Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa: Difference between revisions

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{{Bahraini royal family}}
{{Bahraini royal family}}
'''Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa'''{{efn|{{langx|ar|حمد بن عيسى بن سلمان آل خليفة}} ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|Ḥamad bin ʿĪsā bin Salmān Āl Khalīfa}}''}} (born 28 January 1950) is [[Bahrain|King of Bahrain]] since 1999. He is a member of the ruling [[House of Khalifa|Al Khalifa dynasty]].
'''Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa'''{{efn|{{langx|ar|حمد بن عيسى بن سلمان آل خليفة}} ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|Ḥamad bin ʿĪsā bin Salmān Āl Khalīfa}}''}} (born 28 January 1950) is [[King of Bahrain]] since 1999. He is a member of the ruling [[House of Khalifa|Al Khalifa dynasty]].


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Line 77: Line 77:


== Reign ==
== Reign ==
{{further|Human rights in Bahrain}}On the death of his father Isa, Hamad became [[Emir of Bahrain]] on 6 March 1999.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news |date=2018-11-12 |title=Bahrain profile – Timeline |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14541322 |access-date=2021-03-12 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> As Emir, Hamad brought several political reforms to Bahrain. These included the release of all political prisoners, the dissolution of the State Security Court and the abolition of the [[State Security Law in Bahrain|1974 Decree on State Security Measures]]. Additionally, many Bahraini citizens were permitted to return after several years in exile overseas.<ref name="AI_Bahr_promising">{{cite web|title=Bahrain: Promising human rights reform must continue |publisher=Amnesty International |date=13 March 2001 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde11/005/2001/en/ |access-date=9 February 2011}}</ref> In 2002, he declared himself [[king]]. He enjoys wide executive authorities which include appointing the [[Prime Minister of Bahrain|prime minister]] and his [[Cabinet of Bahrain|ministers]], commanding the army, chairing the [[Judiciary of Bahrain|Higher Judicial Council]], appointing the [[National Assembly of Bahrain|parliament]]'s [[Consultative Council of Bahrain|upper half]] and dissolving its elected [[Council of Representatives of Bahrain|lower half]].<ref name="Fr 15.2.2011"/>{{rp|page=. 15}}
{{further|Human rights in Bahrain}}
[[File:Hamad bin Issa Al Khalifa et Bush.jpg|thumb|right|President [[George W. Bush]] welcomes Hamad to the [[Oval Office]] on 29 November 2004]]
On the death of his father Isa, Hamad became [[Emir of Bahrain]] on 6 March 1999.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news |date=2018-11-12 |title=Bahrain profile – Timeline |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14541322 |access-date=2021-03-12 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> As Emir, Hamad brought several political reforms to Bahrain. These included the release of all political prisoners, the dissolution of the State Security Court and the abolition of the [[State Security Law in Bahrain|1974 Decree on State Security Measures]]. Additionally, many Bahraini citizens were permitted to return after several years in exile overseas.<ref name="AI_Bahr_promising">{{cite web|title=Bahrain: Promising human rights reform must continue |publisher=Amnesty International |date=13 March 2001 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde11/005/2001/en/ |access-date=9 February 2011}}</ref> In 2002, he declared himself [[king]]. He enjoys wide executive authorities which include appointing the [[Prime Minister of Bahrain|prime minister]] and his [[Cabinet of Bahrain|ministers]], commanding the army, chairing the [[Judiciary of Bahrain|Higher Judicial Council]], appointing the [[National Assembly of Bahrain|parliament]]'s [[Consultative Council of Bahrain|upper half]] and dissolving its elected [[Council of Representatives of Bahrain|lower half]].<ref name="Fr 15.2.2011"/>{{rp|page=. 15}}


