Apollo asteroid: Difference between revisions

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The '''Apollo asteroids''' are a group of [[near-Earth asteroid]]s named after [[1862 Apollo]], discovered by German astronomer [[Karl Reinmuth]] in the 1930s. They are [[Earth-crosser asteroid|Earth-crossing asteroid]]s that have an orbital [[semimajor axis|semi-major axis]] greater than that of the Earth (a &gt; 1 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]) but [[perihelion]] distances less than the Earth's [[aphelion]] distance (q < 1.017 AU).<ref name="NEO-groups" /><ref name="Wolfram-Apollo" />
The '''Apollo asteroids''' are a group of [[near-Earth asteroid]]s named after [[1862 Apollo]], discovered by German astronomer [[Karl Reinmuth]] in the 1930s. They are [[Earth-crosser asteroid|Earth-crossing asteroid]]s that have an orbital [[semimajor axis|semi-major axis]] greater than that of the Earth (a &gt; 1 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]) but [[perihelion]] distances less than the Earth's [[aphelion]] distance (q < 1.017 AU).<ref name="NEO-groups" /><ref name="Wolfram-Apollo" />


{{As of|2025|01}}, the number of known Apollo asteroids is 21,083, making the class the largest group of [[near-Earth object]]s (''cf''. the [[Aten asteroid|Aten]], [[Amor asteroid|Amor]] and [[Atira asteroid|Atira]] asteroids), of which 1,742 are [[Minor planet designation|numbered]] (asteroids are not numbered until they have been observed at two or more [[Opposition (planets)|oppositions]]), 81 are named, and 2,130 are identified as [[potentially hazardous asteroids]].<ref name="ssd-jpl">{{cite web |title=Small-Body Database Query |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_query.html#!#results |website=Solar System Dynamics – Jet Propulsion Laboratory |publisher=NASA – California Institute of Technology |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=List of Apollo Minor Planets |url=https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/Apollos.html |website=IAU Minor Planet Center |publisher=Center for Astrophysics |access-date=2025-01-17}}</ref>
{{As of|2025|01}}, the number of known Apollo asteroids is 21,083, making the class the largest group of [[near-Earth object]]s (''cf''. the [[Aten asteroid|Aten]], [[Amor asteroid|Amor]] and [[Atira asteroid|Atira]] asteroids), of which 1,742 are [[Minor planet designation|numbered]] (asteroids are not numbered until they have been observed at two or more [[Opposition (planets)|oppositions]]), 81 are named, and 2,130 are identified as [[potentially hazardous asteroids]].<ref name="ssd-jpl">{{cite web |title=Small-Body Database Query |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_query.html#! |website=Solar System Dynamics – Jet Propulsion Laboratory |publisher=NASA – California Institute of Technology |access-date=2025-01-17 |archive-date=2021-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927184129/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_query.html#! |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=List of Apollo Minor Planets |url=https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/Apollos.html |website=IAU Minor Planet Center |publisher=Center for Astrophysics |access-date=2025-01-17 |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529003007/https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/Apollos.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


The closer their semi-major axis is to Earth's, the less [[Eccentricity (orbit)|eccentricity]] is needed for the [[orbit]]s to cross. The [[Chelyabinsk meteor]], that exploded over the city of [[Chelyabinsk#2013 meteor|Chelyabinsk]] in the southern Urals region of Russia on February 15, 2013, injuring an estimated 1,500 people with flying glass from broken windows, was an Apollo-class [[asteroid]].<ref name="USA-Today-Chelyabinsk" /><ref name="NewScientist-Chelyabinsk" />
The closer their semi-major axis is to Earth's, the less [[Eccentricity (orbit)|eccentricity]] is needed for the [[orbit]]s to cross. The [[Chelyabinsk meteor]], that exploded over the city of [[Chelyabinsk#2013 meteor|Chelyabinsk]] in the southern Urals region of Russia on February 15, 2013, injuring an estimated 1,500 people with flying glass from broken windows, was an Apollo-class [[asteroid]].<ref name="USA-Today-Chelyabinsk" /><ref name="NewScientist-Chelyabinsk" />
Apollo asteroids are generally named after [[Greek deities]].<ref name="BAN315">{{Citation|url=https://badastronomy.beehiiv.com/p/ban-315-apophis-and-stargate|title=Apophis and Stargate|work=Bad Astronomy Newsletter|first=Phil|last=Phait|issue=315|date=19 April 2021|access-date=11 August 2025}}</ref>


