Lists of earthquakes: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 13:51, 7 November 2025

File:Map of earthquakes 1900-.svg

Earthquakes (6.0+ Template:M) between 1900 and 2017

Template:Use mdy dates Earthquakes are caused by movements within the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. They range from weak events detectable only by seismometers, to sudden and violent events lasting many minutes which have caused some of the greatest disasters in human history. Below, earthquakes are listed by period, region or country, year, magnitude, cost, fatalities, and number of scientific studies.

Deadliest earthquakes

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths.^[1] The 893 Ardabil earthquake is most likely the same as the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, "Dabil" as "Ardabil".^[2]^[3] Template:Static-row-numbers Template:Sticky header Template:Static-row-numbers

Event	Date	Location	Template:Shy	Template:Shy	Notes on fatalities
1976 Tangshan earthquake	Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Hebei, China	300,000+^[4]	7.6	Internal Tangshan reports found 263,299 local deaths. Official nationwide deaths stated to be 242,769. Scholars estimated >300,000.^[4]^[5]
1920 Haiyuan earthquake	Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Ningxia–Gansu, China	273,400	7.8	Previously cited death toll was 230,000 and this figure was revised in 2010.^[6]^[7]
526 Antioch earthquake	Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Antioch, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Turkey)	250,000^[8]	7.0^[9]	Procopius (II.14.6), sources based on John of Ephesus.
1139 Ganja earthquake	Template:Dts	Ganja, Seljuk Empire (modern-day Template:Sort flagicon Azerbaijan)	230,000–300,000^[10]	7.0 Template:M	Death toll may have been a historical conflation with earthquakes on November 1137 in the Jazira plain and the 1138 Aleppo earthquake.^[11]
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami	Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Sumatra, Indonesia	227,898	9.2	Death toll includes those missing and presumed dead.^[10]
1303 Hongdong earthquake	Template:Dts	Shanxi, Yuan dynasty (modern-day Template:Sort flagicon China)	200,000^[12]	8.0
856 Damghan earthquake	Template:Dts	Damghan, Abbasid Caliphate (modern-day Template:Sort flagicon Iran)	200,000	7.9 M_s
1138 Aleppo earthquake	Template:Dts	Aleppo, Seljuk Empire (modern-day Template:Sort flagicon Syria)	130,000–230,000^[13]	7.1^[13]	The figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and the 1139 Ganja earthquake in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja. The first mention of a 230,000 death toll was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.^[11]
533 Aleppo earthquake	Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Aleppo, Byzantine Empire (modern-day Syria)	130,000^[14]	Unknown
1948 Ashgabat earthquake	Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (modern-day [[Turkmenistan\|Template:Shy]])	110,000	7.3 Template:M	Previously cited death toll was 10,000 until a news release on December 9, 1988, advised that the correct death toll was 110,000.^[10]
1923 Great Kantō earthquake	Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Kantō region, Japan	105,385^[15]	7.9	Casualty estimates range from 100,000 to 142,800, the latter figure including 40,000 missing later presumed dead.
1556 Shaanxi earthquake	Template:Dts	Shaanxi, China	100,000	8.0	Direct deaths thought to be just over 100,000 while about 730,000 people died from famines or migrated elsewhere.^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]
2010 Haiti earthquake	Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Haiti	46,000–316,000	7.0	Estimates vary from 316,000 (Haitian government) to 222,570 (UN OCHA estimate)^[20] to 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) to between 46,000 and 85,000 (report commissioned by USAID).^[21]^[22]
1290 Zhili earthquake	Template:Dts	Ningcheng, Yuan dynasty (modern-day Template:Sort flagicon China)	7,000–100,000	6.8 Template:M	Estimates also suggests lower values of at least 7,000.^[23]

