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“ The seven-day week originated in Judaism” if you look up the 7 day week in Wikipedia it says that the Babylonians created it and was adopted by Judaism. Both statements can’t be true can they?
 
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{{short description|Day of the week}}
{{short description|Day of the week}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Redirect|Sábado|the Portuguese news magazine|Sábado (magazine)}}
[[File:Polidoro da Caravaggio - Saturnus-thumb.jpg|thumb|Saturnus, [[Polidoro da Caravaggio]], 16th century]]
[[File:Polidoro da Caravaggio - Saturnus-thumb.jpg|thumb|Saturnus, [[Polidoro da Caravaggio|Caravaggio]], 16th century]]


'''Saturday''' is the [[day of the week]] between [[Friday]] and [[Sunday]]. No later than the [[2nd century]], the Romans named Saturday {{lang|la|diēs Sāturnī}} ("Saturn's Day") for the god [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]]. His planet, [[Saturn]], controlled the first [[hour]] of that day, according to [[Vettius Valens]].<ref name=days>{{citation |last=Falk |first=Michael |title=Astronomical Names for the Days of the Week |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1999JRASC..93..122F |journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada |volume=93 |pages=122–133 |date=June 1999|bibcode=1999JRASC..93..122F }}</ref><ref name=VettiusValens>{{citation |author=Vettius Valens |author-link=Vettius Valens |translator-last=Riley |translator-first=Mark |title=Anthologies |url=https://www.csus.edu/indiv/r/rileymt/Vettius%20Valens%20entire.pdf |publisher=Sacramento State |year=2010 |orig-year=150–175 |pages=11–12}}</ref> The day's name was introduced into [[West Germanic languages]] and is recorded in the [[Low German]] languages such as [[Middle Low German]] {{lang|gml|satersdach}}, ''saterdach'', [[Middle Dutch]] {{lang|dum|saterdag}} (Modern Dutch {{lang|nl|zaterdag}}), and Old English {{lang|ang|Sæternesdæġ}}, ''Sæterndæġ'' or {{lang|ang|Sæterdæġ}}.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Hoad, TF|title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology|date=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-283098-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00tfho/page/418 418a]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00tfho/page/418}}</ref>
'''Saturday''' is the [[day of the week]] between [[Friday]] and [[Sunday]]. No later than the [[2nd century]], the Romans named Saturday {{lang|la|diēs Sāturnī}} ("Saturn's Day") for the god [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]]. His planet, [[Saturn]], controlled the first [[hour]] of that day, according to [[Vettius Valens]].<ref name=days>{{citation |last=Falk |first=Michael |title=Astronomical Names for the Days of the Week |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1999JRASC..93..122F |journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada |volume=93 |pages=122–133 |date=June 1999|bibcode=1999JRASC..93..122F }}</ref><ref name=VettiusValens>{{citation |author=Vettius Valens |author-link=Vettius Valens |translator-last=Riley |translator-first=Mark |title=Anthologies |url=https://www.csus.edu/indiv/r/rileymt/Vettius%20Valens%20entire.pdf |publisher=Sacramento State |year=2010 |orig-year=150–175 |pages=11–12}}</ref> The day's name was introduced into [[West Germanic languages]], and is recorded in the [[Low German]] languages such as [[Middle Low German]] {{lang|gml|satersdach}}, ''saterdach'', [[Middle Dutch]] {{lang|dum|saterdag}} (Modern Dutch {{lang|nl|zaterdag}}), and Old English {{lang|ang|Sæternesdæġ}}, ''Sæterndæġ'' or {{lang|ang|Sæterdæġ}}.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Hoad, TF|title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology|date=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-283098-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00tfho/page/418 418a]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00tfho/page/418}}</ref>


