View source for Voiceless palatal lateral fricative

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨𝼆⟩ or ⟨ʎ̝̊⟩ in IPA}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=June 2018}}
{{infobox IPA
|above=Voiceless palatal lateral fricative
|ipa symbol=𝼆
|ipa symbol2=ʎ̥˔
|decimal1=122630
|imagefile=IPA Unicode 1xDF06.svg
|imagesize=150px
}}
{{Infobox IPA
|above=Voiceless palatal lateral approximant
|ipa symbol=ʎ̥
|ipa number=157 402A
|xsampa=L_0
|soundfile=
}}

The '''voiceless palatal lateral fricative''' is a type of [[consonant]]al sound, used in a few [[Speech communication|spoken]] [[language]]s.

This sound is somewhat rare; [[Dahalo language|Dahalo]] has both a palatal lateral fricative and an [[affricate consonant|affricate]]; [[Hadza language|Hadza]] has a series of palatal lateral affricates. In [[Bura language|Bura]], it is the realization of palatalized {{IPA|/ɬʲ/}} and contrasts with {{IPA|[ʎ]}}.

The [[Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet|extensions to the IPA]] transcribes this sound with the letter {{angbr IPA|𝼆}} ({{angbr IPA|ʎ}} with a belt, analogous to {{angbr_IPA|ɬ}} for the [[voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives|voiceless alveolar lateral fricative]]), which was added to Unicode in 2021.

If distinction is necessary, the '''voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative''' may be transcribed as {{angbr IPA|ɬ̠ʲ}} ([[Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted|retracted]] and [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] {{angbr IPA|ɬ}}) or as advanced {{angbr IPA|𝼆̟}}; these are essentially equivalent, since the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are <code>K_-_j</code> or <code>K_-'</code> and <code>L_0_+_r</code>, respectively. A non-IPA letter {{angbr IPA|ȴ̊˔}} (devoiced and raised {{angbr IPA|ȴ}}, which is an ordinary "l", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives {{angle brackets|{{IPA link|ɕ}}, {{IPA link|ʑ}}}}) can be used.

Some scholars also posit a '''voiceless palatal lateral approximant''' distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as {{angbr IPA|ʎ̥}}.

==Features==
Features of the voiceless palatal lateral fricative:

{{fricative}}
{{palatal}}
{{voiceless short}}
{{oral}}
{{lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}