Deadliest earthquakes by year since 1920

Date	Template:Shy	Location	Depth (km)	MMI	Deaths	Notes
December 16, 1920	7.9	Template:Country data China, Ningxia	15.0	XII	273,407
August 14, 1921	6.1	Template:Country data Eritrea, Massawa	15.0	VIII	Some
November 11, 1922	8.3–8.6	Template:Country data Chile, Atacama	35.0	XI	1,000
September 1, 1923	7.9–8.2	Template:Country data Japan, Kanagawa Prefecture	23.0	XI	142,800
April 14, 1924	8.3	Template:Country data Philippines, Davao Region	15.0	IX	500
March 16, 1925	6.9–7.0	Template:Country data China, Yunnan	26.0	IX	5,000
October 22, 1926	6.0	Template:Country data Turkey, Kars Province	7.0	IX	360
May 23, 1927	7.7	Template:Country data China, Gansu	15.0	XI	40,912
December 1, 1928	7.6	Template:Country data Chile, Maule Region	20.0	IX	279
May 1, 1929	7.2	Template:Country data Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Ahal Region	10.0	IX	3,257–3,800
July 23, 1930	6.6	Template:Country data Italy, Irpinia	15.0	X	1,404
August 10, 1931	8.0	Template:Country data China, Xinjiang Province	20.0	XI	10,000
May 20, 1932	5.4	Template:Country data Persia, Mazandaran province	12.0	VIII	1,070
August 25, 1933	7.3	Template:Country data China, Sichuan Province	15.0	X	6,865–9,300
January 15, 1934	8.0	Template:Country data Nepal, Koshi	15.0	X	10,700–12,000
May 30, 1935	7.7	Template:Country data British Raj, Khanate of Kalat	15.0	X	30,000–60,000
April 1, 1936	6.8	Template:Country data China, Guangxi Province	0.0	IX	1,001
July 31, 1937	6.9	Template:Country data China, Shandong Province	25.0	IX	3,252
April 19, 1938	6.6	Template:Country data Turkey, Kırşehir Province	10.0	IX	224
December 27, 1939	7.8	Template:Country data Turkey, Erzincan Province	20.0	XII	32,700–32,968
November 10, 1940	7.7	Template:Country data Romania, Vrancea County	133.0	X	1,000
January 11, 1941	5.8–6.5	Template:Country data Yemen, Razih District	35.0	VIII	1,200
December 20, 1942	7.0	Template:Country data Turkey, Erbaa	10.0	IX	3,000
November 27, 1943	7.5	Template:Country data Turkey, Çankırı	20.0	XI	2,824–5,000
January 15, 1944	7.0	Template:Country data Argentina, San Juan	15.0	IX	10,000
November 28, 1945	8.1	Template:Country data British Raj, Makran Coast	15.0	X	300–4,000
August 4, 1946	7.8	Template:Country data Dominican Republic, Samaná	15.0	IX	2,550
August 4, 1947	7.7	Template:Country data Peru, Junín Province	20.0	IX	233–2,233
October 6, 1948	7.3	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic	15.0	X	10,000–110,000
July 10, 1949	7.5	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic	18.0	IX	7,200
August 15, 1950	8.6	Template:Country data India, Assam	15.0	XI	4,800
May 6, 1951	5.9–6.2	Template:Country data El Salvador, Usulután	85.0	VIII	400–1,100
November 5, 1952	9.0	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Russian Soviet Socialist Republic	21.6	XI	2,336
March 18, 1953	7.5	Template:Country data Turkey, Balıkesir Province	10.0	IX	1,070
September 9, 1954	6.7	Template:Country data France, Chlef Province, Algeria	15.0	XI	1,243–1,409
March 31, 1955	7.4	Template:Country data Philippines, Western Mindanao	35.0	VIII	465
October 31, 1956	6.4	Template:Country data Iran, Hormozgan	15.0	VII	347
December 13, 1957	6.5	Template:Country data Iran, Hamadan	15.0	VII	1,130
August 16, 1958	6.7	Template:Country data Iran, Lorestan	15.0	VII	132
August 18, 1959	7.3	Template:Country data United States, Montana	5.0	X	28
February 29, 1960	5.8	Template:Country data Morocco, Souss-Massa	15.0	X	12,000–15,000
June 11, 1961	6.4	Template:Country data Iran, Fars province	15.0	VIII	60
September 1, 1962	7.1	Template:Country data Iran, Qazvin province	10.0	IX	12,225
July 26, 1963	6.1	Template:Country data Yugoslavia, Macedonia	15.0	X	1,070
March 27, 1964	9.2	Template:Country data United States, Alaska	25.0	XI	131
March 28, 1965	7.4–7.6	Template:Country data Chile, Valparaíso Region	70.0	IX	400–500
March 22, 1966	6.8	Template:Country data China, Hebei	20.0	IX	8,064
July 29, 1967	6.6	Template:Country data Venezuela, Vargas	25.0	VIII	225–300
August 31, 1968	7.1	Template:Country data Iran, South Khorasan province	10.0	X	15,900
July 25, 1969	6.4	Template:Country data China, Guangdong	20.0	VIII	3,000
May 31, 1970	7.9	Template:Country data Peru, Ancash	45.0	VIII	66,794–70,000
May 22, 1971	6.6	Template:Country data Turkey, Bingöl	10.0	VIII	875^[24]
April 10, 1972	6.7	Template:Country data Iran, Fars	10.0	IX	5,374
February 6, 1973	7.6	Template:Country data China, Sichuan	11.0	X	2,175–2,204
May 10, 1974	7.1	Template:Country data China, Yunnan	14.0	IX	1,641–20,000
September 6, 1975	6.7	Template:Country data Turkey, Diyarbakır	26.0	IX	2,311
July 28, 1976	7.6	Template:Country data China, Hebei	12.2	XI	242,719–655,000
March 4, 1977	7.5	Template:Country data Romania, Vrancea	85.3	IX	1,700
September 16, 1978	7.4	Template:Country data Iran, Yazd	33.0	IX	15,000–25,000
December 12, 1979	8.2	Template:Country data Colombia, Nariño	33.0	IX	300–600
October 10, 1980	7.1	Template:Country data Algeria, Chlef	10.0	X	2,633–5,000
June 11, 1981	6.6	Template:Country data Iran, Kerman	33.0	VIII	3,000
December 13, 1982	6.2	Template:Country data North Yemen, Dhamar	10.0	VIII	2,800
October 30, 1983	6.6	Template:Country data Turkey, Erzurum	15.0	IX	1,340
September 13, 1984	6.3	Template:Country data Japan, Nagano	2.0	VIII	14
September 19, 1985	8.0	Template:Country data Mexico, Michoacán	20.0	IX	5,000–45,000
October 10, 1986	5.7	Template:Country data El Salvador, San Salvador	10.0	IX	1,000–1,500
March 6, 1987	7.1	Template:Country data Ecuador, Sucumbíos	10.0	IX	1,000
December 7, 1988	6.8	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic	5.0	X	25,000–50,000
January 23, 1989	5.3	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic	33.0	VII	274
June 21, 1990	7.4	Template:Country data Iran, Gilan	18.5	X	35,000–40,000
October 20, 1991	6.8	Template:Country data India, Uttarkashi	11.6	IX	768–2,000^[25]
December 12, 1992	7.8	Template:Country data Indonesia, Flores Sea offshore	27.7	VIII	2,500^[26]
September 29, 1993	6.2	Template:Country data India, Latur	10.0	VIII	9,748
June 6, 1994	6.8	Template:Country data Colombia, Cauca	12.1	IX	1,100
January 17, 1995	6.9	Template:Country data Japan, Kobe	21.9	XI	5,502–6,434
February 3, 1996	6.6	Template:Country data China, Yunnan	10.0	X	309–322
May 10, 1997	7.3	Template:Country data Iran, Khorasan	10.0	X	1,567
May 30, 1998	6.5	Template:Country data Afghanistan, Takhar	33.0	VII	4,000–4,500
August 17, 1999	7.6	Template:Country data Turkey, İzmit	17.0	X	17,127–18,373
June 4, 2000	7.9	Template:Country data Indonesia, Enggano Island offshore	44.0	VI	103^[27]
January 26, 2001	7.6	Template:Country data India, Bhuj	16.0	X	13,805–20,023
March 25, 2002	6.1	Template:Country data Afghanistan, Baghlan Province	8.0	VII	1,200
December 26, 2003	6.6	Template:Country data Iran, Bam	15.0	IX	34,000
December 26, 2004	9.1–9.3	Template:Country data Indonesia, Sumatra offshore	30.0	IX	227,898
October 8, 2005	7.6	Template:Country data Pakistan, Balakot	15.0	XI	86,000–87,351
May 27, 2006	6.4	Template:Country data Indonesia, Yogyakarta	10.0	IX	5,749^[28]
August 15, 2007	8.0	Template:Country data Peru, Ica offshore	39.0	IX	595
May 12, 2008	7.9	Template:Country data China, Sichuan	19.0	XI	87,587
September 30, 2009	7.6	Template:Country data Indonesia, Padang offshore	90.0	VII^[29]	1,115
January 12, 2010	7.0	Template:Country data Haiti, Léogâne	13.0	X	46,000–160,000
March 11, 2011	9.1	Template:Country data Japan, Sendai offshore	29.0	XI	19,759	The following tsunami led to about 18,500 deaths.
August 11, 2012	6.4	Template:Country data Iran, East Azerbaijan	9.0	VIII	306
September 24, 2013	7.7	Template:Country data Pakistan, Balochistan	15.0	IX	825
August 3, 2014	6.1	Template:Country data China, Yunnan	10.0	IX	617
April 25, 2015	7.8	Template:Country data Nepal, Gorkha District	8.2	X	8,962
April 16, 2016	7.8	Template:Country data Ecuador, Esmeraldas	20.6	VIII^[30]	676
November 12, 2017	7.3	Template:Sort flagicon Template:Sort flagicon Iran–Iraq border Region	19.0	IX	630
September 28, 2018	7.5	Template:Country data Indonesia, Palu	20.0	X	4,340
November 26, 2019	6.4	Template:Country data Albania, Durrës	10.0	VIII	51
October 30, 2020	7.0	Template:Country data Greece Template:Country data Turkey Aegean Sea	21.0	VIII	119
August 14, 2021	7.2	Template:Country data Haiti, Nippes	10.0	IX	2,248
June 21, 2022	6.0	Template:Country data Afghanistan, Khost	10.0	VIII	1,052–1,163
February 6, 2023	7.8 & 7.7	Template:Country data Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia Template:Flagicon Syria, Aleppo and Idlib	10.0 & 7.4	XII	59,488–62,013	These were two earthquakes of magnitudes 7.8 and 7.7.
January 1, 2024	7.5	Template:Country data Japan, Ishikawa	10.0	X	645
March 28, 2025	7.7	Template:Country data Myanmar, Sagaing Region Template:Country data Thailand	10.0	X	5,456

Strongest earthquakes by magnitude

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File:Graph of largest earthquakes 1906-2005.png

A pie chart comparing the seismic moment release of the three strongest earthquakes for the hundred-year period from 1906 to 2005 with that for all earthquakes of magnitudes <6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, and >8 for the same period. The 2011 Japan quake would be roughly similar to Sumatra.