== List ==
== List ==
Line 18: Line 20:
! Discoverer/First observed&thinsp;<sup>(A)</sup>
! Discoverer/First observed&thinsp;<sup>(A)</sup>
! Ref
! Ref
|-
| {{mpl|2025 PU}} || align=center |2025 || [[Zwicky Transient Facility]] || {{MPC|2025+PU}}
|-
|-
|-
| {{mpl|2024 PT|5}} || align=center | 2024 || [[Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System|ATLAS-SAAO]] || {{MPC|2024+PT5}}
| {{mpl|2024 PT|5}} || align=center | 2024 || [[Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System|ATLAS-SAAO]] || {{MPC|2024+PT5}}
Line 154: Line 159:
: LINEAR: [[Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research]]
: LINEAR: [[Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research]]
: CSS : [[Catalina Sky Survey]]
: CSS : [[Catalina Sky Survey]]
: [[Spacewatch]], on Kitt Peak, near Tucson, Arizona<ref>{{citation |url=http://spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu/ |title=The Spacewatch Project |publisher=Arizona Board of Regents |year=2010}}</ref>
: [[Spacewatch]], on Kitt Peak, near Tucson, Arizona<ref>{{citation |url=http://spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu/ |title=The Spacewatch Project |publisher=Arizona Board of Regents |year=2010 |access-date=2015-08-16 |archive-date=2017-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718190912/http://spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<sup>(B)</sup>&thinsp;'''Classification''':<br />
<sup>(B)</sup>&thinsp;'''Classification''':<br />
: [[2011 MD]] is classified as Amor, not Apollo asteroid by the MPC
: [[2011 MD]] is classified as Amor, not Apollo asteroid by the MPC
Line 169: Line 174:


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|refs =
<references>
 
<ref name="NEO-groups">{{cite web
<ref name="NEO-groups">{{cite web
   |title      = Near-Earth Object Groups
   |title      = Near-Earth Object Groups
Line 180: Line 184:
   |access-date= 11 November 2016}}</ref>
   |access-date= 11 November 2016}}</ref>


<ref name="Wolfram-Apollo">{{cite web
<ref name="Wolfram-Apollo">{{cite web |last      = Weisstein |first       = Eric |title       = Apollo Asteroid |publisher       = Wolfram Research |url       = http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/ApolloAsteroid.html |access-date       = 27 February 2013 |archive-date      = 28 January 2016 |archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20160128104457/http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/ApolloAsteroid.html |url-status      = live }}</ref>
  |last      = Weisstein |first=Eric
  |title     = Apollo Asteroid
  |publisher = Wolfram Research
  |url       = http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/ApolloAsteroid.html
  |access-date = 27 February 2013}}</ref>


<ref name="USA-Today-Chelyabinsk">{{cite web
<ref name="USA-Today-Chelyabinsk">{{cite web
  |first     = Matt |last=Cantor
|first       = Matt
  |title     = Scientists figure out Russia meteor's origin
|last         = Cantor
  |work       = USA Today
|title       = Scientists figure out Russia meteor's origin
  |date       = 26 February 2013
|work         = USA Today
  |url       = https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/02/26/meteor-russia-apollo-space/1948673/
|date         = 26 February 2013
  |access-date = 11 November 2016}}</ref>
|url         = https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/02/26/meteor-russia-apollo-space/1948673/
|access-date = 11 November 2016
|archive-date = 20 April 2019
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20190420144548/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/02/26/meteor-russia-apollo-space/1948673/
|url-status  = live
}}</ref>


<ref name="NewScientist-Chelyabinsk">{{cite web
<ref name="NewScientist-Chelyabinsk">{{cite web
  |author     = Jacob Aron
|author       = Jacob Aron
  |title     = Russian meteor traced to Apollo asteroid family
|title       = Russian meteor traced to Apollo asteroid family
  |work       = New Scientist
|work         = New Scientist
  |date       = 26 February 2013
|date         = 26 February 2013
  |url       = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23213-russian-meteor-traced-to-apollo-asteroid-family/
|url         = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23213-russian-meteor-traced-to-apollo-asteroid-family/
  |access-date = 11 November 2016}}</ref>
|access-date = 11 November 2016
 
|archive-date = 13 July 2024
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20240713095516/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23213-russian-meteor-traced-to-apollo-asteroid-family/
|url-status  = live
}}</ref>
</references> <!-- end of reflist -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/Apollos.html List of Apollo minor planets]
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/Apollos.html List of Apollo minor planets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204222902/http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/Apollos.html |date=2014-12-04 }}


{{Asteroids}}
{{Asteroids}}

Latest revision as of 13:28, 18 November 2025

Template:Short description

File:Neo orbit types.jpg
Common orbital subgroups of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs)

The Apollo asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids named after 1862 Apollo, discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth in the 1930s. They are Earth-crossing asteroids that have an orbital semi-major axis greater than that of the Earth (a > 1 AU) but perihelion distances less than the Earth's aphelion distance (q < 1.017 AU).[1][2]