=== Political turmoil ===
=== Political turmoil ===
After Hamad took power in 1999, he focused on attaining stability in a nation riddled with profound tensions after the [[1990s uprising]]. The King succeeded in improving the living standards and in making Bahrain a financial hub. During the period 2003–2010 the [[Shi'ite]] community accused his government of [[Corruption in Bahrain|corruption]], [[Human rights in Bahrain#Oppression of Shia|discrimination]] in housing and jobs, recruiting foreigners to the military services and bringing Sunni tribes from Asia to [[Al Bandar report|change the demographic composition]] of the nation.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}
After Hamad took power in 1999, he focused on attaining stability in a nation riddled with profound tensions after the [[1990s uprising]]. The King succeeded in improving the living standards and in making Bahrain a financial hub. During the period 2003–2010 the [[Shi'ite]] community accused his government of [[Corruption in Bahrain|corruption]], [[Human rights in Bahrain#Oppression of Shia|discrimination]] in housing and jobs, recruiting foreigners to the military services and bringing Sunni tribes from Asia to change the demographic composition of the nation.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}


Although King Hamad's reign has seen the admittance of Shi'ites into positions in the government, there have still been calls for a more equitable distribution of positions and jobs. The [[Al Khalifa family]] lead a large number of ministerial and governmental posts including the Ministry of the Interior,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interior.gov.bh/default_en.aspx|title=Ministry of Interior|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> Ministry of Justice,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moj.gov.bh/en/defaultf692.html?action=category&ID=255|title=MoJ Ministers and Undersecretaries' Names|access-date=17 March 2013|archive-date=23 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923224821/http://www.moj.gov.bh/en/defaultf692.html?action=category&ID=255|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Ministry of Finance,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mof.gov.bh/ArticleDetail.asp|title=MoF Welcome Message|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> the Ministry of Culture,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moc.gov.bh/en/header/TheMinistry/|title=MoC Organisation Chart|access-date=17 March 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329174741/http://www.moc.gov.bh/en/header/TheMinistry/|archive-date=29 March 2013}}</ref> the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?|title=MoFA Organizational Structure|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> the Bahrain Economic Development Board<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bahrainedb.com/directors-board.aspx|title=BEDB Directors|access-date=17 March 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421080715/http://www.bahrainedb.com/directors-board.aspx|archive-date=21 April 2013}}</ref> and the Supreme Council for Women.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scw.gov.bh/page.aspx?|title=Supreme Council for Women|access-date=17 March 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217221513/http://www.scw.gov.bh/page.aspx?page_key=organizational_structure_eng&lang=en |archive-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> The vast majority of significant positions in the [[Bahrain Defence Force]] are held by [[Sunni]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/193091.pdf |title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2011 |publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]] |access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref>
Although King Hamad's reign has seen the admittance of Shi'ites into positions in the government, there have still been calls for a more equitable distribution of positions and jobs. The [[Al Khalifa family]] lead a large number of ministerial and governmental posts including the Ministry of the Interior,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interior.gov.bh/default_en.aspx|title=Ministry of Interior|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> Ministry of Justice,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moj.gov.bh/en/defaultf692.html?action=category&ID=255|title=MoJ Ministers and Undersecretaries' Names|access-date=17 March 2013|archive-date=23 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923224821/http://www.moj.gov.bh/en/defaultf692.html?action=category&ID=255|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Ministry of Finance,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mof.gov.bh/ArticleDetail.asp|title=MoF Welcome Message|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> the Ministry of Culture,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moc.gov.bh/en/header/TheMinistry/|title=MoC Organisation Chart|access-date=17 March 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329174741/http://www.moc.gov.bh/en/header/TheMinistry/|archive-date=29 March 2013}}</ref> the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?|title=MoFA Organizational Structure|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> the Bahrain Economic Development Board<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bahrainedb.com/directors-board.aspx|title=BEDB Directors|access-date=17 March 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421080715/http://www.bahrainedb.com/directors-board.aspx|archive-date=21 April 2013}}</ref> and the Supreme Council for Women.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scw.gov.bh/page.aspx?|title=Supreme Council for Women|access-date=17 March 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217221513/http://www.scw.gov.bh/page.aspx?page_key=organizational_structure_eng&lang=en |archive-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> The vast majority of significant positions in the [[Bahrain Defence Force]] are held by [[Sunni]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/193091.pdf |title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2011 |publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]] |access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref>
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=== Foreign relations ===
=== Foreign relations ===