File:USGS magnitude 8 earthquakes since 1900.svg

Earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 and greater from 1900 to 2018. The apparent 3D volumes of the bubbles are linearly proportional to their respective fatalities.^[31] The colour indicates the continent, and the legend counts the number of quakes for each. Notice the absence of Africa.

For those which occurred before the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes are estimated from historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.^[32]

Rank	Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
1	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Chile Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Valdivia, Chile	1960 Valdivia earthquake	9.4–9.6
2	Template:Dts	Template:Country data United States Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States	1964 Alaska earthquake	9.2–9.3^[33]
2	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Indonesia Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sumatra, Indonesia	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake	9.2–9.3^[34]^[35]
4	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Japan Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	2011 Tōhoku earthquake	9.0–9.1^[36]^[37]
5	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Soviet Union Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake	8.8–9.0^[38]
6	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Chile Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Maule, Chile	2010 Chile earthquake	8.8
	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Russia Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kamchatka, Russia	2025 Kamchatka earthquake	8.8
	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Ecuador Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Country data Colombia Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Esmeraldas, Ecuador – Colombia	1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake	8.5–8.8^[39]
9	Template:Dts	Template:Country data United States Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Rat Islands, Alaska, United States	1965 Rat Islands earthquake	8.7
9	Template:Dts	Template:Country data India Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Country data China Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Assam, India – Tibet, China	1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake	8.7
11	Template:Dts	Template:Country data United States Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Aleutian Islands, Alaska, United States	1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake	8.6
	Template:Dts	Template:Country data United States Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Andreanof Islands, Alaska, United States	1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake	8.6
	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Indonesia Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sumatra, Indonesia	2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake	8.6
	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Indonesia Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sumatra, Indonesia	2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes	8.6
15	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Chile Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Atacama, Chile	1922 Vallenar earthquake	8.5–8.6
15	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Dutch East Indies Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Banda Sea, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1938 Banda Sea earthquake	8.5–8.6
17	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Japan Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Iwate Prefecture, Japan	1933 Sanriku earthquake^[40]	8.5
	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Soviet Union Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Kuril Islands, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union	1963 Kuril Islands earthquake	8.5
	Template:Dts	Template:Country data Indonesia Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Bengkulu Province, Indonesia	2007 Bengkulu earthquakes^[41]	8.5

Pre-instrumental earthquakes

Template:Static-row-numbers

Date	Location	Event	Magnitude
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Valparaíso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1730 Valparaíso earthquake	9.1–9.3 (est.)^[42]
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Empire	1737 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0–9.3 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Valdivia, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1575 Valdivia earthquake	9.0 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Arica, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1604 Arica earthquake	9.0 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Kamchatka, Russian Empire	1841 Kamchatka earthquake	9.0 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Valdivia, Chile	1837 Valdivia earthquake	8.8–9.5 (est.)^[43]
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Pacific Ocean, Atacama region (now Atacama, Chile)	1420 Caldera earthquake	8.8–9.4 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1833 Sumatra earthquake	8.8–9.2 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Arica, Peru (now part of present-day Chile)	1868 Arica earthquake	8.8–9.1 (est.)^[44]
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Banda Islands, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1852 Banda Sea earthquake	8.8 (est.)^[45]
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan	1707 Hōei earthquake	8.7–9.3 (est.)^[46]
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagiconFile:Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg Pacific Ocean, US, and Canada (then claimed by the Spanish Empire and the British Empire)	1700 Cascadia earthquake	8.7–9.2 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Iquique, Chile (then Peru)	1877 Iquique earthquake	8.7–8.9 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1687 Peru earthquake	8.7 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan	869 Jōgan earthquake	8.6–9.0 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1746 Lima–Callao earthquake	8.6–8.8 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Pacific Ocean, Chūbu region, Japan	1498 Meiō earthquake	8.6 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Oaxaca, Mexico (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1787 New Spain earthquake	8.6 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1816 North Atlantic earthquake	8.6 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1755 Lisbon earthquake	8.5–9.0 (est.)
Template:Dts	File:Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg Chittagong, Bangladesh (then Kingdom of Mrauk U)	1762 Arakan earthquake	8.5–8.8 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Mediterranean Sea, Crete, Greece	365 Crete earthquake	8.5+ (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1356 Lisbon earthquake	8.5 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Shandong, China	1668 Shandong earthquake	8.5 (est.)^[47]
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Concepción, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire)	1751 Concepción earthquake	8.5 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal	1761 Lisbon earthquake	8.5 (est.)^[48]
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Copiapó, Chile	1819 Copiapó earthquake	8.5 (est.)^[43]
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Valparaíso, Chile	1822 Valparaíso earthquake	8.5 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Concepción, Chile	1835 Concepción earthquake	8.5 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Country data Guadeloupe region, Lesser Antilles	1843 Guadeloupe earthquake	8.5 (est.)^[49]
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies)	1861 Sumatra earthquake	8.5 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Empire of Japan	1896 Sanriku earthquake	8.5 (est.)
Template:Dts	Template:Sort flagicon Himalayas, northern Nepal	1505 Lo Mustang earthquake	8.2–8.8 (est.)

