Congress: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Formal meeting of representatives of different countries, states, organizations, etc.}}
{{Short description|Formal meeting of representatives}}
{{about|the forum|other uses}}
{{about|the forum|other uses}}
[[File:Europa Congres Ridderzaal Den Haag. Overzicht, Bestanddeelnr 902-7379.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Meeting in the [[Ridderzaal|Hall of Knights]] in [[The Hague]] during the [[Congress of Europe]], 1948]]
[[File:Europa Congres Ridderzaal Den Haag. Overzicht, Bestanddeelnr 902-7379.jpg|thumb|Meeting in the [[Ridderzaal|Hall of Knights]] in [[The Hague]] during the [[Congress of Europe]], 1948]]


A '''congress''' is a formal meeting of the [[Representative democracy|representatives]] of different [[countries]], constituent states, organizations, [[trade unions]], [[political party|political parties]], or other groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/congress |title=congress |work=Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online |publisher=[[Longman]] |location=London |access-date=June 12, 2013 |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615135447/https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/congress |url-status=live }}</ref> The term originated in [[Late Middle English]] to denote an [[wikt:encounter|encounter]] (meeting of adversaries) during battle, from the [[Latin]] ''[[wikt:congressus|congressus]]''.<ref>{{cite web| title=congress |url= https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/congress |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160925012628/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/congress  |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 25, 2016 |work=Oxford English Dictionary Online| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]| location=Oxford |access-date=March 9, 2018}}</ref>
A '''congress''' is a formal meeting of the [[Representative democracy|representatives]] of different [[countries]], constituent states, organizations, [[trade unions]], [[political party|political parties]], or other groups.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/congress |title=congress |work=Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online |publisher=[[Longman]] |location=London |access-date=June 12, 2013 |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615135447/https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/congress |url-status=live }}</ref> The term originated in [[Late Middle English]] to denote an [[wikt:encounter|encounter]] (meeting of adversaries) during battle, from the [[Latin]] ''[[wikt:congressus|congressus]]''.<ref>{{cite web| title=congress |url= https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/congress |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160925012628/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/congress  |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 25, 2016 |work=Oxford English Dictionary Online| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]| location=Oxford |access-date=March 9, 2018}}</ref>
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===Legislatures===
===Legislatures===
[[File:Buenos Aires-Plaza Congreso-Pensador de Rodin.jpg|thumb|285x285px|[[Argentine National Congress]] in [[Buenos Aires]]]]
[[File:Buenos Aires-Plaza Congreso-Pensador de Rodin.jpg|thumb|[[Argentine National Congress]] in [[Buenos Aires]]]]