Template:As of, the number of known Apollo asteroids is 21,083, making the class the largest group of near-Earth objects (cf. the Aten, Amor and Atira asteroids), of which 1,742 are numbered (asteroids are not numbered until they have been observed at two or more oppositions), 81 are named, and 2,130 are identified as potentially hazardous asteroids.[3][4]

The closer their semi-major axis is to Earth's, the less eccentricity is needed for the orbits to cross. The Chelyabinsk meteor, that exploded over the city of Chelyabinsk in the southern Urals region of Russia on February 15, 2013, injuring an estimated 1,500 people with flying glass from broken windows, was an Apollo-class asteroid.[5][6]

Apollo asteroids are generally named after Greek deities.[7]

List

The largest known Apollo asteroid is 1866 Sisyphus, with a diameter of about 8.5 km. Examples of known Apollo asteroids include:

Designation Year Discoverer/First observed (A) Ref
Template:Mpl 2025 Zwicky Transient Facility Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2024 ATLAS-SAAO Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2019 ATLAS-HKO Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2016 NEOWISE Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2014 CSS Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2013 CSS Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2013 CSS Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2011 LINEAR Template:MPC(B)
Template:Mpl 2011 CSS–Mount Lemmon Survey Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2010 LINEAR Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2009 CSS Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2009 Siding Spring Observatory, Australia Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2008 LINEAR Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 2008 CSS Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2008 CSS–Mount Lemmon Survey Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2007 CSS Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2007 CSS Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2007 CSS Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2007 CSS–Mount Lemmon Survey Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2006 Spacewatch Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 2006 LINEAR Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 2006 Spacewatch Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 2005 R. S. McMillan, Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak, USA Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 2005 Mount Lemmon Survey Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2005 LONEOS Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2004 LINEAR Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2004 LINEAR Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 2004 LINEAR Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 2004 LINEAR Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 2003 James Whitney Young Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2003 James Whitney Young Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 2002 LINEAR Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 2002 LINEAR Template:LoMP
54509 YORP 2000 LINEAR Template:LoMP
162173 Ryugu 1999 LINEAR Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 1999 LINEAR Template:LoMP
101955 Bennu 1999 LINEAR (Bennu is the target of the OSIRIS-REx mission) Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 1998 Spacewatch Template:MPC
Template:Mpl 1997 LINEAR Template:LoMP
65803 Didymos 1996 Spacewatch Template:LoMP
69230 Hermes 1937 Karl Reinmuth Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 1999 LINEAR Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 1998 LINEAR Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 1997 Spacewatch Template:LoMP
25143 Itokawa 1998 LINEAR Template:LoMP
(136617) 1994 CC 1994 Spacewatch Template:LoMP
Template:Mpl 1996 R. H. McNaught, Siding Spring Observatory, Australia Template:LoMP
6489 Golevka 1991 Eleanor F. Helin Template:LoMP
4769 Castalia 1989 Eleanor F. Helin Template:LoMP
4660 Nereus 1982 Eleanor F. Helin Template:LoMP
4581 Asclepius 1989 Henry E. Holt, Norman G. Thomas Template:LoMP
4486 Mithra 1987 Eric Elst, Vladimir Shkodrov Template:LoMP
14827 Hypnos 1986 Carolyn S. Shoemaker, Eugene Merle Shoemaker Template:LoMP
4197 Morpheus 1982 Eleanor F. Helin, Eugene Merle Shoemaker Template:LoMP
4183 Cuno 1959 Cuno Hoffmeister Template:LoMP
4179 Toutatis 1989 Christian Pollas Template:LoMP
4015 Wilson–Harrington   1979 Eleanor F. Helin Template:LoMP
3200 Phaethon 1983 Simon F. Green, John K.Davies / IRAS Template:LoMP
2063 Bacchus 1977 Charles T. Kowal Template:LoMP
1866 Sisyphus 1972 Paul Wild Template:LoMP
1620 Geographos 1951 Albert George Wilson, Rudolph Minkowski Template:LoMP
(29075) 1950 DA 1950 Carl A. Wirtanen Template:LoMP
1566 Icarus 1949 Walter Baade Template:LoMP
1685 Toro 1948 Carl A. Wirtanen Template:LoMP
2101 Adonis 1936 Eugène Joseph Delporte Template:LoMP
1862 Apollo 1932 Karl Reinmuth Template:LoMP
(A) Discoverer:
A discoverer is determined by the MPC when the object is numbered. For unnumbered bodies, the table gives the "first observer".
LINEAR: Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research
CSS : Catalina Sky Survey
Spacewatch, on Kitt Peak, near Tucson, Arizona[8]

(B) Classification:

2011 MD is classified as Amor, not Apollo asteroid by the MPC

See also

References

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Template:Asteroids Script error: No such module "Navbox".

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