Strongest earthquakes by magnitude each year since 1907

Year	Date	Template:Shy	Location	Depth (km)	MMI	Deaths	Template:Shy
1907	January 4, 1907^[50]	8.2	Template:Country data Dutch East Indies, Sumatra	25.0	IV-V	2,188	-
1908	March 26, 1908^[51]	7.5	Template:Country data Mexico, Guerrero	25.0	–	-	-
1909	July 7, 1909^[52]	7.7	Template:Country data Afghanistan, Badakhshan	200.0	–	-	-
1910	April 12, 1910^[53]	8.1	Template:Flagicon Template:Flagicon Sakishima Islands-Taiwan region	235.0	–	60	-
1911	June 15, 1911^[54]	7.9	Template:Country data Japan, Ryukyu Islands	150.0	IX	-	-
1912	May 23, 1912^[55]	7.9	Template:Country data Myanmar, Shan	15.0	IX	-	-
1913	March 14, 1913^[56]	7.9	Template:Country data Philippines, Mindanao	15.0	IX	138	-
1914	May 26, 1914^[57]	8.2	Template:Country data Dutch East Indies, Papua	15.0	-	100+	-
1915	May 1, 1915^[58]	7.8	Template:Country data Russian Empire, Kuril Islands	30.0	-	–	-
1916	January 1, 1916^[59]	8.0	Template:Country data Territory of New Guinea, East New Britain	35.0	-	–	-
1917	May 1, 1917^[60]	8.2	Template:Country data New Zealand, Kermadec Islands	15.0	-	–	-
1918	August 15, 1918^[61]	8.3	Template:Country data Philippines, Mindanao	20.0	-	52	-
1919	April 30, 1919^[62]	8.1	Template:Country data Tonga	25.0	-	–	-
1920	June 5, 1920^[63]	8.2	Template:Country data Taiwan, Hualien	20.0	VII	–	-
1921	November 15, 1921^[64]	7.8	Template:Country data Afghanistan, Badakhshan	240.0	V	–	-
1922	November 11, 1922^[65]	8.5	Template:Country data Chile, Atacama	70.0	-	500	-
1923	February 3, 1923^[66]	8.4	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Kamchatka Krai	15.0	-	3	-
1924	April 10, 1924^[67]	8.1	Template:Country data Philippines, Mindanao	15.0	-	500	-
1925	November 10, 1925^[68]	7.3	Template:Country data Dutch East Indies, Papua	15.0	-	-	-
1926	October 26, 1926^[69]	7.6	Template:Country data Dutch East Indies, Papua	35.0	-	-	-
1927	May 22, 1927^[70]	7.7	Template:Country data Republic of China, Gansu	15.0	-	40,900	-
1928	June 17, 1928^[71]	8.0	Template:Country data Mexico, Oaxaca	15.0	-	4	-
1929	June 26, 1929^[72]	8.1	Template:Country data United Kingdom, South Sandwich Islands region	15.0	-	-	-
1930	December 3, 1930^[73]	7.5	Template:Country data British Burma, Bago	10.0	IX	30	-
1931	June 3, 1931^[74]	7.9	Template:Country data China, Xinjiang	10.0	X	10,000	-
1932	June 3, 1932^[75]	8.1	Template:Country data Mexico, Jalisco	35.0	X	400	-
1933	March 2, 1933^[76]	8.5	Template:Country data Japan, Sanriku coast	15.0	V	3,000	-
1934	January 15, 1934^[77]	8.0	Template:Country data Nepal, Sagarmatha Zone	15.0	X	10,700	-
1935	September 20, 1935^[78]	7.8	Template:Country data New Guinea, Sandaun Province	35.0	VII	0	0
1936	April 1, 1936^[79]	7.8	Template:Country data Dutch East Indies, Talaud Islands	35.0	IX	0	0
1937	January 7, 1937^[80]	7.8	Template:Country data Republic of China (1912–1949)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Qinghai	15.0	VIII	0	0
1938	February 1, 1938	8.5	Template:Country data Dutch East Indies, Maluku offshore	60.0	VII	0	0
1939	December 21, 1939^[81]	8.1	Template:Country data Dutch East Indies, Central Sulawesi offshore	150.0	VII	0	0
1940	May 24, 1940	8.2	Template:Country data Peru, Lima	45.0	VIII	179–300	3,500
1941	November 18, 1941	8.0	Template:Country data Empire of JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Miyazaki offshore	35.0	VII	2	0
1942	August 24, 1942	8.2	Template:Country data Peru, Ica	35.0	IX	30	25
1943	April 6, 1943	8.1	Template:Country data Chile, Coquimbo	35.0	VIII	11	0
1944	December 7, 1944	8.1	Template:Country data Empire of JapanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Wakayama offshore	30.0	VIII	1,223	2,135
1945	November 27, 1945	8.1	Template:Country data British RajScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Balochistan offshore	15.0	X	4,000	0
1946	April 1, 1946	8.6	Template:Country data United States, Alaska offshore	15.0	VI	173	0
1947	May 27, 1947^[82]	7.6	Template:Country data Dutch East Indies, Papua offshore	15.0	VI	0	0
1947	November 1, 1947	7.6	Template:Country data Peru, Junin	20.0	IX	233	0
1948	January 24, 1948	7.8	Template:Country data Philippines, Panay	15.0	X	50	0
1949	August 22, 1949	8.0	Template:Country data Canada, Haida Gwaii	10.0	VIII	0	0
1950	August 15, 1950	8.6	Template:Country data India Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Country data China Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". India–China, Assam–Tibet border region	15.0	XI	4,800	0
1951	November 24, 1951	7.8	Template:Country data Taiwan, East Rift Valley	30.0	VII	85	1,200
1952	November 4, 1952	9.0	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Kamchatka	21.6	XI	2,336	0
1953	November 25, 1953^[83]	7.9	Template:Country data Japan, Yokohama	25.0	V	1	0
1954	March 29, 1954^[84]	7.8	Template:Country data Francoist SpainScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Andalusia	626.2	IV	0	0
1955	February 27, 1955^[85]	7.5	Template:Country data New Zealand, Kermadec Islands	15.0	I	0	0
1956	July 9, 1956	7.7	Template:Country data Greece, Dodecanese Islands	20.0	IX	56	0
1957	March 9, 1957	8.6	Template:Country data United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska	25.0	VIII	2	0
1958	November 6, 1958	8.3	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Kuril Islands	35.0	X	0	51
1959	May 4, 1959	7.9	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Kamchatka	55.0	VIII	1	13
1960	May 22, 1960	9.5	Template:Country data Chile, Valdivia	25.0	XII	2,000	4,000
1961	August 19, 1961^[86]	7.6	Template:Country data Peru, Madre de Dios Region	612.2	IV	0	0
1962	May 21, 1962^[87]	7.5	Template:Country data Fiji offshore	390.0	I	0	0
1963	October 13, 1963	8.5	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Kuril Islands	35.0	IX	0	0
