+}}
+[[File:Largest Non-Muslim Religion in Pakistan.jpg|thumb|Largest Enumerated Non-Muslim Religious Community in Pakistan as of the 2023 Census]]
+[[File:Largest Non-Muslim in Pakistan (1941 Census).jpg|thumb|Largest Religious Community other than Muslim in Modern Day Pakistan as of the 1941 Census]]
 According to the [[The World Factbook|World Factbook]], [[Library of Congress Country Studies|Library of Congress]], [[Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies|Oxford University]], over 96% of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the remaining 4% is Hindu, Christian, and others.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618023219/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1809?_hi=1&_pos=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 June 2013 |title=Pakistan, Islam in |access-date=29 August 2010 |work=[[Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies]] |quote=Approximately 97 percent of Pakistanis are Muslim. The majority are Sunnis following the Hanafi school of Islamic law. Between 20 and 25 percent are Shias, mostly Twelvers. |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=pk&regionCode=sas&#pk |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090617014724/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Pakistan&countryCode=PK&regionCode=sas&#pk |url-status= dead |archive-date= 17 June 2009 |title=Religions: Muslim 95% (Sunni 65%, Shia 30%), other (includes Hindus and Christians ) 5% |access-date=24 August 2010 |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2010}}</ref><ref name="LoC">{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Pakistan.pdf |title=Country Profile: Pakistan |date=February 2005 |work=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] on Pakistan |quote=''Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (96 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 75 percent are Sunni and 25 percent Shi'a.'' |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref> Majority of the Muslims practice [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] with a significant minority of [[Shi'a Islam in Pakistan|Shi'as]].
 Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the [[Hanafi]] school, although there are some Hanbalis and [[Ahl-i Hadith|Ahl-e-Hadees]]. The majority of Shia Muslims belong to the [[Twelver|Ithnā'Ashariyyah]] branch,<ref name="Oxford"/> while a smaller number practice [[Ismailism]]. There are small non-Muslim religious groups, including [[Christians]], [[Ahmadiyya|Ahmadi]]s, [[Hindu]]s, [[Buddhist]]s, [[Sikh]]s, [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼís]] and [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrians]] ([[Parsi people|Parsis]]),<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fuchs |first1=Maria-Magdalena |last2=Fuchs |first2=Simon Wolfgang |date=2019-12-12 |title=Religious Minorities in Pakistan: Identities, Citizenship and Social Belonging |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=52–67 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2020.1695075 |s2cid=214107453 |issn=0085-6401|doi-access=free }}</ref>
-{{Bar chart
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
-| title = Religious breakdown of the Pakistani population as of Pakistan Census 2023:
+|+ Religious groups in Pakistan (2023)<ref name="Religion2023A">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/digital-census/detailed-results|title=7th Population and Housing Census - Detailed Results Table-9 Population by sex, religion and rural/urban|website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|access-date=16 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Religion2023B">{{Cite web |title=Religious Demographics of Pakistan 2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721073727/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_9.pdf |archive-date=21 July 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Religion2023C">{{Cite web |title=Religious Demographics of Pakistan 2023 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_9.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212115052/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/national/table_9.pdf|archive-date=12 December 2024}}</ref>
-| label_type = Religion | data_type = Population
+! rowspan="2" |Religious<br>group
-|label1= [[Islam in Pakistan|Muslims]] |data1= 231,686,709
+! colspan="2" |[[Pakistan]]<ref name="Religion2023A"/><ref name="Religion2023B"/><ref name="Religion2023C"/>
-|label2= [[Hinduism in Pakistan|Hindus]] |data2= 5,217,216
+! colspan="2" |[[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
-|label3= [[Christianity in Pakistan|Christians]] |data3= 3,300,788
+! colspan="2" |[[Sindh]]
-|label5= [[Ahmadiyya in Pakistan|Ahmadiyya]] |data5= 162,684
