View source for Union affiliation by U.S. state

{{Short description|Diagram of Union affiliation}}
[[File:US states by percent union members (2017).svg|thumb|Percent of workforce belonging to a union in 2017{{legend|#034e7b|20+%}}{{legend|#0570b0|15–19.9%}}{{legend|#3690c0|10–14.9%}}{{legend|#74a9cf|5–9.9%}}{{legend|#a6bddb|0–4.9%}}]]

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ '''Union affiliation by U.S. state (2024)'''<ref>{{cite web |author=Bureau of Labor Statistics |author-link=Bureau of Labor Statistics |date=February 21, 2025 |title=Union members in 2024 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[United States Department of Labor|U.S. Department of Labor]] 
|url=https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.t05.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Union Members Summary - 2024 A01 Results |url=https://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=www.bls.gov |language=en-us}}</ref>
|- valign=top style="text-align:center;"
! Rank !! [[U.S. state|State]] !! Percent<br />union<br />members 
!Percent
change
! Union<br />members !! Percent<br />represented<br />by unions 
!Percent
change
! Represented<br />by unions !! Total<br />employed !! [[Right-to-work law|Right<br />to Work]]
|-
| align="center" | 1 || align="left" | {{Flag|Hawaii}} || 26.5 
|{{Increase}} 2.4%|| 147,000 || 27.5 
|{{Increase}} 1.9%|| 153,000 || 556,000 || No 
|-
| align="center" | 2 || align="left" | {{Flag|New York}} || 20.6 
|{{No change}}|| 1,706,000 || 21.9 
|{{Increase}} 0.4%|| 1,814,000 || 8,278,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 3 || align="left" | {{Flag|Alaska}} || 17.7 
|{{Increase}} 2.9%|| 53,000 || 19.5 
|{{Increase}} 4.3%|| 58,000 || 300,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 4 || align="left" | {{Flag|Connecticut}} || 16.5 
|{{Increase}} 0.6%|| 269,000 || 17.8 
|{{Increase}} 0.9%|| 291,000 || 1,634,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 5 || align="left" | {{Flag|New Jersey}} || 16.2 
|{{Increase}} 0.1%|| 682,000 || 17.4 
|{{Increase}} 0.1%|| 730,000 || 4,197,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 6 || align="left" | {{Flag|Washington}} || 16.0 
|{{Decrease}} 0.5%|| 548,000 || 18.3 
|{{Increase}} 0.2%|| 627,000 || 3,432,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 7 || align="left" | {{Flag|Oregon}} || 15.9 
|{{Increase}} 1.8%|| 292,000 || 17.5 
|{{Increase}} 2.5%|| 321,000 || 1,835,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 8 || align="left" | {{Flag|Massachusetts}} || 14.6 
|{{Increase}} 2.0%|| 496,000 || 15.6 
|{{Increase}} 2.0%|| 513,000 || 3,397,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 9 || align="left" | {{Flag|Rhode Island}} || 14.5 
|{{Increase}} 2.2%|| 73,000 || 15.3 
|{{Increase}} 2.1%|| 77,000 || 500,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 10 || align="left" | {{Flag|California}} || 14.5 
|{{Decrease}} 0.9%|| 2,381,000 || 16.3 
|{{Decrease}} 0.6%|| 2,678,000 || 16,399,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 11 || align="left" | {{Flag|Vermont}} || 14.3 
|{{No change}}|| 42,000 || 15.8 
|{{Increase}} 0.4%|| 47,000 || 297,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 12 || align="left" | {{Flag|Minnesota}} || 14.2 
|{{Increase}} 0.9%|| 379,000 || 14.8 
|{{Increase}} 0.7%|| 394,000 || 2,668,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 13 || align="left" | {{Flag|Michigan}} || 13.4 
|{{Increase}} 0.6%|| 581,000 || 14.7 
|{{Increase}} 0.6%|| 639,000 || 4,346,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 14 || align="left" | {{Flag|Maine}} || 13.1 
|{{Increase}} 3.9%|| 77,000 || 15.3 
|{{Increase}} 4.5%|| 89,000 || 585,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 15 || align="left" | {{Flag|Illinois}} || 13.1 
|{{Increase}} 0.3%|| 734,000 || 14.2 