1964	March 27, 1964	9.2	Template:Country data United States, Alaska, Prince William Sound	25.0	XI	131	0
1965	February 3, 1965	8.7	Template:Country data United States, Alaska, Aleutian Islands	30.3	VI	0	0
1966	October 17, 1966	8.1	Template:Country data Peru, Arequipa	38.0	IX	125	3,000
1967	July 22, 1967	7.3	Template:Country data Turkey, Sakarya Province	30.0	X	86	0
1968	May 16, 1968	8.3	Template:Country data Japan, Hokkaidō	26.0	VIII	52	330
1969	August 11, 1969^[88]	8.2	Template:Country data Soviet Union, Kuril Islands	30.0	VIII	0	0
1970	July 31, 1970	8.0	Template:Country data Colombia, Amazonas Department	644.8	IV	1	4
1971	July 26, 1971	8.0	Template:Country data Papua New Guinea, Kokopo	37.0	IX	3	5
1972	1972^[89]	8.0	Template:Country data Philippines, Mindanao	60.0	VII	0	0
1973	June 17, 1973	7.8	Template:Country data Japan, Hokkaidō	43.3	VIII	0	27
1974	October 3, 1974	8.1	Template:Country data Peru, Lima	13.0	IX	78	2,400
1975	May 26, 1975	7.8	north Atlantic Ocean	33.0	VI	0	0
1976	August 17, 1976	8.0	Template:Country data Philippines, Moro Gulf	33.0	VIII	8,000	10,000
1977	August 19, 1977	8.3	Template:Country data Indonesia, Bima	25.0	VI	189	1,100
1978	June 12, 1978	7.6	Template:Country data Japan, Miyagi	44.0	VIII	28	1,325
1979	December 12, 1979	8.1	Template:Country data Colombia, Nariño offshore Template:Country data Ecuador, Esmeraldas offshore	24.0	IX	600	0
1980	July 17, 1980^[90]	7.7	Template:Country data Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands	33.0	VI	0	0
1981	September 1, 1981^[91]	7.5	Template:Country data New Zealand, offshore	25.0	IV	0	0
1982	June 19, 1982	7.3	Template:Country data El Salvador, offshore	73.0	VII	43	0
1983	March 18, 1983^[92]	7.7	Template:Country data Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	70.0	VII	0	0
1983	May 26, 1983	7.7	Template:Country data Japan, off the coast of Honshu	15.1	VIII	104	324
1984	February 7, 1984^[93]	7.5	Template:Country data Solomon Islands, Honiara	18.1	VIII	0	0
1985	September 19, 1985	8.0	Template:Country data Mexico, Mexico City	27.9	IX	5,000-Template:Wbr45,000	40,000
1986	May 7, 1986^[94]	8.0	Template:Country data United States, Aleutian Islands, Alaska	19.0	VII	0	0
1987	November 30, 1987^[95]	7.8	Template:Country data United States, Gulf of Alaska	10.0	VI	0	0
1988	March 6, 1988^[96]	7.7	Template:Country data United States, Gulf of Alaska	15.0	V	0	0
1989	May 23, 1989^[97]	8.0	Template:Country data Australia, Macquarie Island	10.0	V	0	0
1990	July 16, 1990	7.7	Template:Country data Philippines, Luzon	24.4	IX	1,621	3,000
1991	April 22, 1991	7.7	Template:Country data Costa Rica, Limón	10.0	IX	127	759
1992	December 12, 1992	7.8	Template:Country data Indonesia, Sunda Islands	23.5	VIII	2,500	0
1993	August 8, 1993	7.8	Template:Country data Guam, Offshore	59.3	IX	0	71
1994	October 5, 1994	8.3	Template:Country data Russia, Kuril Islands	3.0	IX	12	1,742
1995	October 9, 1995	8.1	Template:Country data Mexico, Colima	33.0	VIII	49	100
1995	July 30, 1995	8.1	Template:Country data Chile, Antofagasta	40.0	VII	3	58
1996	February 17, 1996	8.2	Template:Country data Indonesia, Biak	11.5	VIII	166	423
1997	December 5, 1997^[98]	7.8	Template:Country data Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula	23.5	VIII	0	0
1998	March 25, 1998	8.1	Template:Country data Antarctica, Balleny Islands	10.0		0	0
1999	September 21, 1999	7.6	Template:Country data Taiwan, Nantou County	15.5	IX	2,444	11,305
2000	November 16, 2000	8.0	Template:Country data Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	13.0	VII	2	0
2001	June 23, 2001	8.4	Template:Country data Peru, Arequipa	33.0	VIII	145	2,713
2002	November 3, 2002	7.9	Template:Country data United States, Alaska	4.2	IX	0	1
2003	September 26, 2003	8.3	Template:Country data Japan, Hokkaidō	23.5	IX	0	849
2004	December 26, 2004	9.3	Template:Country data Indonesia, Sumatra	10.0	IX	227,898	125,000
2005	March 28, 2005	8.6	Template:Country data Indonesia, Simeulue	21.0	IX	1313	300
2006	November 15, 2006	8.3	Template:Country data Russia, Kuril Islands	10.0	VI	0	1
2007	September 12, 2007	8.4	Template:Country data Indonesia, Sumatra	34.0	VIII	23	0
2008	May 12, 2008	7.9	Template:Country data China, Sichuan	19.0	XI	87,587	374,177
2009	September 29, 2009	8.1	Template:Country data Samoa, Offshore	18.0	VII	189	7
2010	February 27, 2010	8.8	Template:Country data Chile, Concepción	22.9	IX	550	12,000
2011	March 11, 2011	9.0–Template:Wbr9.1	Template:Country data Japan, Honshu	29.0	IX	19,747	6,000
2012	April 11, 2012	8.6	Template:Country data Indonesia, Indian Ocean	20.0	VII	10	12
2013	May 24, 2013	8.3	Template:Country data Russia, Sea of Okhotsk	598.1	VI	0	0
2014	April 1, 2014	8.2	Template:Country data Chile, Iquique	25.0	VIII	6	9
2015	September 16, 2015	8.3	Template:Country data Chile, Coquimbo	22.4	IX	21	34
2016	December 17, 2016	7.9	Template:Country data Papua New Guinea, New Ireland	94.5	VII	0	0
2017	September 7, 2017	8.2	Template:Country data Mexico, Chiapas	47.4	IX	98	250
2018	August 19, 2018	8.2	Template:Country data Fiji, offshore	600.0	V	0	0
2019	May 26, 2019	8.0	Template:Country data Peru, Loreto	122.6	VIII	2	0
2020	July 22, 2020	7.8	Template:Country data United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore	28.0	VII	0	0
2021	July 28, 2021	8.2	Template:Country data United States, Alaska Peninsula offshore	32.2	VII	0	0
2022	September 11, 2022	7.6	Template:Country data Papua New Guinea, Morobe	61.4	VIII	21	42
2022	September 19, 2022	7.6	Template:Country data Mexico, Michoacán	25.5	VIII	2	35
2023	February 6, 2023	7.8	Template:Country data Turkey, Southeastern Anatolia	17.9	XII	59,488–Template:Wbr62,013	121,704
2024	January 1, 2024	7.5	Template:Country data Japan, Ishikawa	10.0	X	645	1,393
2025	July 30, 2025	8.8	Template:Country data Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula	35.0	IX	1	25