+! colspan="2" |[[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Khyber<br>Pakhtunkhwa]]
-|data6=90,692|label6=Others}}
+! colspan="2" |[[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]
+! colspan="2" |[[Islamabad Capital Territory|ICT]]
+! colspan="2" |[[Azad Jammu and Kashmir|AJK]]
+! colspan="2" |[[Gilgit–Baltistan|Gilgit–<br>Baltistan]]
+|-
+!Total<br>Population
+!Percentage
+![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
+!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
+!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
+!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
+!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
+!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
+!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
+!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
+!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
+!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
+!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
+!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
+!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
+!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
+|-
+! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
+! 231,686,709
+! {{Percentage | 231686709 | 240458089 | 2 }}
+| 124,462,897
+| {{Percentage | 124462897 | 127333305 | 2 }}
+| 50,126,428
+| {{Percentage | 50126428 | 55638409 | 2 }}
+| 40,486,153
+| {{Percentage | 40486153 | 40641120 | 2 }}
+| 14,429,568
+| {{Percentage | 14429568 | 14562011 | 2 }}
+| 2,181,663
+| {{Percentage | 2181663 | 2283244 | 2 }}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+|-
+! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
+! 5,217,216
+! {{Percentage | 5217216 | 240458089 | 2 }}
+| 249,716
+| {{Percentage | 249716 | 127333305 | 2 }}
+| 4,901,407
+| {{Percentage | 4901407 | 55638409 | 2 }}
+| 6,102
+| {{Percentage | 6102 | 40641120 | 2 }}
+| 59,107
+| {{Percentage | 59107 | 14562011 | 2 }}
+| 884
+| {{Percentage | 884 | 2283244 | 2 }}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+|-
+! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
+! 3,300,788
+! {{Percentage | 3300788 | 240458089 | 2 }}
+| 2,458,924
+| {{Percentage | 2458924 | 127333305 | 2 }}
+| 546,968
+| {{Percentage | 546968 | 55638409 | 2 }}
+| 134,884
+| {{Percentage | 134884 | 40641120 | 2 }}
+| 62,731
+| {{Percentage | 62731 | 14562011 | 2 }}
+| 97,281
+| {{Percentage | 97281 | 2283244 | 2 }}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+|-
+! [[Ahmadiyya]] [[File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg|15px]]
+! 162,684
+! {{Percentage | 162684 | 240458089 | 2 }}
+| 140,512
+| {{Percentage | 140512 | 127333305 | 2 }}
+| 18,266
+| {{Percentage | 18266 | 55638409 | 2 }}
+| 951
+| {{Percentage | 951 | 40641120 | 2 }}
+| 557
+| {{Percentage | 557 | 14562011 | 2 }}
+| 2,398
+| {{Percentage | 2398 | 2283244 | 2 }}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+|-
+! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
+! 15,998
+! {{Percentage | 15998 | 240458089 | 2 }}
+| 5,649
+| {{Percentage | 5649 | 127333305 | 2 }}
+| 5,182
+| {{Percentage | 5182 | 55638409 | 2 }}
+| 4,050
+| {{Percentage | 4050 | 40641120 | 2 }}
+| 1,057
+| {{Percentage | 1057 | 14562011 | 2 }}
+| 60
+| {{Percentage | 60 | 2283244 | 2 }}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+|-
+! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
+! 2,348
+! {{Percentage | 2348 | 240458089 | 3 }}
+| 358
+| {{Percentage | 358 | 127333305 | 2 }}
+| 1,763
+| {{Percentage | 1763 | 55638409 | 2 }}
+| 36
+| {{Percentage | 36 | 40641120 | 2 }}
+| 181
+| {{Percentage | 181 | 14562011 | 2 }}
+| 10
+| {{Percentage | 10 | 2283244 | 2 }}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+|-
+! Others<br/ >(inc. [[Kalash people|Kalashas]], [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼís]], [[Buddhists]], [[Jews]])
+! 72,346
+! {{Percentage | 72346 | 240458089 | 2 }}
+| 15,249
+| {{Percentage | 15249 | 127333305 | 2 }}
+| 38,395
+| {{Percentage | 38395 | 55638409 | 2 }}
+| 8,944
+| {{Percentage | 8944 | 40641120 | 2 }}
+| 8,810
+| {{Percentage | 8810 | 14562011 | 2 }}
+| 948
+| {{Percentage | 948 | 2283244 | 2 }}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+|-
+! Total responses
+! 240,458,089
+! {{Percentage | 240458089 | 241499431 | 2 }}
+! 127,333,305
+! {{Percentage | 127333305 | 127688922 | 2 }}
+! 55,638,409
+! {{Percentage | 55638409 | 55696147 | 2 }}
+! 40,641,120
+! {{Percentage | 40641120 | 40856097 | 2 }}
+! 14,562,011
+! {{Percentage | 14562011 | 14894402 | 2 }}
+! 2,283,244
+! {{Percentage | 2283244 | 2363863 | 2 }}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+|-
+! Total population
+! 241,499,431
+! {{Percentage | 241499431 | 241499431 | 2 }}
+! 127,688,922