==Origins==
==Origins==
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{{see also|Names of the days of the week}}
{{see also|Names of the days of the week}}
[[File:Saturn.png|200px|thumb|right|Saturday is named after the planet Saturn, which in turn was named after the Roman god Saturn]]
[[File:Saturn.png|200px|thumb|right|Saturday is named after the planet Saturn, which in turn was named after the Roman god Saturn]]
Between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD, the [[Roman Empire]] gradually replaced the eight-day [[Roman people|Roman]] [[Roman calendar#Nundinal cycle|nundinal cycle]] with the seven-day week. The astrological order of the days was explained by [[Vettius Valens]] and [[Dio Cassius]] (and [[Chaucer]] gave the same explanation in his ''[[Treatise on the Astrolabe]]''). According to these authors, it was a principle of [[astrology]] that the heavenly bodies presided, in succession, over the hours of the day. The association of the weekdays with the respective deities is thus indirect, the days are named for the planets, which were in turn named for the deities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richmond |first=B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwEVAAAAIAAJ&dq=modern%20calendar&pg=PP8 |title=Time Measurement and Calendar Construction |date=1956 |publisher=Brill Archive |language=en}}</ref>
 
The seven-day week originated in Babylon and was adopted by  Judaism, with the seventh day observed as a [[Sabbath]] day. Via the influence of [[Christianity]], the seven-day week was adopted by the [[Roman Empire]], gradually replacing the eight-day [[Roman people|Roman]] [[Roman calendar#Nundinal cycle|nundinal cycle]]
between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. The astrological order of the days was explained by [[Vettius Valens]] and [[Dio Cassius]] (and [[Chaucer]] gave the same explanation in his ''[[Treatise on the Astrolabe]]''). According to these authors, it was a principle of [[astrology]] that the heavenly bodies presided, in succession, over the hours of the day. The association of the weekdays with the respective deities is thus indirect, the days are named for the planets, which were in turn named for the deities.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richmond |first=B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwEVAAAAIAAJ&dq=modern%20calendar&pg=PP8 |title=Time Measurement and Calendar Construction |date=1956 |publisher=Brill Archive |language=en}}</ref>


The [[Germanic peoples]] adapted the system introduced by the Romans but glossed their [[Germanic mythology|indigenous gods]] over the Roman deities in a process known as ''[[interpretatio germanica]]''. In the case of Saturday, however, the Roman name was [[Loanword|borrowed]] directly by West Germanic peoples, apparently because none of the Germanic gods was considered to be a counterpart of the Roman god [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saturday {{!}} Etymology of the name Saturday by etymonline |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Saturday |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=www.etymonline.com |language=en}}</ref> Otherwise [[Old Norse]] and [[Old High German]] did not borrow the name of the Roman god (Icelandic {{lang|is|laugardagur}}, German {{lang|de|Samstag}}).
The [[Germanic peoples]] adapted the system introduced by the Romans but glossed their [[Germanic mythology|indigenous gods]] over the Roman deities in a process known as ''[[interpretatio germanica]]''. In the case of Saturday, however, the Roman name was [[Loanword|borrowed]] directly by West Germanic peoples, apparently because none of the Germanic gods was considered to be a counterpart of the Roman god [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saturday {{!}} Etymology of the name Saturday by etymonline |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Saturday |access-date=2024-11-24 |website=www.etymonline.com |language=en}}</ref> Otherwise [[Old Norse]] and [[Old High German]] did not borrow the name of the Roman god (Icelandic {{lang|is|laugardagur}}, German {{lang|de|Samstag}}).
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==Position in the week==
==Position in the week==
{{see also|Gregorian calendar}}
{{see also|Gregorian calendar}}
The international standard [[ISO 8601]] sets Saturday as the sixth day of the week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO 8601-1:2019(en) Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules |url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en/#iso:std:iso:8601:-1:ed-1:v1:en |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=www.iso.org}}</ref> The three [[Abrahamic religions]] ([[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]]) regard Saturday as the seventh [[week|day of the week]]. As a result, many refused the ISO 8601 standards and continue to use Saturday as their seventh day.
The international standard [[ISO 8601]] sets Saturday as the sixth day of the week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO 8601-1:2019(en) Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules |url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en/#iso:std:iso:8601:-1:ed-1:v1:en |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=www.iso.org}}</ref> The [[Abrahamic religions]] [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]] regard Saturday as the seventh [[week|day of the week]]. As a result, many refused the ISO 8601 standards and continue to use Saturday as their seventh day.