The king was invited by the British court to the [[wedding of Prince William]], but declined amidst protests by human rights activists, who had pledged to disrupt his stay in Britain because of his violent response to demonstrators.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/hindu-jain-sikh-muslim-leaders-invited-to-royal-wedding/articleshow/8088464.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|title=Hindu, Jain, Sikh, Muslim leaders invited to royal wedding|date=26 April 2011}}</ref> On 18 September 2022, he met with King [[Charles III]] at [[Buckingham Palace]], London, to express condolences ahead of the [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/culture/royal-watch/arab-royals-at-queen-elizabeth-ii-funeral |title=Queen Elizabeth II's Funeral: Arab Royals Pay Their Respects Ahead of The Ceremony |date=2022-09-19 |magazine=Harper's Bazaar |access-date=2022-10-24 |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Isaac Herzog state visit to Bahrain, December 2022 (ABG4).jpeg|thumb|260px|Israeli President [[Isaac Herzog]] during a state visit to Bahrain with King Hamad, December 2022]]In August 2020, King Hamad explained to visiting U.S. Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] that Bahrain was committed to the creation of a [[Palestinian state]], implicitly rejecting the normalization of ties with [[Israel]].<ref>{{cite news |date=26 August 2020 |title=Bahrain rejects U.S. push to normalise relations with Israel |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/bahrain-rejects-push-normalise-relations-israel-200826143913425.html |access-date=26 August 2020 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> However, on 11 September 2020, it was announced that Bahrain and Israel had [[Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement|agreed]] to establish full diplomatic relations.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 September 2020 |title=Bahrain establishing full diplomatic relations with Israel, Trump announces |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bahrain-to-establish-full-diplomatic-relations-with-israel-trump-announces/#gs.fvk8xw |newspaper=The Times of Israel}}</ref> On 15 September 2020, Bahrain officially opened state to state relations with Israel, signing diplomatic agreements at a public ceremony at the [[White House]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |date=15 September 2020 |title=Israel, Bahrain And UAE Sign Deals Formalizing Ties At White House |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/15/913164450/israel-bahrain-and-uae-sign-deals-formalizing-ties-at-white-house |access-date=2020-09-15 |newspaper=NPR}}</ref>  On 2 November 2023, Bahrain recalled its ambassador to Israel, seemingly in response to the [[Gaza war]].<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2023 |title=Bahrain recalls ambassador from Israel amid escalating assault on Gaza |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/2/bahrain-recalls-ambassador-from-israel-amid-escalating-assault-on-gaza |access-date=2 November 2023 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>
[[File:Isaac Herzog state visit to Bahrain, December 2022 (ABG4).jpeg|thumb|Israeli President [[Isaac Herzog]] during a state visit to Bahrain with King Hamad, December 2022]]
[[File:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa met with Ahmed al-Sharaa, May 2025.jpg|thumb|King Hamad with Syrian President [[Ahmed al-Sharaa]], May 2025]]
The king was invited by the British court to the [[wedding of Prince William]], but declined amidst protests by human rights activists, who had pledged to disrupt his stay in Britain because of his violent response to demonstrators.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/hindu-jain-sikh-muslim-leaders-invited-to-royal-wedding/articleshow/8088464.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|title=Hindu, Jain, Sikh, Muslim leaders invited to royal wedding|date=26 April 2011}}</ref> On 18 September 2022, he met with King [[Charles III]] at [[Buckingham Palace]], London, to express condolences ahead of the [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II|state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/culture/royal-watch/arab-royals-at-queen-elizabeth-ii-funeral |title=Queen Elizabeth II's Funeral: Arab Royals Pay Their Respects Ahead of The Ceremony |date=2022-09-19 |magazine=Harper's Bazaar |access-date=2022-10-24 |language=en}}</ref>In August 2020, King Hamad explained to visiting U.S. Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] that Bahrain was committed to the creation of a [[Palestinian state]], implicitly rejecting the normalization of ties with [[Israel]].<ref>{{cite news |date=26 August 2020 |title=Bahrain rejects U.S. push to normalise relations with Israel |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/bahrain-rejects-push-normalise-relations-israel-200826143913425.html |access-date=26 August 2020 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> However, on 11 September 2020, it was announced that Bahrain and Israel had [[Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement|agreed]] to establish full diplomatic relations.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 September 2020 |title=Bahrain establishing full diplomatic relations with Israel, Trump announces |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bahrain-to-establish-full-diplomatic-relations-with-israel-trump-announces/#gs.fvk8xw |newspaper=The Times of Israel}}</ref> On 15 September 2020, Bahrain officially opened state to state relations with Israel, signing diplomatic agreements at a public ceremony at the [[White House]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |date=15 September 2020 |title=Israel, Bahrain And UAE Sign Deals Formalizing Ties At White House |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/15/913164450/israel-bahrain-and-uae-sign-deals-formalizing-ties-at-white-house |access-date=2020-09-15 |newspaper=NPR}}</ref>  On 2 November 2023, Bahrain recalled its ambassador to Israel, seemingly in response to the [[Gaza war]].<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2023 |title=Bahrain recalls ambassador from Israel amid escalating assault on Gaza |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/2/bahrain-recalls-ambassador-from-israel-amid-escalating-assault-on-gaza |access-date=2 November 2023 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref>