==Occurrence==
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| Language
! Word
! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! Meaning
! Notes
|-
|colspan=2| [[Bura language|Bura]]
|{{example needed|date=June 2018}}
|
|
| Contrasts with /l, ʎ, ɬ, ɮ, ʎ̝̊/.
|-
|colspan=2| [[Dahalo language|Dahalo]]
|colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[𝼆aːbu]}}
| 'leaf'
| Contrasts with {{IPAblink|ɬ}} and {{IPA|[ɬʷ]}}
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Faroese language|Faroese]]{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|p=115}}
| {{lang|fo|[[Faroese orthography|kjá'''l'''ki]]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃʰaʎ̥t͡ʃɪ]}}
| 'jaw'
| Allophone of {{IPA|/l/}}.{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|p=115}} See [[Faroese phonology]]
|-
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | [[Inupiaq language|Inupiaq]]{{sfnp|MacLean|1980|p=XX}}
| {{lang|ik|sik'''ł̣'''aq}}
| {{IPA|[sik𝼆̟ɑq]}}
| 'pickaxe'
| rowspan=2 | Alveolo-palatal;{{sfnp|MacLean|1980|p=XX}} also described as an approximant.{{sfnp|Kaplan|1981|p=29}} Contrasts with voiceless {{IPAslink|ɬ}} and voiced {{IPAslink|ʎ}} and {{IPAslink|l}}.
|-
| {{lang|ik|nuiŋi'''ł̣ł̣'''uni}}
| {{IPA|[nuiŋi𝼆̟ːuni]}}
| 'because it did not appear'
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Kumeyaay language|Kumeyaay]]{{sfnp|Langdon|1966|p=33}}
| {{lang|dih|ka'''ły'''əxwiiw}}
| {{IPA|[kɑ𝼆əxʷeːw]}}
| 'skunk'
| Rare in word-initial position.{{sfnp|Langdon|1966|p=33}} Contrasts with voiceless {{IPAslink|ɬ}} and voiced {{IPAslink|ʎ}} and {{IPAslink|l}}.
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
| Trondheim subdialect of [[Trøndersk]]{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=37}}
| {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|a'''l'''t]]}}
| {{IPA|[ɑʎ̥c]}}
| 'everything, all'
| Allophone of {{IPA|/ʎ/}} before {{IPA|/c/}}.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=37}} See [[Norwegian phonology]]
|-
| Some subdialects of [[Trøndersk]]{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=37}}
| {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|ta'''tl'''e]]}}
| {{IPA|[tɑʎ̥]}}
| 'acting silly'
| According to some scholars,<ref>Such as {{Harvcoltxt|Vanvik|1979}}</ref><ref>An example of a scholar disagreeing with this position is {{Harvcoltxt|Scholtz|2009}}. On page 15, she provides a phoneme chart for Trøndersk, in which {{IPA|/ʎ/}} is included. Under the phoneme chart she writes "Vanvik also lists {{IPA|/ʎ̥/}} as an underlying phoneme, but that’s ridiculous." She provides no further explanation for that.</ref> it is a phoneme that contrasts with {{IPA|/ʎ/}} (as in {{IPA|/tɑʎ/}} 'softwood'.){{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=37}} See [[Norwegian phonology]]
|-
| colspan=2 | [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]]{{sfnp|Mac Gill-Fhinnein|1966|p=11}}
| {{lang|no|[[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|coi'''ll'''tean]]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈkʰɤiʎ̥tʲən]}}
| 'woods'
| Allophone of {{IPA|/ʎ/}} before {{IPA|/tʲ/}}.{{sfnp|Mac Gill-Fhinnein|1966|p=11}}
|-
|colspan=2| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|pp=154–155}}
| {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|di'''l''']]}}
| {{IPA|[ˈd̟iʎ̟̊]}}
| 'tongue'
| Devoiced allophone of alveolo-palatal {{IPA|/l/}}, frequent finally and before voiceless consonants.{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|pp=154–155}} See [[Turkish phonology]]
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Xumi language|Xumi]]
| Lower{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|pp=365, 367–368}}
| colspan=2 align=center | {{IPA|[ʎ̥˖o˦]}}
| 'spirit'
| rowspan=2 | Described as an approximant. Alveolo-palatal; contrasts with the voiced {{IPA|/ʎ/}}.{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|pp=365, 367–368}}{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|Kocjančič Antolík|2013|pp=382–383}}
|-
| Upper{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|Kocjančič Antolík|2013|pp=382–383}}
| colspan=2 align=center | {{IPA|[ʎ̥˖ɛ˦]}}
| 'flavorless'
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation
|last=Árnason
|first=Kristján
|title=The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese
|year=2011
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=978-0-19-922931-4
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Chirkova
|first1=Katia
|last2=Chen
|first2=Yiya
|year=2013
|title=Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=43
|issue=3
|pages=363–379
|doi=10.1017/S0025100313000157
|doi-access=free
}}
* {{citation
|last1=Chirkova
|first1=Katia
|last2=Chen
|first2=Yiya
|last3=Kocjančič Antolík
|first3=Tanja
|year=2013
|title=Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=43
|issue=3
|pages=381–396
|doi=10.1017/S0025100313000169
|doi-access=free
}}
* {{citation
|last=Grønnum
|first=Nina
|year=2005
|title=Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk
|edition=3rd
|publisher=Akademisk Forlag
|place=Copenhagen
|isbn=87-500-3865-6
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RtCAgAAQBAJ
}}
* {{citation
|last=Mac Gill-Fhinnein
|first=Gòrdan
|year=1966
|title=Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas
|publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
|place=Dublin
|isbn=978-1-85500-215-9
}}
*{{Cite thesis |last=Langdon |first=Margaret |title=A Grammar of Diegueño: The Mesa Grande Dialect |degree=PhD |publisher=University of California |url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/08t8n3db#page-34 |year=1966 |location=Berkeley}}
*{{citation
| last    =MacLean
| first   =Edna Ahgeak
| year    =1980
| title   =Iñupiallu Tanņiḷḷu Uqaluņisa Iḷaņich = Abridged Iñupiaq and English Dictionary
| publisher =Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska
| publication-place =Fairbanks, Alaska
| page    =xvii-xx
| url    =http://www.uafanlc.arsc.edu/data/Online/IN(N)971M1981/maclean-1981-inupiaq_dictionary.pdf
| accessdate =20 December 2017
}}
*{{citation
| last    =Kaplan
| first   =Lawrence D.
| year    =1981
| title   =Phonological Issues in North Alaskan Inupiaq
| publisher =Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska
| publication-place =Fairbanks, Alaska
| pages    =21–29
| url    =http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED398760.pdf
| accessdate =20 December 2017
}}
* {{citation
|last=Scholtz
|first=Anna
|year=2009
|title=A phonetic study of the status of three mergers in the Trøndersk dialect of Norwegian
|publisher=Williams College
|place=Williamstown, Massachusetts
|url=http://sanders.phonologist.org/Papers/scholtz-thesis.pdf
}}
* {{citation
|last=Vanvik
|first=Arne
|year=1979
|title=Norsk fonetikk
|publisher=Universitetet i Oslo
|place=Oslo
|isbn=82-990584-0-6
}}
* {{citation
|last=Zimmer
|first=Karl
|last2=Orgun
|first2=Orhan
|year=1999
|chapter=Turkish
|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
|place=Cambridge
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|isbn=0-521-65236-7
|pages=154–158
}}
{{refend}}

==See also==
*[[Index of phonetics articles]]

==External links==
* {{phoible|ʎ̥}}

{{IPA navigation}}

[[Category:Lateral consonants]]
[[Category:Pulmonic consonants]]
[[Category:Voiceless oral consonants]]
[[Category:Palatal consonants]]
[[Category:Voiceless lateral approximants]]