==Saturday Sabbath==
==Saturday Sabbath==
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* [[Saturday-morning cartoon|Saturday morning]] is a notable television time block aimed at children while generally airing animated [[cartoons]], although in the United States, this has generally been phased out due to American television regulations [[E/I|requiring educational content]] be aired, along with Saturday outside activities for children{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
* [[Saturday-morning cartoon|Saturday morning]] is a notable television time block aimed at children while generally airing animated [[cartoons]], although in the United States, this has generally been phased out due to American television regulations [[E/I|requiring educational content]] be aired, along with Saturday outside activities for children{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}}
* Saturday night is also a popular time slot for comedy shows on television in the US. The most famous of these is ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', a sketch comedy show that has aired on NBC nearly every week since 1975. Other notable examples include ''[[Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell]]''.
* Saturday night is also a popular time slot for comedy shows on television in the US. The most famous of these is ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', a sketch comedy show that has aired on NBC nearly every week since 1975. Other notable examples include ''[[Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell]]''.
* Saturday evenings are also a time slot in the [[United Kingdom]], devoted to popular TV shows such as ''[[Strictly Come Dancing]]'', ''[[Britain's Got Talent]]'' and ''[[The X Factor (UK)|The X Factor]]''. Many family game shows, for example ''Total Wipeout'' and ''Hole in the Wall'', also air on a Saturday evening.
* The Grand Final of the popular pan-European TV show, ''[[Eurovision Song Contest]]'', has always aired on a Saturday in May.
* The Grand Final of the popular pan-European TV show, ''[[Eurovision Song Contest]]'', has always aired on a Saturday in May.
* Saturday evenings are a time slot in the [[United Kingdom]], devoted to popular TV shows such as ''[[Strictly Come Dancing]]'', ''[[The Voice UK]]'', and ''[[The X Factor (UK)|The X Factor]]''. Many family game shows, for example ''Total Wipeout'' and ''Hole in the Wall'', also air on a Saturday evening.
* Saturday night is a popular time for [[professional wrestling]] on television in the United States. ''[[WCW Saturday Night]]'' ran weekly under various titles between 1971 and 2000. [[WWE]] ran ''[[Saturday Night's Main Event]]'' television specials between 1985 and 1992, with a second run coming between 2006 and 2008. ''[[AEW Collision]]'' has run weekly since 2023.
* Saturday night is a popular time for [[professional wrestling]] on television in the United States. ''[[WCW Saturday Night]]'' ran weekly under various titles between 1971 and 2000. [[WWE]] ran ''[[Saturday Night's Main Event]]'' television specials between 1985 and 1992, with a second run coming between 2006 and 2008. ''[[AEW Collision]]'' has run weekly since 2023.


Latest revision as of 16:18, 14 November 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses".

File:Polidoro da Caravaggio - Saturnus-thumb.jpg
Saturnus, Polidoro da Caravaggio, 16th century

Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. No later than the 2nd century, the Romans named Saturday Script error: No such module "Lang". ("Saturn's Day") for the god Saturn. His planet, Saturn, controlled the first hour of that day, according to Vettius Valens.[1][2] The day's name was introduced into West Germanic languages, and is recorded in the Low German languages such as Middle Low German Script error: No such module "Lang"., saterdach, Middle Dutch Script error: No such module "Lang". (Modern Dutch Script error: No such module "Lang".), and Old English Script error: No such module "Lang"., Sæterndæġ or Script error: No such module "Lang"..[3]

Origins

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File:Saturn.png
Saturday is named after the planet Saturn, which in turn was named after the Roman god Saturn

The seven-day week originated in Babylon and was adopted by Judaism, with the seventh day observed as a Sabbath day. Via the influence of Christianity, the seven-day week was adopted by the Roman Empire, gradually replacing the eight-day Roman nundinal cycle between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. The astrological order of the days was explained by Vettius Valens and Dio Cassius (and Chaucer gave the same explanation in his Treatise on the Astrolabe). According to these authors, it was a principle of astrology that the heavenly bodies presided, in succession, over the hours of the day. The association of the weekdays with the respective deities is thus indirect, the days are named for the planets, which were in turn named for the deities.[4]

The Germanic peoples adapted the system introduced by the Romans but glossed their indigenous gods over the Roman deities in a process known as interpretatio germanica. In the case of Saturday, however, the Roman name was borrowed directly by West Germanic peoples, apparently because none of the Germanic gods was considered to be a counterpart of the Roman god Saturn.[5] Otherwise Old Norse and Old High German did not borrow the name of the Roman god (Icelandic Script error: No such module "Lang"., German Script error: No such module "Lang".).