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==

Latest revision as of 09:49, 25 June 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:Family name hatnote Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox royalty Template:Infobox royal styles Template:Bahraini royal family Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al KhalifaTemplate:Efn (born 28 January 1950) is King of Bahrain since 1999. He is a member of the ruling Al Khalifa dynasty.

Early life and education

Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa was born on 28 January 1950 in Riffa, Bahrain.[1] His parents were Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, then Crown Prince, and Hessa bint Salman Al Khalifa.[2]

After attending Manama secondary school in Bahrain, Hamad was sent to England to attend Applegarth College in Godalming, Surrey before taking a place at The Leys School in Cambridge. Hamad then underwent military training, first with the British Army at Mons Officer Cadet School at Aldershot in Hampshire, graduating in September 1968.[1] Four years later, in June 1972, Hamad attended the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in Kansas, graduating the following June with a degree in leadership.[3]

Crown prince

Hamad was designated as heir apparent by his father on 27 June 1964. In 1968, he was appointed as the chairman of the irrigation council and Manama municipal council. He was commissioned into the Bahrain National Guard on 16 February 1968 and appointed as its commander the same year, remaining in that post until 1969 when he was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Bahrain Defence Force. In 1970, Hamad became the head of the Bahraini department of defence and the vice-chairman of the administrative council, remaining in both offices until 1971. From 1971 to 1988 he was the minister of state for defence.[4]

In October 1977, Sheikh Hamad started learning to fly helicopters, successfully completing the training in January 1978.[5]

He then worked to establish the Bahrain Amiri Air Force,[3] which came into being at the height of the Tanker War in 1987 when the defence force air wing was reconstituted as an air force.[5]

Reign

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File:Hamad bin Issa Al Khalifa et Bush.jpg
President George W. Bush welcomes Hamad to the Oval Office on 29 November 2004