Strongest earthquakes by magnitude by country/territory

This list is a work in progress. Information is likely to be changed.
The list refers to current country boundaries rather than those at the date of the earthquake.
Please note, multiple countries could have the same earthquake listed, such as the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake being listed for both Ecuador and Colombia.
Unless otherwise noted, magnitudes are reported on the Moment magnitude scale (M_w).

Country/Territory	Magnitude	Date	More information
Template:Country data Afghanistan	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[99]
Template:Country data Albania	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[100]
Template:Country data Algeria	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1980 El Asnam earthquake
Template:Country data American Samoa	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[101]
Template:Country data Andorra	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	1428 Catalonia earthquake
Template:Country data Angola	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[102]
Template:Country data Anguilla	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[103]
Antarctica	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1998 Balleny Islands earthquake
Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda	Template:Nts M_s	Template:Dts	^[104]
Template:Country data Argentina	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1977 San Juan earthquake
Template:Country data Armenia	Template:Nts M_s	Template:Dts	1988 Armenian earthquake
Template:Country data Aruba	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[105]
Template:Country data Australia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[106]
Template:Country data Austria	Template:Nts–6.5	Template:Dts	1590 Neulengbach earthquake
Template:Country data Azerbaijan	Template:Nts–7.3	Template:Dts	1139 Ganja earthquake
Template:Country data Bahamas	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[107]
Template:Country data Bangladesh	Template:Nts–8.8	Template:Dts	1762 Arakan earthquake
Template:Country data Barbados	Template:Nts	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	^[108]^[109]
Template:Country data Belgium	Template:Nts–6.5 M_s	Template:Dts	1692 Northwestern Europe earthquake
Template:Country data Belize	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[110]
Template:Country data Benin	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[111]
Template:Country data Bermuda	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[112]
Template:Country data Bhutan	Template:Nts–8.6	Template:Dts	1714 Bhutan earthquake
Template:Country data Bolivia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1994 Bolivia earthquake
Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1969 Banja Luka earthquake
Template:Country data Botswana	Template:Nts M_L	Template:Dts	^[113]
Template:Country data Brazil	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[114]
Template:Country data British Indian Ocean Territory	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1983 Chagos Archipelago earthquake
Template:Country data British Virgin Islands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[115]
Template:Country data Brunei	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[116]
Template:Country data Bulgaria	Template:Nts	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	1901 Black Sea earthquake & 1904 Kresna earthquakes
Template:Country data Burundi	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[117]
Template:Country data Cameroon	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[118]
Template:Country data Canada	Template:Nts–9.2	Template:Dts	1700 Cascadia earthquake
Template:Country data Cape Verde	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[119]
Template:Country data Caribbean Netherlands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[120]
Template:Country data Cayman Islands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	2020 Caribbean earthquake
Template:Country data Central African Republic	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[121]
Template:Country data Chile	Template:Nts–9.6	Template:Dts	1960 Valdivia earthquake
Template:Country data China	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Template:Country data Christmas Island	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[122]
Template:Country data Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[123]
Template:Country data Colombia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Template:Country data Comoros	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[124]
Template:Country data Congo	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[125]
Template:Country data Costa Rica	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1991 Limon earthquake
Template:Country data Croatia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1898 Trilj earthquake
Template:Country data Cuba	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[126]
Template:Country data Curaçao	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[127]
Template:Country data Cyprus	Template:Nts–7.5	Template:Dts	1222 Cyprus earthquake
Template:Country data Czech Republic	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[128]
Template:Country data Democratic Republic of the Congo	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[129]
Template:Country data Denmark	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[130]
Template:Country data Djibouti	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[131]
Template:Country data Dominica	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[132]
Template:Country data Dominican Republic	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1946 Dominican Republic earthquake
Template:Country data East Timor	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[133]
Template:Country data Ecuador	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Template:Country data Egypt	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
Template:Country data El Salvador	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[134]
Template:Country data Equatorial Guinea	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[135]
Template:Country data Eritrea	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[136]
Template:Country data Estonia	Template:Nts–4.7 Template:M	Template:Dts	Osmussaar earthquake
Template:Country data Eswatini	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[137]
Template:Country data Ethiopia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[138]
Template:Country data Falkland Islands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[139]
Template:Country data Faroe Islands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[140]
Template:Country data Fiji	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	2018 Fiji earthquakes
Template:Country data Finland	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[141]
Template:Country data France	Template:Nts–6.5 Template:M	Template:Dts	1799 Vendée earthquake
Template:Country data French Guiana	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[142]
Template:Country data French Polynesia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[143]
Template:Country data Gabon	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[144]
Template:Flagicon Georgia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1991 Racha earthquake
Template:Country data Germany	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	1756 Düren earthquake
Template:Country data Ghana	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[145]
Template:Country data Greece	Template:Nts+	Template:Dts	365 Crete earthquake
Template:Country data Greenland	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1933 Baffin Bay earthquake
Template:Country data Grenada	Template:Nts M_s	Template:Dts	^[146]
Template:Country data Guadeloupe	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	1843 Guadeloupe earthquake
Template:Country data Guam	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1993 Guam earthquake
Template:Country data Guatemala	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1942 Guatemala earthquake
Template:Country data Guinea	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1983 Guinea earthquake
Template:Country data Guyana	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[147]
Template:Country data Haiti	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake
Template:Country data Honduras	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[148]
Template:Country data Hong Kong	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[149]
Template:Country data Hungary	Template:Nts–6.5	Template:Dts	1763 Komárom earthquake
Template:Country data Iceland	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[150]
Template:Country data India	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Template:Country data Indonesia	Template:Nts–9.3	Template:Dts	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
Template:Country data Iran	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	856 Damghan earthquake
Template:Country data Iraq	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[151]
Template:Country data Ireland	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[152]
Template:Country data Israel	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Template:Country data Italy	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1693 Sicily earthquake
Template:Country data Jamaica	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	2020 Caribbean earthquake
Template:Country data Japan	Template:Nts–9.1	Template:Dts	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Template:Country data Jersey	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[153]
Template:Country data Jordan	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Template:Country data Kazakhstan	Template:Nts	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	1889 Chilik earthquake & 1911 Kebin earthquake
Template:Country data Kenya	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[154]
Template:Country data Kiribati	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[155]
Template:Country data Kosovo	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	^[156]
Template:Country data Kuwait	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	^[157]^[158]
Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan	Template:Nts	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	1889 Chilik earthquake & 1911 Kebin earthquake
Template:Country data Laos	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[159]
Template:Country data Lebanon	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	551 Beirut earthquake
Template:Country data Liberia	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[160]
Template:Country data Libya	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[161]
Template:Country data Liechtenstein	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[162]
Template:Country data Luxembourg	Template:Nts M_L	Template:Dts	^[163]
Template:Country data Madagascar	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[164]
Template:Country data Malawi	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1989 Malawi earthquake
Template:Country data Malaysia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[165]
Template:Country data Maldives	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[166]
Template:Country data Mali	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[167]
Template:Country data Malta	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[168]
Template:Country data Marshall Islands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[169]
Template:Country data Martinique	Template:Nts–8.0	Template:Dts	1839 Martinique earthquake
Template:Country data Mauritania	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	^[170]^[171]
Template:Country data Mauritius	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[172]
Template:Country data Mayotte	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[173]
Template:Country data Mexico	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1787 New Spain earthquake
Template:Country data Federated States of Micronesia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[174]
Template:Country data Moldova	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[175]
Template:Country data Monaco	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[176]
Template:Country data Mongolia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1905 Bolnai earthquake
Template:Country data Montenegro	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1979 Montenegro earthquake
Template:Country data Morocco	Template:Nts	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	1755 Meknes earthquake & 2023 Al Haouz earthquake
Template:Country data Mozambique	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	2006 Mozambique earthquake
Template:Country data Myanmar	Template:Nts–8.8	Template:Dts	1762 Arakan earthquake
Template:Country data Namibia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[177]
Template:Country data Nepal	Template:Nts–8.8	Template:Dts	1505 Lo Mustang earthquake
Template:Country data Netherlands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1992 Roermond earthquake
Template:Country data New Caledonia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[178]
Template:Country data New Zealand	Template:Nts	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	1855 Wairarapa earthquake^[179]
Template:Country data Nicaragua	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1992 Nicaragua earthquake
Template:Country data Niger	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[180]
Template:Country data Nigeria	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[181]
Template:Country data North Korea	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[182]
Template:Country data North Macedonia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[183]
Template:Country data Northern Mariana Islands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	^[184]^[185]
Template:Country data Norway	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[186]
Template:Country data Oman	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[187]
Template:Country data British Raj	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1945 Balochistan earthquake
Template:Country data Palau	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[188]
Template:Country data Palestine	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake
Template:Country data Panama	Template:Nts–8.3 M_s	Template:Dts	1882 Panama earthquake
Template:Country data Papua New Guinea	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[189]
Template:Country data Paraguay	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[190]
Template:Country data Peru (now part of present-day Chile)	Template:Nts–9.3	Template:Dts	1868 Arica earthquake
Template:Country data Philippines	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1918 Celebes Sea earthquake
Template:Country data Poland	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[191]
Template:Country data Portugal	Template:Nts–9.0	Template:Dts	1755 Lisbon earthquake
Template:Country data Puerto Rico	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1787 Boricua earthquake
Template:Country data Réunion	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[192]
Template:Country data Romania	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1802 Vrancea earthquake
Template:Country data Russia	Template:Nts–9.3	Template:Dts	1737 Kamchatka earthquake
Template:Country data Rwanda	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	2008 Lake Kivu earthquake
Template:Country data Saint Barthélemy	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[193]
Template:Country data Saint Kitts and Nevis	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[194]
Template:Country data Saint Lucia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[195]
Template:Country data Saint Martin	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[196]
Template:Country data Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1929 Grand Banks earthquake
Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[197]
Template:Country data Samoa	Template:Nts–8.5	Template:Dts	1917 Samoa earthquake
Template:Country data São Tomé and Príncipe	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[198]
Template:Country data Saudi Arabia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
Template:Country data Senegal	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[199]
Template:Country data Serbia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[200]
Template:Country data Seychelles	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[201]
Template:Country data Slovakia	Template:Nts–6.5	Template:Dts	1763 Komárom earthquake
Template:Country data Slovenia	Template:Nts M_L	Template:Dts	1895 Ljubljana earthquake
Template:Country data Solomon Islands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	2007 Solomon Islands earthquake
Template:Country data Somalia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[202]
Template:Country data South Africa	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[203]
Template:Country data South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	Template:Nts–8.3	Template:Dts	2021 South Sandwich Islands earthquakes
Template:Country data South Korea	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1681 Yangyang earthquake
Template:Country data South Sudan	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1990 South Sudan earthquakes
Template:Country data Spain	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[84]
Template:Country data Sri Lanka	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[204]
Template:Country data Sudan	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[205]
Template:Country data Switzerland	Template:Nts–7.1	Template:Dts	1356 Basel earthquake
Template:Country data Syria	Template:Nts M_s	Template:Dts	1202 Syria earthquake
Template:Country data Taiwan	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1920 Hualien earthquake
Template:Country data Tajikistan	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1949 Khait earthquake
Template:Country data Tanzania	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[206]
Template:Country data Thailand	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	2014 Mae Lao earthquake
Template:Country data Tonga	Template:Nts–8.5	Template:Dts	1917 Samoa earthquake
Template:Country data Trinidad and Tobago	Template:Nts Template:M	Template:Dts	^[207]
Template:Country data Tunisia	Template:Nts or less	Template:Dts	^[208]
Template:Country data Turkey	Template:Nts–8.0 M_s	Template:Dts	1668 North Anatolia earthquake
Template:Country data Turkmenistan	Template:Nts M_s	Template:Dts	^[209]
Template:Country data Tuvalu	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[210]
Template:Country data Uganda	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[211]
Template:Country data Ukraine	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1927 Crimean earthquakes
Template:Country data United Arab Emirates	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[212]
Template:Country data United Kingdom	Template:Nts M_L	Template:Dts	1931 Dogger Bank earthquake
Template:Country data United States	Template:Nts–9.3	Template:Dts	1964 Alaska earthquake
Template:Country data U.S. Virgin Islands	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami
Template:Country data Uruguay	Template:Nts M_s	Template:Dts	1888 Río de la Plata earthquake
Template:Country data Uzbekistan	Template:Nts M_s	Template:Dts	1907 Qaratog earthquake
Template:Country data Vanuatu	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[213]
Template:Country data Venezuela	Template:Nts–7.7	Template:Dts & Template:Dts	1894 Venezuelan earthquake^[214] & 1900 San Narciso earthquake
Template:Country data Vietnam	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[215]
Template:Country data Wallis and Futuna	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[216]
Template:Country data Yemen	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[217]
Template:Country data Zambia	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[218]
Template:Country data Zimbabwe	Template:Nts	Template:Dts	^[219]