|{{Increase}} 0.6%|| 798,000 || 5,615,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 16 || align="left" | {{Flag|Nevada}} || 12.1 
|{{Decrease}} 0.4%|| 166,000 || 13.4 
|{{Decrease}} 1.1%|| 183,000 || 1,367,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 17 || align="left" | {{Flag|Ohio}} || 12.1 
|{{Decrease}} 0.4%|| 621,000 || 13.3 
|{{Decrease}} 0.2%|| 685,000 || 5,147,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 18 || align="left" | {{Flag|Montana}} || 11.9 
|{{Increase}} 0.1%|| 56,000 || 13.1 
|{{Increase}} 0.1%|| 62,000 || 474,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 19 || align="left" | {{Flag|Pennsylvania}} || 11.7 
|{{Decrease}} 1.2%|| 666,000 || 12.4 
|{{Decrease}} 1.8%|| 708,000 || 5,706,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 20 || align="left" | {{Flag|Maryland}} || 11.4 
|{{Increase}} 0.7%|| 325,000 || 13.4 
|{{Increase}} 0.6%|| 382,000 || 2,851,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 21 || align="left" | {{Flag|District of Columbia}} || 10.6 
|{{Increase}} 1.5%|| 38,000 || 11.7 
|{{Increase}} 1.3%|| 42,000 || 362,000|| No
|-
| align="center" | 22 || align="left" | {{Flag|New Hampshire}} || 9.2 
|{{Decrease}} 0.1%|| 62,000 || 10.6 
|{{Decrease}} 0.3%|| 72,000 || 678,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 23 || align="left" | {{Flag|Indiana}} || 9.0 
|{{Increase}} 1.0%|| 271,000 || 10.4 
|{{Increase}} 1.3%|| 313,000 || 2,999,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 24 || align="left" | {{Flag|Kentucky}} || 8.8 
|{{No change}}|| 156,000 || 11.2 
|{{Decrease}} 0.1%|| 197,000 || 1,761,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 25 || align="left" | {{Flag|West Virginia}} || 8.8 
|{{Increase}} 0.1%|| 61,000 || 10.0 
|{{Decrease}} 0.1%|| 70,000 || 699,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 26 || align="left" | {{Flag|Missouri}} || 8.6 
|{{Decrease}} 0.7%|| 234,000 || 9.3 
|{{Decrease}} 1.1%|| 255,000 || 2,734,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 27 || align="left" | {{Flag|Delaware}} || 8.5 
|{{Decrease}} 0.3%|| 37,000 || 8.9 
|{{Decrease}} 1.2%|| 39,000 || 435,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 28 || align="left" | {{Flag|Colorado}} || 7.7 
|{{Increase}} 0.8%|| 206,000 || 8.0 
|{{Decrease}} 0.6%|| 214,000 || 2,671,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 29 || align="left" | {{Flag|New Mexico}} || 7.5 
|{{No change}}|| 63,000 || 8.8 
|{{Decrease}} 0.3%|| 73,000 || 834,000 || No
|-
| align="center" | 30 || align="left" | {{Flag|Iowa}} || 7.2 
|{{Decrease}} 0.8%|| 93,000 || 8.8 
|{{Decrease}} 0.5%|| 119,000 || 1,437,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 31 || align="left" | {{Flag|Nebraska}} || 6.8 
|{{Decrease}} 0.5%|| 62,000 || 8.1 
|{{Decrease}} 1.3%|| 74,000 || 913,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 32 || align="left" | {{Flag|Alabama}} || 6.6 
|{{Decrease}} 0.9%|| 140,000 || 7.8 
|{{Decrease}} 0.8%|| 165,000 || 2,110,000|| Yes
|-
| align="center" | 33 || align="left" | {{Flag|Wisconsin}} || 6.4 
|{{Decrease}} 1.0%|| 180,000 || 6.9 
|{{Decrease}} 1.5%|| 196,000 || 2,819,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 34 || align="left" | {{Flag|Kansas}} || 6.3 
|{{Decrease}} 2.6%|| 83,000 || 8.0 
|{{Decrease}} 2.6%|| 105,000 || 1,309,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 35 || align="left" | {{Flag|Wyoming}} || 5.6 
|{{No change}}|| 14,000 || 6.7 
|{{Increase}} 0.1%|| 17,000 || 249,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 36 || align="left" | {{Flag|Oklahoma}} || 5.3 
|{{Decrease}} 1.5%|| 91,000 || 6.2 
|{{Decrease}} 1.5%|| 106,000 || 1,713,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 37 || align="left" | {{Flag|Mississippi}} || 5.2 
|{{Decrease}} 1.8%|| 59,000 || 7.9 