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Saturdays are days on which the Theotokos (Mother of God) and All Saints are commemorated, and the day on which prayers for the dead are especially offered, in remembrance that it was on a Saturday that Jesus lay dead in the tomb. The Octoechos contains hymns on these themes, arranged in an eight-week cycle, that are chanted on Saturdays throughout the year. At the end of services on Saturday, the dismissal begins with the words: "May Christ our True God, through the intercessions of his most-pure Mother, of the holy, glorious and right victorious Martyrs, of our reverend and God-bearing Fathers…". For the Orthodox, Saturday — with the sole exception of Holy Saturday — is never a strict fast day. When a Saturday falls during one of the fasting seasons (Great Lent, Nativity Fast, Apostles' Fast, Dormition Fast) the fasting rules are always lessened to an extent. The Great Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross and the Beheading of St. John the Baptist are normally observed as strict fast days, but if they fall on a Saturday or Sunday, the fast is lessened.

Name and associations

Today, Saturday has two names in modern Standard German. The first word, Script error: No such module "Lang"., is always used in Austria, Liechtenstein, and the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and generally used in southern and western Germany. It derives from Old High German Script error: No such module "Lang"., the first part (sambaz) of which derives from Greek Script error: No such module "Lang"., Template:Transliteration and this Greek word derives from Hebrew Script error: No such module "Lang"., Template:Transliteration. However, the current German word for Sabbath is Script error: No such module "Lang".. The second name for Saturday in German is Script error: No such module "Lang"., which derives from Old High German Script error: No such module "Lang"., and is closely related to the Old English word Script error: No such module "Lang".. It means literally "Sun eve", i.e., "The day before Sunday". Script error: No such module "Lang". is generally used in northern and eastern Germany, and was also the official name for Saturday in East Germany. Even if these two names are used regionally differently, they are usually understood at least passively in the other part.

In West Frisian there are also two words for Saturday. In Wood Frisian it is Script error: No such module "Lang"., and in Clay Frisian it is Script error: No such module "Lang"., derived from Script error: No such module "Lang"., a combination of Old Frisian Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning sun and joen, meaning eve.

In the Westphalian dialects of Low Saxon, in East Frisian Low Saxon and in the Saterland Frisian language, Saturday is called Script error: No such module "Lang"., also akin to Dutch Script error: No such module "Lang"., which has the same linguistic roots as the English word Saturday. It was formerly thought that the English name referred to a deity named Sætere who was venerated by the pre-Christian peoples of north-western Germany, some of whom were the ancestors of the Anglo-Saxons. Sætere was identified as either a god associated with the harvest of possible Slav origin,[6] or another name for Loki[7] a complex deity associated with both good and evil; this latter suggestion may be due to Jacob Grimm.[8] Regardless,modern dictionaries derive the name from Saturn.[9][10][11][12]

In most languages of India, Saturday is Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning day, based on Shani, the Hindu god manifested in the planet Saturn. Some Hindus fast on Saturdays to reverse the ill effects of Shani as well as pray to and worship the deity Hanuman.[13][14] In the Thai solar calendar of Thailand, the day is named from the Pali word for Saturn, and the color associated with Saturday is purple.[15] In Pakistan, Saturday is Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning the week. In Eastern Indian languages like Bengali Saturday is called Script error: No such module "Lang"., Template:Transliteration meaning Saturn's Day and is the first day of the Bengali Week in the Bengali calendar. In Islamic countries, Fridays are considered as the last or penultimate day of the week and are holidays along with Thursdays or Saturdays; Saturday is called Script error: No such module "Lang"., Template:Transliteration (cognate to Sabbath) and it is the first day of the week in many Arab countries but is the (second-to-)last day in other Islamic countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and Central Asian countries.

In Japanese, the word Saturday is Script error: No such module "Lang"., Template:Transliteration, meaning 'soil day' and is associated with Script error: No such module "Lang"., Template:Transliteration: Saturn (the planet), literally meaning "soil star". Similarly, in Korean the word Saturday is Script error: No such module "Lang"., Template:Transliteration, also meaning earth day. The element Earth was associated with the planet Saturn in Chinese astrology and philosophy.