On the death of his father Isa, Hamad became Emir of Bahrain on 6 March 1999.[6] As Emir, Hamad brought several political reforms to Bahrain. These included the release of all political prisoners, the dissolution of the State Security Court and the abolition of the 1974 Decree on State Security Measures. Additionally, many Bahraini citizens were permitted to return after several years in exile overseas.[7] In 2002, he declared himself king. He enjoys wide executive authorities which include appointing the prime minister and his ministers, commanding the army, chairing the Higher Judicial Council, appointing the parliament's upper half and dissolving its elected lower half.[8]Template:Rp

Political turmoil

After Hamad took power in 1999, he focused on attaining stability in a nation riddled with profound tensions after the 1990s uprising. The King succeeded in improving the living standards and in making Bahrain a financial hub. During the period 2003–2010 the Shi'ite community accused his government of corruption, discrimination in housing and jobs, recruiting foreigners to the military services and bringing Sunni tribes from Asia to change the demographic composition of the nation.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Although King Hamad's reign has seen the admittance of Shi'ites into positions in the government, there have still been calls for a more equitable distribution of positions and jobs. The Al Khalifa family lead a large number of ministerial and governmental posts including the Ministry of the Interior,[9] Ministry of Justice,[10] the Ministry of Finance,[11] the Ministry of Culture,[12] the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,[13] the Bahrain Economic Development Board[14] and the Supreme Council for Women.[15] The vast majority of significant positions in the Bahrain Defence Force are held by Sunnis.[16]

2011 Bahraini uprising

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". On 11 February 2011, King Hamad ordered that 1,000 Bahraini Dinars (approximately US$2,667) be given to "each family" to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the National Action Charter referendum. Agence France-Presse linked the BD1,000 payments to 14 February 2011 demonstration plans.[17]

On 14 February 2011, the ninth anniversary of the writing of the Constitution of 2002, Bahrain was rocked by protests inspired by the Arab Spring and co-ordinated by a Facebook page named "Day of Rage in Bahrain", a page that was liked by tens of thousands just one week after its creation. The Bahrain government responded with what has been described as a "brutal" crackdown[18][19][20] on the protests, including violations of human rights that caused anger. Later on, demonstrators demanded that Hamad step down.[21] As a result of this "massive" crackdown, Foreign Policy Magazine classified him as ranking 3rd out of 8 of "America's Unsavory Allies" calling him "one of the bad guys the U.S. still supports".[22]

On 15 February 2011, Hamad apologized for the deaths of two demonstrators in a rare TV speech and urged an investigation into the incident.[8] Two days later, four protesters were killed and hundreds wounded when protesters were attacked in Pearl Roundabout at 03:00 am local time. The Pearl Roundabout was evacuated and encircled by the Bahraini army. Two days later, Prince Salman, Hamad's son, ordered the withdrawal of army troops from there after the death of another protester caused by live ammunition next to Pearl roundabout.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". As protests intensified toward the end of the month,[23] King Hamad was forced to offer concessions in the form of the release of political prisoners[24] and the dismissal of three government ministers.[25]

During the peak of the Bahraini uprising in mid March 2011, Hamad declared a State of National Safety for three months just after Salman summoned Peninsula Shield Force troops to enter Bahrain. Saudi Arabia deployed about 1,000 troops with armoured support, and the United Arab Emirates deployed about 500 troops. Opposition parties reacted strongly, calling it an "occupation". Hamad, however, claimed that he deployed the troops to "protect infrastructure and to secure key installations".[26][27]

In June 2011, Hamad commissioned the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry, headed by respected human rights lawyer M. Cherif Bassiouni, to look into the events surrounding the unrest. The establishment of the BICI was praised by Barack Obama and the international community[28][29] as a step towards establishing responsibility and accountability for the events of the 2011–2012 Bahraini uprising. The BICI reported its findings in November 2011 and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton "commend[ed] King Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa's initiative in commissioning it".[30] In August 2012, Amnesty International stated that "the government's response has only scratched the surface of these issues. Reforms have been piecemeal, perhaps aiming to appease Bahrain's international partners, and have failed to provide real accountability and justice for the victims".[31]

