Typical warbler: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of birds}} | {{Short description|Genus of birds}} | ||
{{Automatic taxobox | {{Automatic taxobox | ||
| name = Typical warblers | | name = Typical warblers | ||
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A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study using [[mitochondrial]] DNA sequence data published in 2011 found that the species in the genus ''Sylvia'' formed two distinct clades.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Voelker | first1=Gary | last2=Light | first2=Jessica E. | year=2011 | title=Palaeoclimatic events, dispersal and migratory losses along the Afro-European axis as drivers of biogeographic distribution in ''Sylvia'' warblers | journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume=11 | issue=163 | page=163 | doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-163 | doi-access=free | pmid=21672229 | pmc=3123607| bibcode=2011BMCEE..11..163V }}</ref> Based on these results, the ornithologists [[Edward C. Dickinson|Edward Dickinson]] and [[Leslie Christidis]] in the fourth edition of ''[[Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World]]'', chose to split the genus and moved most of the species into a resurrected genus ''[[Curruca]]'' retaining only the [[Eurasian blackcap]] and the [[garden warbler]] in ''Sylvia''. In an additional change they moved the [[African hill babbler]] from ''Horizorhinus'' and [[Dohrn's warbler]] from ''Pseudoalcippe'' into ''Sylvia''.<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Christidis | editor-first2=L. | editor2-link=Leslie Christidis | year=2014 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 2: Passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-2-2 | page=509 }}</ref> The split was at first not made by the [[British Ornithologists' Union]] on the grounds that "a split into two genera would unnecessarily destabilize nomenclature and results in only a minor increase in phylogenetic information content",<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Sangster | first1=G. | display-authors=etal | author1-link=George Sangster | year=2016 | title=Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: 11th report | journal=Ibis | volume=158 | issue=1 | pages=206–212 | doi=10.1111/ibi.12322 | doi-access=}}</ref> but then later accepted in 2021.<ref name="BOURC2021">{{cite journal | title=British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee (BOURC): 52nd Report (January 2021) | journal=Ibis | volume=163 | issue=1 | date=2021 | issn=0019-1019 | doi=10.1111/ibi.12900 | doi-access=free | pages=305–308 }}</ref> | A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study using [[mitochondrial]] DNA sequence data published in 2011 found that the species in the genus ''Sylvia'' formed two distinct clades.<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Voelker | first1=Gary | last2=Light | first2=Jessica E. | year=2011 | title=Palaeoclimatic events, dispersal and migratory losses along the Afro-European axis as drivers of biogeographic distribution in ''Sylvia'' warblers | journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume=11 | issue=163 | page=163 | doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-163 | doi-access=free | pmid=21672229 | pmc=3123607| bibcode=2011BMCEE..11..163V }}</ref> Based on these results, the ornithologists [[Edward C. Dickinson|Edward Dickinson]] and [[Leslie Christidis]] in the fourth edition of ''[[Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World]]'', chose to split the genus and moved most of the species into a resurrected genus ''[[Curruca]]'' retaining only the [[Eurasian blackcap]] and the [[garden warbler]] in ''Sylvia''. In an additional change they moved the [[African hill babbler]] from ''Horizorhinus'' and [[Dohrn's warbler]] from ''Pseudoalcippe'' into ''Sylvia''.<ref>{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Christidis | editor-first2=L. | editor2-link=Leslie Christidis | year=2014 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 2: Passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-2-2 | page=509 }}</ref> The split was at first not made by the [[British Ornithologists' Union]] on the grounds that "a split into two genera would unnecessarily destabilize nomenclature and results in only a minor increase in phylogenetic information content",<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Sangster | first1=G. | display-authors=etal | author1-link=George Sangster | year=2016 | title=Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: 11th report | journal=Ibis | volume=158 | issue=1 | pages=206–212 | doi=10.1111/ibi.12322 | doi-access=}}</ref> but then later accepted in 2021.<ref name="BOURC2021">{{cite journal | title=British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee (BOURC): 52nd Report (January 2021) | journal=Ibis | volume=163 | issue=1 | date=2021 | issn=0019-1019 | doi=10.1111/ibi.12900 | doi-access=free | pages=305–308 }}</ref> | ||
===Pseudoalcippe=== | |||
[[File:African Hill Babbler - Kenya S4E9067 (19493757201).jpg|thumb|right|[[African hill babbler]], ''S. abyssinica'', previously ''Pseudoalcippe abyssinica'']] | |||
'''''Pseudoalcippe''''' was erected by the English ornithologist [[David Armitage Bannerman]] in 1923.<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Bannerman | first=David Armitage | author-link=David Armitage Bannerman | year=1923 | title=''Pseudoalcippe'' | journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club | volume=44 | page=26 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40499223 }}</ref> The [[type species]] is the Ruwenzori hill babbler. The genus contained two [[species]]:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2017 | title=Sylviid babblers, parrotbills & white-eyes | work=World Bird List Version 7.3 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/sylvias/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=7 September 2017 }}</ref> | |||
* [[African hill babbler]] (formerly ''Pseudoalcippe abyssinica'') | |||
* [[Rwenzori hill babbler]] (formerly ''Pseudoalcippe atriceps'') | |||
