View source for Turkish population

[[File:OttomanEmpireIn1683.png|thumb|right|upright=1.35|The Turkish people are scattered throughout the former [[Ottoman Empire]]. Today they form a majority in [[Turkey]] and [[Northern Cyprus]]. There are also significant Turkish minorities in [[Balkans]], the [[Caucasus]], and the [[Arab world]].]]
The '''Turkish population''' refers to the number of ethnic [[Turkish people]] in the world. During the [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk]] (1037–1194) and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] (1299–1923) eras, ethnic Turks were settled across the lands conquered by the two empires. In particular, the [[Turkification]] of [[Anatolia]] (modern [[Turkey]]) was the result of the [[Battle of Manzikert]] in 1071 and the formation of the [[Sultanate of Rum]]. Thereafter, the Ottomans continued Turkish expansion throughout the regions around the [[Black Sea]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. Consequently, today the Turkish people form a majority in [[Turkey]] and [[Northern Cyprus]]. There are also significant [[Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire|Turkish minorities]] who still live in the [[Balkans]], the [[Caucasus]], the [[Middle East]] and the [[Levant]], and [[North Africa]].

More recently, the Turkish people have emigrated from their traditional areas of settlement for various reasons, forming a large [[Turkish diaspora|diaspora]]. From the mid-twentieth century onwards, [[unskilled workers]] from Turkey settled mainly in [[German speaking countries|German]]  and [[French speaking countries|French]] speaking countries of [[Western Europe]], in contrast, a "[[brain drain]]" of [[skilled workers]] from Turkey migrated mostly to [[North America]]. Moreover, ethnic Turks from other traditional areas of Turkish settlement have emigrated mostly due to political reasons. For example, the [[Meskhetian Turks]] were deported to [[Central Asia]] from [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] in 1944; [[Turkish Cypriots]] have emigrated mostly as refugees to the [[English-speaking world]] during the [[Cyprus conflict]] and its immediate aftermath; [[Cretan Turks]] have significant populations in the Arab world as a result of being expelled from Greece; etc..

==Traditional areas of Turkish settlement==

===Turkish majorities===

[[File:Mother language in 1965 Turkey census - Turkish.png|thumb|right|upright=1.15|The [[1965 Turkish census]] was the last census in which people were asked about their mother tongue. This map shows the distribution of people who spoke Turkish during this period.]]
[[File:TRNC location.png|thumb|right|upright=1.15|Prior to the [[Cyprus dispute]] Turkish Cypriots lived throughout the island of [[Cyprus]]. However, the [[1974 Cypriot coup d'état]] initiated by the [[Greek military junta of 1967–1974|Greek military junta]], which sought to annex the island to [[Greece]], prompted the [[Turkish invasion of Cyprus]] followed by the declaration of the [[Turkish Federated State of Cyprus]]. Since the establishment of the [[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] in 1983 the majority of Turkish Cypriots live mostly in the northern region of the island. The break-away state remains internationally unrecognised, except by [[Turkey]].]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Official State census figures !! Other estimates !! Constitution recognition !! See also
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} || N/A. The Turkish census collects data on country of birth but does not collect data on ethnicity. || 60,000,000 – 65,000,000<ref name=55milyon>{{cite web |work=Milliyet|title=55 milyon kişi 'etnik olarak' Türk|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2007/03/22/guncel/agun.html|access-date=2015-11-22}}</ref><ref name=CIA>{{cite web|publisher=CIA|title=Turkey|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/|access-date=2016-04-07|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110073821/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||The [[Turkish language]] is the official language of the [[Republic of Turkey]], under Article 3 of the 1982 Turkish constitution. || [[Turkish people]]
|-
| {{flag|Northern Cyprus}} || 286,257 (2011 Turkish Cypriot census)<ref>{{cite web|author=TRNC State Planning Organization|date=2012-12-17|title=KKTC 2011 Nüfus ve Konut Sayımı|language=tr|trans-title=TRNC 2011 Population and Housing Census|url=http://www.devplan.org/Nufus-2011/nufus%20son_.pdf|publisher=National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria|page=4|access-date=22 November 2015|archive-date=27 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927104440/http://www.devplan.org/Nufus-2011/nufus%20son_.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||  300,000<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[International Crisis Group]]|year=2010|title=CYPRUS: BRIDGING THE PROPERTY DIVIDE |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/turkey-cyprus/cyprus/210%20Cyprus%20-%20Bridging%20the%20Property%20Divide.ashx|page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103083632/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/europe/turkey-cyprus/cyprus/210%20Cyprus%20-%20Bridging%20the%20Property%20Divide.ashx|archive-date=3 November 2011}}</ref>-500,000 {{sfn|Cole|2011|p=95}} (includes Turkish Cypriots and recent Turkish settlers) <br/> || According to Article 2(2) of the 1985 constitution of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is only recognised by Turkey, the [[Turkish language]] is the sole official language of the break-away state.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus |url=http://www.embargoed.org/downloads/TRNC_Constitution.pdf |access-date=2016-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908171710/http://www.embargoed.org/downloads/TRNC_Constitution.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> || [[Turkish Cypriots]]
|-
|}