Earthquakes with the most property damage

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This is the top ten major earthquakes by the US dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake.

Rank	Event	Location	Magnitude	Property damage
1	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami	Template:Country data Japan Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Japan	9.1	$360 billion^[220]^[221]
2	1995 Great Hanshin earthquake	Template:Country data Japan Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Japan	6.9	$200 billion^[222]
3	2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes	Template:Country data Turkey Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Country data Ba'athist Syria Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Turkey Syria	7.8	$164 billion^[223]^[224]
4	2008 Sichuan earthquake	Template:Country data China Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". China	7.9	$150 billion^[225]
5	2011 Christchurch earthquake	Template:Country data New Zealand Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". New Zealand	6.3	$40 billion^[226]
6	2004 Chūetsu earthquake	Template:Country data Japan Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Japan	6.6	$28 billion^[227]^[228]
7	2011 Sikkim earthquake	Template:Country data India Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". India	6.9	$22 billion^[229]
8	1999 İzmit earthquake	Template:Country data Turkey Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Turkey	7.6	$20 billion^[227]
9	2009 L'Aquila earthquake	Template:Country data Italy Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Italy	6.3	$16 billion^[230]
10	2012 Northern Italy earthquakes	Template:Country data Italy Template:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Italy	6.1	$16 billion^[231]

Most studied earthquakes

The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.

Template:Refbegin

Rank	Event origin time	ISC Event #	Papers	ISC code	Event
1	2011-03-11 05:46:23	Template:EQ-isc-link	2069	TOHOKU2011	2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2	2008-05-12 06:28:00	Template:EQ-isc-link	1706	WENCHUAN2008	2008 Sichuan earthquake
3	2004-12-26 00:58:52	Template:EQ-isc-link	967	SUMATRA2004	2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
4	1999-09-20 17:47:16	Template:EQ-isc-link	771	CHI-CHI1999	1999 Jiji earthquake
5	1995-01-16 20:46:51	Template:EQ-isc-link	558	SHYOGO1995	1995 Great Hanshin earthquake
6	2010-02-27 06:34:13	Template:EQ-isc-link	551	MAULE2010	2010 Chile earthquake
7	1994-01-17 12:30:54	Template:EQ-isc-link	548	NORTHRIDGE1994	1994 Northridge earthquake
8	2009-04-06 01:32:42	Template:EQ-isc-link	525	LAQUILA2009	2009 L'Aquila earthquake
9	1989-10-18 00:04:14	Template:EQ-isc-link	520	LOMAPRIETA1989	1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
10	2015-04-25 06:11:26	Template:EQ-isc-link	516	GORKHA2015	2015 Nepal earthquake
11	1992-06-28 11:57:35	Template:EQ-isc-link	440	LANDERS1992	1992 Landers earthquake
12	1999-08-17 00:01:38	Template:EQ-isc-link	428	IZMIT1999	1999 İzmit earthquake
13	2016-04-15 16:25:06	Template:EQ-isc-link	366	KUMAMOTO2016	2016 Kumamoto earthquakes
14	2013-04-20 00:02:47	Template:EQ-isc-link	342	LUSHAN2013	2013 Lushan earthquake
15	1964-03-28 03:36:13	Template:EQ-isc-link	333	ALASKA1964	1964 Alaska earthquake
16	1960-05-22 19:11:20	Template:EQ-isc-link	290	VALDIVIA1960	1960 Valdivia earthquake
17	2023-02-06 01:17:34	Template:EQ-isc-link	277	TURKYIE-SYRIA2023	2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
18	2016-08-24 01:36:33	Template:EQ-isc-link	259	AMATRICE2016	2016 Central Italy earthquake
19	2010-09-03 16:35:46	Template:EQ-isc-link	257	DARFIELD2010	2010 Canterbury earthquake
20	2001-01-26 03:16:40	Template:EQ-isc-link	256	BHUJ2001	2001 Gujarat earthquake
21	1985-09-19 13:17:50	Template:EQ-isc-link	253	MEXICOCITY1985	1985 Mexico City earthquake
22	2022-01-15 04:14:45	Template:EQ-isc-link	252	HUNGATONGAHUNGAAPAI2022	2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami
23	2016-11-13 11:02:59	Template:EQ-isc-link	251	KAIKOURA2016	2016 Kaikōura earthquake
24	1971-02-09 14:00:40	Template:EQ-isc-link	244	SANFERNANDO1971	1971 San Fernando earthquake
25	1976-07-27 19:42:53	Template:EQ-isc-link	235	TANGSHAN1976	1976 Tangshan earthquake
26	2003-09-25 19:50:07	Template:EQ-isc-link	221	TOKACHI-OKI2003	2003 Tokachi earthquake
27	2019-07-06 03:19:55	Template:EQ-isc-link	221	RIDGECREST2019B	2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
28	1980-11-23 18:34:52	Template:EQ-isc-link	212	IRPINIA1980	1980 Irpinia earthquake
29	2004-10-23 08:55:58	Template:EQ-isc-link	205	MID-NIIGATA2004	2004 Chūetsu earthquake
30	2012-05-20 02:03:53	Template:EQ-isc-link	205	EMILIA2012A	2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
31	2011-02-21 23:51:42	Template:EQ-isc-link	204	CHRISTCHURCH2011	2011 Christchurch earthquake
32	1976-05-06 20:00:12	Template:EQ-isc-link	199	FRIULI1976	1976 Friuli earthquake
33	2005-03-28 16:09:35	Template:EQ-isc-link	197	NIAS2005	2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake
34	2004-09-28 17:15:24	Template:EQ-isc-link	197	PARKFIELD2004	2004 Parkfield earthquake
35	2023-02-06 10:24:50	Template:EQ-isc-link	195	TURKYIE-SYRIA2023A	2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
36	2016-10-30 06:40:19	Template:EQ-isc-link	194	NORCIA2016	2016 Central Italy earthquakes
37	1923-09-01 02:58:35	Template:EQ-isc-link	193	KANTO1923	1923 Great Kantō earthquake
38	1999-10-16 09:46:45	Template:EQ-isc-link	184	HECTOR-MINE1999	1999 Hector Mine earthquake
39	2005-10-08 03:50:37	Template:EQ-isc-link	181	KASHMIR2005	2005 Kashmir earthquake
40	2017-08-08 13:19:49	Template:EQ-isc-link	178	JUIZHAIGOU2017	2017 Jinghe earthquake
41	2001-11-14 09:26:12	Template:EQ-isc-link	176	KUNLUN2001	2001 Kunlun earthquake
42	2015-09-16 22:54:30	Template:EQ-isc-link	175	ILLAPEL2015	2015 Illapel earthquake
43	2014-04-01 23:46:47	Template:EQ-isc-link	167	IQUIQUE2014	2014 Iquique earthquake
44	2021-05-21 18:04:13	Template:EQ-isc-link	166	MADUO2021	2021 Maduo earthquake
45	1979-10-15 23:16:57	Template:EQ-isc-link	165	IMPERIAL1979	1979 Imperial Valley earthquake
46	2002-11-03 22:12:41	Template:EQ-isc-link	164	DENALI2002	2002 Denali earthquake
47	1999-11-12 16:57:19	Template:EQ-isc-link	162	DUZCE1999	1999 Düzce earthquake
48	2010-04-04 22:40:43	Template:EQ-isc-link	158	EL-MAYOR-CUCAPAH2010	2010 Baja California earthquake
49	2019-07-04 17:33:50	Template:EQ-isc-link	158	RIDGECREST2019A	2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes
50	2010-01-12 21:53:10	Template:EQ-isc-link	157	HAITI2010	2010 Haiti earthquake