====[[presidential system|Presidential]] and [[semi-presidential system]]s====
====[[presidential system|Presidential]] and [[semi-presidential system]]s====
In the mid-1770s, the [[Thirteen Colonies|British colonies]] that became the United States of America adopted for their joint [[Convention (meeting) | convention]] the word "Congress" - to emphasize each colony's status as a [[State (polity)|state]] in its own right.{{cn|date=July 2024}} The term has since been adopted by many [[Sovereign state| countries]] to refer to their [[legislature]]s.
In the mid-1770s, the [[Thirteen Colonies|British colonies]] that became the United States of America adopted for their joint [[Convention (meeting) | convention]] the word "Congress" - to emphasize each colony's status as a [[State (polity)|state]] in its own right.{{cn|date=July 2024}} The term has been adopted by many [[Sovereign state| countries]] to refer to their [[legislature]]s.
*The [[United States Congress]] is the bicameral legislative branch of the [[United States federal government]].
*The [[United States Congress]] is the bicameral legislative branch of the [[United States federal government]].
**The [[Continental Congress]] (1774–1781) was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the [[Congress of the Confederation]] (1781–1789), legislature of the [[United States]] under the [[Articles of Confederation]].
**The [[Continental Congress]] (1774–1781) was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the [[Congress of the Confederation]] (1781–1789), legislature of the [[United States]] under the [[Articles of Confederation]].
**The [[Confederate States Congress]] of 1861–1865 operated in the [[Confederate States of America]] during the [[American Civil War]].
**The [[Confederate States Congress]] of 1861–1865 operated in the [[Confederate States of America]] during the [[American Civil War]].
*The [[Congress of Guatemala]] (Spanish: ''Congreso de la República'') is the [[unicameral legislature]] of [[Guatemala]].
*The [[Congress of Guatemala]] ({{langx | es | Congreso de la República}}) is the [[unicameral legislature]] of [[Guatemala]].
*The [[National Congress of Honduras]] (Spanish: ''Congreso nacional'') is the legislative branch of the government of [[Honduras]].
*The [[National Congress of Honduras]] ({{langx | es | Congreso nacional}}) is the legislative branch of the government of [[Honduras]].
*The [[Congress of Mexico]] ({{langx|es|Congreso de la Unión}}) is the legislative branch of [[Mexico|Mexican]] government.
*The [[Congress of Mexico]] ({{langx|es|Congreso de la Unión}}) is the legislative branch of the [[Mexico|Mexican]] government.
*The [[Congress of Paraguay]] is the bicameral legislature of [[Paraguay]].
*The [[Congress of Paraguay]] is the bicameral legislature of [[Paraguay]].
*The [[Argentine National Congress|Congress of the Argentine Nation]] (Spanish: ''Congreso de la Nación Argentina'') is the legislative branch of the government of [[Argentina]].
*The [[Argentine National Congress|Congress of the Argentine Nation]] ({{langx | es | Congreso de la Nación Argentina}}) is the legislative branch of the government of [[Argentina]].
*The [[Congress of the Dominican Republic]] is the [[bicameral legislature]] of the [[Dominican Republic]].
*The [[Congress of the Dominican Republic]] is the [[bicameral legislature]] of the [[Dominican Republic]].
*The [[Palau National Congress]] ([[Palauan language|Palauan]]: ''Olbiil era Kelulau'') is the bicameral legislative branch of the [[Republic of Palau]].
*The [[Palau National Congress]] ([[Palauan language|Palauan]]: ''Olbiil era Kelulau'') is the bicameral legislative branch of the [[Republic of Palau]].
*The [[Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia]] is the unicameral legislature of the [[Federated States of Micronesia]].
*The [[Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia]] is the unicameral legislature of the [[Federated States of Micronesia]].
*The [[Congress of the Philippines]] ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: ''Kongreso ng Pilipinas'') is the legislative branch of the [[Philippines|Philippine]] government.
*The [[Congress of the Philippines]] ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: ''Kongreso ng Pilipinas'') is the legislative branch of the [[Philippines|Philippine]] government.
*The [[Congress of Peru|Congress of the Republic of Peru]] (Spanish: ''Congreso de la República'') is the unicameral legislature of [[Peru]].
*The [[Congress of Peru|Congress of the Republic of Peru]] ({{langx | es | Congreso de la República}}) is the unicameral legislature of [[Peru]].
*The [[Congress of Colombia]] (Spanish: ''Congreso de la República'') is the bicameral legislature of [[Colombia]].
*The [[Congress of Colombia]] ({{langx | es | Congreso de la República}}) is the bicameral legislature of [[Colombia]].
*The [[National Congress of Bolivia]] was the national legislature of [[Bolivia]] before being replaced by the [[Plurinational Legislative Assembly]].
*The [[National Congress of Bolivia]] was the national legislature of [[Bolivia]] before being replaced by the [[Plurinational Legislative Assembly]].
*The [[National Congress of Brazil]] ({{langx|pt|Congresso Nacional}}) is the bicameral legislature of Brazil.
*The [[National Congress of Brazil]] ({{langx|pt|Congresso Nacional}}) is the bicameral legislature of Brazil.
*The [[National Congress of Chile]] (Spanish: ''Congreso Nacional'') is the legislative branch of the government of [[Chile]].
*The [[National Congress of Chile]] ({{langx | es | Congreso Nacional}}) is the legislative branch of the government of [[Chile]].
*The [[National Congress of Ecuador]] was the unicameral legislature of [[Ecuador]] before being replaced by the [[National Assembly (Ecuador)|National Assembly]].
*The [[National Congress of Ecuador]] was the unicameral legislature of [[Ecuador]] before being replaced by the [[National Assembly (Ecuador)|National Assembly]].
*France:
*France:
**The [[Congress of the French Parliament]] refers specifically to when both houses of France's legislature sit together as a single body, usually at the Palace of Versailles, to vote on revisions to the Constitution, to listen to an address by the President of the French Republic, and, in the past, to elect the President of the Republic
**The [[Congress of the French Parliament]] refers specifically to when both houses of France's legislature sit together as a single body, usually at the Palace of Versailles, to vote on revisions to the Constitution, to listen to an address by the President of the French Republic, and, in the past, to elect the President of the Republic.
**The [[Congress of New Caledonia]] is the national legislature under the semi-presidential system of the autonomous [[sui generis collectivity | collectivity]].
**The [[Congress of New Caledonia]] is the national legislature under the semi-presidential system of the autonomous [[sui generis collectivity]].


====Non-presidential systems====
====Non-presidential systems====
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*[[Pakistan]]
*[[Pakistan]]
**[[Peoples Revolutionary Congress Pakistan]]
**[[Peoples Revolutionary Congress Pakistan]]
**[[Pakistan Christian Congress]]
*[[Sierra Leone]]
*[[Sierra Leone]]
**[[All People's Congress]]
**[[All People's Congress]]

Latest revision as of 23:01, 10 October 2025

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File:Europa Congres Ridderzaal Den Haag. Overzicht, Bestanddeelnr 902-7379.jpg
Meeting in the Hall of Knights in The Hague during the Congress of Europe, 1948

A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups.[1] The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of adversaries) during battle, from the Latin congressus.[2]

Political congresses

International relations

The following congresses were formal meetings of representatives of different nations:

Legislatures

File:Buenos Aires-Plaza Congreso-Pensador de Rodin.jpg
Argentine National Congress in Buenos Aires

Presidential and semi-presidential systems

In the mid-1770s, the British colonies that became the United States of America adopted for their joint convention the word "Congress" - to emphasize each colony's status as a state in its own right.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The term has been adopted by many countries to refer to their legislatures.

Non-presidential systems

Parties

Many political parties have a party congress every few years to make decisions for the party and elect governing bodies, while others call it a party convention. Congress is included in the name of several political parties, especially those in former British colonies:

Political organizations

Labor congresses

Religious Congresses

Non-political congresses

Congress is an alternative name for a large national or international academic conference. For instance, the World Congress on Men's Health is an annual meeting on men's medical issues.

Organizations in some athletic sports, such as bowling, have historically been named "congresses". The predecessors to the United States Bowling Congress (formed in 1995) were the American Bowling Congress (founded in 1895) and the Women's International Bowling Congress (founded in 1927).

File:Chess congress, Ormskirk.jpg
Chess congress

A chess congress is a chess tournament, in one city, where a large number of contestants gather to play competitive chess over a limited period of time; typically one day to one week, or more.

ICCA Congress & Exhibition

References

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External links

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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