|{{Decrease}} 1.9%|| 90,000 || 1,129,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 38 || align="left" | {{Flag|Virginia}} || 5.2 
|{{Increase}} 0.9%|| 207,000 || 5.7 
|{{Increase}} 0.1%|| 229,000 || 3,997,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 39 || align="left" | {{Flag|Florida}} || 5.1 
|{{Increase}} 0.4%|| 462,000 || 6.3 
|{{Increase}} 0.2%|| 569,000 || 9,086,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 40 || align="left" | {{Flag|Idaho}} || 5.0 
|{{Increase}} 0.5%|| 43,000 || 5.9 
|{{Increase}} 0.4%|| 50,000 || 850,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 41 || align="left" | {{Flag|North Dakota}} || 5.0 
|{{Decrease}} 1.2%|| 18,000 || 6.3 
|{{Decrease}} 1.2%|| 23,000 || 366,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 42 || align="left" | {{Flag|Tennessee}} || 4.7 
|{{Decrease}} 1.3%|| 136,000 || 5.6 
|{{Decrease}} 1.3%|| 264,000 || 2,923,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 43 || align="left" | {{Flag|Texas}} || 4.5 
|{{No change}}|| 603,000 || 5.4 
|{{No change}}|| 716,000 || 13,345,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 44 || align="left" | {{Flag|Louisiana}} || 3.9 
|{{Decrease}} 0.4%|| 69,000 || 5.2 
|{{Decrease}} 0.2%|| 86,000 || 1,765,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 45 || align="left" | {{Flag|Georgia_(U.S._state)|name=Georgia}} || 3.8 
|{{Decrease}} 0.8%|| 174,000 || 4.4 
|{{Decrease}} 1.0%|| 203,000 || 4,619,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 46 || align="left" | {{Flag|Utah}} || 3.7 
|{{Decrease}} 0.4%|| 58,000 || 7.8 
|{{Decrease}} 0.6%|| 122,000 || 1,558,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 47 || align="left" | {{Flag|Arizona}} || 3.7 
|{{Decrease}} 0.5%|| 118,000 || 4.5 
|{{Decrease}} 0.3%|| 144,000 || 3,183,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 48 || align="left" | {{Flag|Arkansas}} || 3.5 
|{{Decrease}} 1.6%|| 45,000 || 4.4 
|{{Decrease}} 1.4%|| 56,000 || 1,265,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 49 || align="left" | {{Flag|South Carolina}} || 2.8 
|{{Increase}} 0.5%|| 61,000 || 4.1 
|{{Increase}} 1.1%|| 89,000 || 2,163,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 50 || align="left" | {{Flag|South Dakota}} || 2.7 
|{{Decrease}} 0.9%|| 12,000 || 3.7 
|{{Decrease}} 0.5%|| 16,000 || 431,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | 51 || align="left" | {{Flag|North Carolina}} || 2.4 
|{{Decrease}} 0.3%|| 108,000 || 3.1 
|{{Decrease}} 0.2%|| 142,000 || 4,555,000 || Yes
|-
| align="center" | '''—''' || '''{{Flag|United States}}''' || 9.9 
|{{Decrease}} 0.1%|| 14,255,000 || 11.1 
|{{Decrease}} 0.1%|| 16,023,000 || 144,522,000 || N/A
|}

==See also==
{{portal|United States|Organized labor}}
*[[International comparisons of labor unions]]
*[[Labor unions in the United States]]
*[[Right-to-work law]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |author1=Hirsch, Barry T. |author2=Macpherson, David |year=2016 |title=Union Membership and Coverage Database |publisher=Unionstats.com |url=http://www.unionstats.com}}
** {{cite web |author1=Hirsch, Barry T. |author2=Macpherson, David A. |author3=Vroman, Wayne G. |year=2016 |title=Union Density Estimates by State, 1964–2015 |location=Atlanta |publisher=[[Georgia State University]] |url=http://unionstats.gsu.edu/MonthlyLaborReviewArticle.htm}}
*** [https://web.archive.org/web/20091114232524/http://unionstats.gsu.edu/State_Union_Membership_Density_1964-2008.xls State Union Membership Density, 1964–2008] ([[Microsoft Excel#File formats|Excel file]])
*** [https://web.archive.org/web/20091114232521/http://unionstats.gsu.edu/State_Union_Coverage_Density_1977-2008.xls State Union Coverage Density, 1977–2008] ([[Microsoft Excel#File formats|Excel file]])

{{USStateLists}}

[[Category:Labor relations in the United States]]
[[Category:States of the United States-related lists]]