Template:Refend

Modified from figure 2, "The most studied events", at the ISC's Overview of the ISC Event Bibliography.

Template:Cite isc 2018.

Lists by time period

By century

By decade

By year

Template:Plainlist Template:Div col

Template:Div col end Template:Endplainlist

Lists by location

By country

Template:Div col

Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Argentina
- Mendoza
Armenia
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
- Sichuan
- Yunnan
Colombia
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Dominican Republic
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Ethiopia
France
Fiji
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Guam
Guatemala
Haiti
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Italy
- Irpinia
Japan
Kosovo
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Mexico
Morocco
Myanmar
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
North Korea
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
Portugal
- Azores
Romania
- Vrancea
Russia
- Kamchatka
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
Serbia
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Thailand
Timor Leste
Tonga
Turkey
United States
- Alaska
- California
- Hawaii
- Illinois
- Montana
- Nevada
- Oklahoma
- Puerto Rico
- South Carolina
- Texas
- Utah
- Washington
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Yemen

Template:Div col end

By region

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project

USGS-ANSS Latest earthquakes around the world
Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
IRIS Seismic Monitor, Recent earthquakes around the world
SeismoArchives, Seismogram Archives of Significant Earthquakes of the World
Recent New Zealand earthquakes
Database for the damage of world earthquake, ancient period (3000 BC) to year of 2006—Building Research Institute (Japan)
20 Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900, USGS
Historic Worldwide Earthquakes, magnitude 6.0 and greater, sorted by magnitude, USGS (archived 2009)

Template:Natural disasters Template:Earthquakes by year Template:List of lists

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[Ambraseys2004-11] Ambraseys, Nicholas N., "The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective" (PDF), Annals of Geophysics, Vol. 47, N. 2/3, April/June 2004, p. 743.

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[20] Haiti Dominates Earthquake Fatalities in 2010 (January 11, 2011), U.S. Geological Survey.

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[22] Report challenges Haiti earthquake death toll (June 1, 2011), BBC.

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[alaska64-33] Template:Cite anss

[34] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[35] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[36] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[37] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[38] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[39] Template:Cite anss

[40] Template:Cite anss

[41] Template:Cite anss

[Carvajal_etal_2017-42] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[Junfang-43] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[44] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[Ringer-45] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[Hoei_1707-46] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[47] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[48] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Hough-49] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[50] Template:Cite anss

[51] Template:Cite anss

[52] Template:Cite anss

[53] Template:Cite anss

[54] Template:Cite anss

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[75] Template:Cite anss

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[77] Template:Cite anss

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[79] Template:Cite anss

[80] Template:Cite anss

[81] Template:Cite anss

[82] Template:Cite anss

[83] Template:Cite anss

[auto-84] Template:Cite anss

[85] Template:Cite anss

[86] Template:Cite anss

[87] Template:Cite anss

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[99] Template:Cite anss

[100] Template:Cite anss

[101] Template:Cite anss

[102] Template:Cite anss

[103] Template:Cite anss

[104] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[105] Template:Cite anss

[106] Template:Cite anss

[107] Template:Cite anss

[108] Template:Cite anss

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[110] Template:Cite anss

[111] Template:Cite anss

[112] Template:Cite anss

[113] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[114] Template:Cite anss

[115] Template:Cite anss

[116] Template:Cite anss

[117] Template:Cite anss

[118] Template:Cite anss

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[129] Template:Cite anss

[130] Template:Cite anss

[131] Template:Cite anss

[132] Template:Cite anss

[133] Template:Cite anss

[134] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[135] Template:Cite anss

[136] Template:Cite anss

[137] Template:Cite anss

[138] Template:Cite anss

[139] Template:Cite anss

[140] Template:Cite anss

[FinLargest-141] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[Assumpçao-142] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[143] Template:Cite anss

[144] Template:Cite anss

[145] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[146] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[147] Template:Cite anss

[148] Template:Cite anss

[149] Template:Cite anss

[150] Template:Cite anss

[Onur_etal_2016-151] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[152] Template:Cite anss

[153] Template:Cite anss

[154] Template:Cite anss

[155] Template:Cite anss

[156] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[157] Template:Cite anss

[158] Template:Cite anss

[159] Template:Cite anss

[160] Template:Cite anss

[161] Template:Cite anss

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[173] Template:Cite anss

[174] Template:Cite anss

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[176] Template:Cite anss

[177] Template:Cite anss

[178] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[179] Template:Cite anss

[180] Template:Cite anss

[181] Template:Cite anss

[182] Template:Cite anss

[183] Template:Cite anss

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[186] Template:Cite anss

[187] Template:Cite anss

[188] Template:Cite anss

[189] Template:Cite anss

[190] Template:Cite anss

[191] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[192] Template:Cite anss

[193] Template:Cite anss

[194] Template:Cite anss

[195] Template:Cite anss

[196] Template:Cite anss

[197] Template:Cite anss

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[199] Template:Cite anss

[200] Template:Cite anss

[201] Template:Cite anss

[202] Template:Cite anss

[203] Template:Cite anss

[204] Template:Cite anss

[205] Template:Cite anss

[206] Template:Cite anss

[207] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[208] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[209] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[210] Template:Cite anss

[211] Template:Cite anss

[212] Template:Cite anss

[213] Template:Cite anss

[Salcedo-Hurtado1-214] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[215] Template:Cite anss

[216] Template:Cite anss

[217] Template:Cite anss

[218] Template:Cite anss

[219] Template:Cite anss

[220] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[221] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[222] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[223] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[224] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[225] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[226] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[NCEI-227] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[228] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[229] Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

[230] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

[NGDC-231] Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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