These two species were previously considered as members of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Timaliidae]] (Old World babblers) but [[molecular phylogenetic]] studies have shown that they are closely related to species belonging to the genus ''Sylvia'' in the family [[Sylviidae]].<ref name=cibois>{{ cite journal | last1=Cibois | first1=Alice | year=2003 | title=Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of babblers (Timaliidae) | journal=The Auk | volume=120 | issue=1 | pages=35–54 | doi= 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0035:MDPOBT]2.0.CO;2 | jstor=4090138 | s2cid=85629890 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Voelker | first1=Gary | last2=Light | first2=Jessica E. | year=2011 | title=Palaeoclimatic events, dispersal and migratory losses along the Afro-European axis as drivers of biogeographic distribution in ''Sylvia'' warblers | journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume=11 | issue=163 | page=163 | doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-163 | doi-access=free | pmid=21672229 | pmc=3123607| bibcode=2011BMCEE..11..163V }}</ref> Both species are now placed in ''Sylvia''.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Collar | first1=N. | last2=Robson | first2=C. | year=2017 | title=Ruwenzori Hill-babbler (''Sylvia atriceps'') | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=http://www.hbw.com/node/59386 | accessdate=8 September 2017 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Collar | first1=N. | last2=Robson | first2=C. | year=2017 | title=African Hill-babbler (''Sylvia abyssinica'') | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=http://www.hbw.com/node/59385 | accessdate=27 August 2017 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> | |||
===Extant species=== | ===Extant species=== | ||
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{{Passerida|S.|state=collapsed}} | {{Passerida|S.|state=collapsed}} | ||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1293045}} | {{Taxonbar|from=Q1293045|from2=Q10809242}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
[[Category:Sylvia (bird)| ]] | [[Category:Sylvia (bird)| ]] | ||
[[Category:Taxa named by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli]] | [[Category:Taxa named by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:55, 29 June 2025
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
The typical warblers are small birds belonging to the genus Sylvia in the "Old World warbler" (or sylviid warbler) family Sylviidae.[1][2]
There are seven species in the genus.[1][2][3][4] Typical warblers occur in the temperate to tropical regions of Europe, western and central Asia, and Africa, with the highest species diversity centred on the Mediterranean.
They are strongly built, with stouter legs and a slightly thicker bill than many other warblers. The plumage is in varying shades of grey and brown, usually darker above and paler below, with bluish or pinkish tones in several species; several also have orange-brown or rufous fringed wing feathers. The tail is square-ended in most, slightly rounded in a few, and in several species has white sides. Many of the species show some sexual dimorphism, with distinctive male and female plumages, with the males in many having black or bright grey on the heads, replaced by brown, brownish-grey or similar dusky colours in females; about a third of the species also have a conspicuous red eye ring in males. Species breeding in cool temperate regions are strongly migratory, while most of those in warmer regions are partially migratory or resident. They are active warblers usually associated with open woodland, scrub, hedges or shrubs. Their diet is largely insectivorous, though several species also eat fruit extensively, mainly small berries such as elder and ivy, particularly from late summer to late winter; one species (blackcap) also frequently takes a wide variety of human-provided foods on birdtables in winter.[2][5]
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus Sylvia was introduced in 1769 by the Italian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli.[6] Scopoli did not specify a type species but this was designated as the Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1828.[7][8] The genus name is from Modern Latin silvia, a woodland sprite, related to silva meaning "a wood".[9]
The typical warblers are now known to form a major lineage in a clade containing also the parrotbills and some taxa formerly considered to be Old World babblers.[10][11] The other "Old World warblers" have been moved to their own families, entirely redelimiting the Sylviidae.[12]
A molecular phylogenetic study using mitochondrial DNA sequence data published in 2011 found that the species in the genus Sylvia formed two distinct clades.[13] Based on these results, the ornithologists Edward Dickinson and Leslie Christidis in the fourth edition of Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, chose to split the genus and moved most of the species into a resurrected genus Curruca retaining only the Eurasian blackcap and the garden warbler in Sylvia. In an additional change they moved the African hill babbler from Horizorhinus and Dohrn's warbler from Pseudoalcippe into Sylvia.[14] The split was at first not made by the British Ornithologists' Union on the grounds that "a split into two genera would unnecessarily destabilize nomenclature and results in only a minor increase in phylogenetic information content",[15] but then later accepted in 2021.[16]
Pseudoalcippe
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Pseudoalcippe was erected by the English ornithologist David Armitage Bannerman in 1923.[17] The type species is the Ruwenzori hill babbler. The genus contained two species:[18]
- African hill babbler (formerly Pseudoalcippe abyssinica)
- Rwenzori hill babbler (formerly Pseudoalcippe atriceps)
These two species were previously considered as members of the family Timaliidae (Old World babblers) but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that they are closely related to species belonging to the genus Sylvia in the family Sylviidae.[19][20] Both species are now placed in Sylvia.[21][22]
Extant species
The genus as currently circumscribed includes the following species:[23]
- Eurasian blackcap Sylvia atricapilla
- Garden warbler Sylvia borin
- Dohrn's warbler Sylvia dohrni
- Abyssinian catbird Sylvia galinieri
- Bush blackcap Sylvia nigricapillus
- African hill babbler Sylvia abyssinica
- Rwenzori hill babbler Sylvia atriceps
References
Further reading
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External links
- Typical warbler videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Template:Passerida Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A., & Christie, D. (editors). (2006). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ Helbig, A. J. (2001). The characteristics of the genus: Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Sylvia. Pages 24–28 in: Shirihai, H., Gargallo, G., Helbig, A. J., & Harris, A. Sylvia Warblers. Helm Identification Guides Template:ISBN
- ↑ Jønsson, K. A. & Fjeldså, J. (2006). A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). Zool. Scripta 35 (2): 149–186. Script error: No such module "doi". (HTML abstract)
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