Foreign relations

File:Isaac Herzog state visit to Bahrain, December 2022 (ABG4).jpeg
Israeli President Isaac Herzog during a state visit to Bahrain with King Hamad, December 2022
File:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa met with Ahmed al-Sharaa, May 2025.jpg
King Hamad with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa, May 2025

The king was invited by the British court to the wedding of Prince William, but declined amidst protests by human rights activists, who had pledged to disrupt his stay in Britain because of his violent response to demonstrators.[32] On 18 September 2022, he met with King Charles III at Buckingham Palace, London, to express condolences ahead of the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II.[33]In August 2020, King Hamad explained to visiting U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo that Bahrain was committed to the creation of a Palestinian state, implicitly rejecting the normalization of ties with Israel.[34] However, on 11 September 2020, it was announced that Bahrain and Israel had agreed to establish full diplomatic relations.[35] On 15 September 2020, Bahrain officially opened state to state relations with Israel, signing diplomatic agreements at a public ceremony at the White House in Washington, D.C.[36] On 2 November 2023, Bahrain recalled its ambassador to Israel, seemingly in response to the Gaza war.[37]

Personal life

Hamad has four wives and has had in total twelve children: seven sons and five daughters.[38]

  • He married his first wife (also his first cousin), Sheikha Sabika bint Ibrahim Al Khalifa, at Rifa'a on 9 October 1968. She is Bahraini and together they have three sons and one daughter:
  • His second wife, Sheikha Sheia bint Hassan Al Khrayyesh Al Ajmi is from Kuwait. Together they have two sons:
  • His third wife, Sheikha Hessa bint Faisal bin Muhammad bin Shuraim Al Marri, with whom he has one son and two daughters:
    • Sheikha Munira bint Hamad Al Khalifa (born 15 July 1990)
    • Sheikh Faisal bin Hamad Al Khalifa (12 February 1991 – 12 January 2006), died in a car accident.
    • Sheikha Noura bint Hamad Al Khalifa (born 6 November 1993)
  • His fourth wife, Sheikha Manal bint Jabor Al Naimi, with whom he has one son and two daughters:
    • Sheikh Sultan bin Hamad Al Khalifa (born 1997)
    • Sheikha Hessa bint Hamad Al Khalifa (born 2000)
    • Sheikha Rima bint Hamad Al Khalifa (born 2002)

Honours and awards

King Hamad has received numerous honours from:

Ancestry

Template:Ahnentafel

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Notes

Template:Notelist

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:S-endTemplate:Arab country leadersTemplate:Current sovereignsTemplate:Bahraini uprising (2011–present)Template:Arab SpringTemplate:Monarchs of BahrainTemplate:Authority control
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Born: 28 January 1950
Regnal titles
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Emir of Bahrain
1999–2002 Template:S-ttl/check 		Became King
New title King of Bahrain
2002–present Template:S-ttl/check 		Incumbent
Heir apparent:
Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Law, Bill (6 April 2011) "Police Brutality Turns Bahrain Into 'Island of Fear' Crossing Continents (via BBC News) Retrieved 15 April 2011
  19. ↑ Press release (30 March 2011) "USA Emphatic Support to Saudi Arabia" Zayd Alisa (via Scoop) Retrieved 15 April 2011
  20. ↑ Cockburn, Patrick (18 March 2011) "The Footage That Reveals the Brutal Truth About Bahrain's Crackdown – Seven Protest Leaders Arrested as Video Clip Highlights Regime's Ruthless Grip on Power" The Independent Retrieved 15 April 2011
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ "Urgent action: Bahraini activist sentenced to three years" Amnesty International 21 August 2012 Retrieved 22 August 2012
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Bahraini King holds talks with Sultan of Oman
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Template:Cite tweet
  52. ↑ Exiles ask King Charles to rescind honour awarded to king of Bahrain
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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