+! {{Percentage | 127688922 | 127688922 | 2 }}
+! 55,696,147
+! {{Percentage | 55696147 | 55696147 | 2 }}
+! 40,856,097
+! {{Percentage | 40856097 | 40856097 | 2 }}
+! 14,894,402
+! {{Percentage | 14894402 | 14894402 | 2 }}
+! 2,363,863
+! {{Percentage | 2363863 | 2363863 | 2 }}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+| {{N/a}}
+|}
 === Recent changes and detailed demographic data ===
@@ Line 2,639: / Line 2,827: @@
 * [[List of districts of Pakistan by types of households]]
 * [[Indo-Iranians]]
-* [[Demography|Demograpics]]
+* [[Demography|Demographics]]
 ** [[Demographics of Punjab, Pakistan]]
 ** [[Demographics of Sindh]]
@@ Line 2,668: / Line 2,856: @@
 <ref name="AJK">{{cite web |title=Statistical Yearbook 2020 |url=https://www.pndajk.gov.pk/uploadfiles/downloads/Statistical%20Year%20Book%202020.pdf |publisher=AJ&K Bureau of Statistics Planning & Development Department |access-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017165928/https://www.pndajk.gov.pk/uploadfiles/downloads/Statistical%20Year%20Book%202020.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2021 |date=5 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-<ref name="GB">{{cite web |title=Gilgit-Baltistan at a Glance 2020 |url=https://portal.pnd.gog.pk/Content/Files/Reports/Gilgit%20Baltistan%20at%20a%20Glance%20New%20Design%202020%20Final_210554160.pdf  |publisher=Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Planning & Development Department Statistical & Research Cell (SRC) |access-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017170116/https://portal.pnd.gog.pk/Content/Files/Reports/Gilgit%20Baltistan%20at%20a%20Glance%20New%20Design%202020%20Final_210554160.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2021 |date=20 January 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+<ref name="GB">{{cite web |title=Gilgit-Baltistan at a Glance 2020 |url=https://portal.pnd.gog.pk/Content/Files/Reports/Gilgit%20Baltistan%20at%20a%20Glance%20New%20Design%202020%20Final_210554160.pdf |publisher=Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Planning & Development Department Statistical & Research Cell (SRC) |access-date=17 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017170116/https://portal.pnd.gog.pk/Content/Files/Reports/Gilgit%20Baltistan%20at%20a%20Glance%20New%20Design%202020%20Final_210554160.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2021 |date=20 January 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 }}
@@ Line 2,674: / Line 2,862: @@
 *{{Cite conference| last = Baart| first = Joan L. G.| date = 2003| title = Sustainable Development and the Maintenance of Pakistan's Indigenous Languages| location = Islamabad| url = https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/38917}}
 *{{Cite report| last1=Lothers| first1=Michael| last2=Lothers| first2=Laura| date=April 2010| title=Pahari and Pothwari: a sociolinguistic survey| series=SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2010-012| url=https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/9130}}
-*{{Cite journal| first=Robert| last=Parkin| journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |pages=37–43 |title=Some comments on Brahui kinship terminology| volume=32| issue=1| date=January 1989 |doi=10.1007/BF00182435 | doi-broken-date=2 November 2024|jstor=24654607 |s2cid=161638780}}
+*{{Cite journal| first=Robert| last=Parkin| journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |pages=37–43 |title=Some comments on Brahui kinship terminology| volume=32| issue=1| date=January 1989 |doi=10.1007/BF00182435 | doi-broken-date=11 July 2025|jstor=24654607 |s2cid=161638780}}
 *{{Cite journal| last = Rahman| first = Tariq| author-link = Tariq Rahman| title = The Siraiki Movement in Pakistan| journal = Language Problems & Language Planning| date = 1995| volume = 19| issue = 1| doi = 10.1075/lplp.19.1.01rah| pages = 1–25}}
 *{{Cite book| last = Rahman| first = Tariq| author-link = Tariq Rahman| date = 1996|   title = Language and politics in Pakistan| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-577692-8}}

Demographics of Pakistan: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:43, 31 October 2025

Population

Estimates from the United Nations

Structure of population

Population distribution

By province

Urbanization

Largest cities

Vital statistics

Demographic and Health Surveys

Regional fertility rates

Estimates from the United Nations

Human development

Human Development Index

Literacy

Educational institutions by kind

Nationality, ethnicity, and language

Ethnic groups

Foreign-born population in Pakistan

Languages

Religion

Recent changes and detailed demographic data

Pakistanis around the world

See also

Notes

References

Sources

External links

Navigation menu

Search