The modern Māori name for Saturday, Script error: No such module "Lang"., literally means "washing-day" – a vestige of early colonized life when Māori converts would set aside time on the Saturday to wash their whites for Church on Sunday.[16] A common alternative Māori name for Saturday is the transliteration Script error: No such module "Lang"..

Quakers traditionally referred to Saturday as "Seventh Day", eschewing the "pagan" origin of the name.[17]

In Scandinavian countries, Saturday is called Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., or Script error: No such module "Lang"., the name being derived from the old word laugr/laug (hence Icelandic name Script error: No such module "Lang".), meaning bath, thus Lördag equates to bath-day. This is due to the Viking practice of bathing on Saturdays.[18] The roots lör, laugar and so forth are cognate to the English word lye, in the sense of detergent. The Finnish and Estonian names for the day, Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang"., respectively, are also derived from this term.

Position in the week

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The international standard ISO 8601 sets Saturday as the sixth day of the week.[19] The Abrahamic religions Judaism, Christianity, and Islam regard Saturday as the seventh day of the week. As a result, many refused the ISO 8601 standards and continue to use Saturday as their seventh day.

Saturday Sabbath

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". For Jews, Messianics, Seventh Day Baptists and Seventh-day Adventists, the seventh day of the week, known as Shabbat (or Sabbath for Seventh-day Adventists), stretches from sundown Friday to nightfall Saturday and is the day of rest. Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches distinguish between Saturday (Sabbath) and the Lord's Day (Sunday). Other Protestant groups, such as Seventh-day Adventists, hold that the Lord's Day is the Sabbath, according to the fourth commandment (Exodus 20:8), and not Sunday.

<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work.

— Template:Comma separated entries

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Holy Saturday

Christian religious observance in the Holy Week, before Easter Sunday.

Catholic liturgy and devotions on each Saturday

In the Catholic Church, Saturday is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.[20]

In the Catholic devotion of the Holy Rosary, the Joyful Mysteries are meditated on Saturday and also on Monday throughout the year.

Astrology

Template:Main article In astrology, Saturn is associated with Saturday, its planet's symbol File:Saturn symbol (fixed width).svg, and the astrological signs Capricorn and Aquarius.

In popular culture

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Regional customs

Slang

  • The amount of criminal activities that take place on Saturday nights has led to the expression, "Saturday night special", a pejorative slang term used in the United States and Canada for any inexpensive handgun.

Arts, entertainment, and media

Comics and periodicals

Films

Folk rhymes and folklore

  • In the folk rhyme Monday's Child, "Saturday's child works hard for a living".
  • In another rhyme reciting the days of the week, Solomon Grundy "Died on Saturday".
  • In folklore, Saturday was the preferred day to hunt vampires, because on that day they were restricted to their coffins. It was also believed in the Balkans that someone born on Saturday could see a vampire when it was otherwise invisible, and that such people were particularly apt to become vampire hunters.[27][28] Accordingly, in this context, people born on Saturday were specially designated as Script error: No such module "Lang". in Greek[29] and Script error: No such module "Lang". in Bulgarian;[28] the term has been rendered in English as "Sabbatarians".[29]

Music

Groups
Songs

Television

Video games

Sports

See also

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sisterlinks Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Palgrave, Francis, History of the Anglo-Saxons (1876), William Tegg & Co., London p.43
  7. ↑ Couzens, Reginald C., The Stories of the Months and Days (1923), ch.22
  8. ↑ Grimm, Jacob, Teutonic Mythology (1835), translated by James Steven Stallybrass in 1882 from Deutsche Mythologie, George Bell, London, p. 247.
  9. ↑ "Saturday", Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition (2008).
  10. ↑ "Saturday", Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2013).
  11. ↑ "Saturday", American Heritage Dictionary, Fifth Edition (2011).
  12. ↑ "Saturday". Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed 2013.
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Segaller, Denis (2005). Thai Ways. Bangkok: Silkworm Books. ISBN 9781628400083.
  16. ↑ Rāhoroi - Saturday, Kupu o te Rā
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". In Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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