===Turkish "communities"===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Official State census figures !! Other estimates !! Constitution recognition !! See also
|-
| {{flag|Cyprus}} || 1,128 (2011 Cypriot Census)<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Republic of Cyprus Statistics Service|title=Population Enumerated with Cypriot Citizenship, By Ethnic/Religious Group, Age and Sex|url=http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/populationcondition_22main_en/populationcondition_22main_en?OpenForm&sub=2&sel=2|access-date=2016-04-26|year=2001|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612211105/http://www.cystat.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/populationcondition_22main_en/populationcondition_22main_en?OpenForm&sub=2&sel=2|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 2,000 Turkish Cypriots remain in the internationally recognized southern region of the [[Republic of Cyprus]].<ref>{{citation|last=Hatay |first=Mete|url=http://www.prio.no/upload/Is%20the%20Turkish%20Cypriot%20Population%20Shrinking.pdf |title=Is the Turkish Cypriot Population Shrinking?|publisher=International Peace Research Institute |year=2007|isbn=978-82-7288-244-9|page=40|website=www.prio.no |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515192502/http://www.prio.no/upload/Is%20the%20Turkish%20Cypriot%20Population%20Shrinking.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2011}}</ref> || Under Article 2 of the Cypriot constitution the [[Turkish Cypriots]], alongside the [[Greek Cypriots]], form one of the two "Communities" in Cyprus. The Turkish Cypriots are therefore recognised as equal participants of the Republic rather than as a minority. Furthermore, under Article 3, the [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]] languages are the two official languages of Cyprus.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus |url=http://www.presidency.gov.cy/presidency/presidency.nsf/all/1003AEDD83EED9C7C225756F0023C6AD/$file/CY_Constitution.pdf|access-date=2016-04-26|publisher=Presidency of the Republic of Cyprus|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001544/http://www.presidency.gov.cy/presidency/presidency.nsf/all/1003AEDD83EED9C7C225756F0023C6AD/$file/CY_Constitution.pdf|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br/> Despite President [[Makarios III]]'s attempt to [[13 Amendments proposed by Makarios III|amend the constitution]] and the aim to weaken the rights of Turkish Cypriots, under the 1963 [[Akritas plan]], the original 1960 constitution is still legally in force today. || [[Turkish Cypriots]]
|-
|}

===Turkish minorities===
{{see also|Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire}}

====Turkish minorities in the Balkans====
{{see also|Turks in the Balkans}}
[[File:TurksInBGPercent2011.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.15|Map of the Turkish population in [[Bulgaria]]. According to the 2011 Bulgarian census the Turks make up a majority in the [[Kardzhali Province]] (66.2%) and the [[Razgrad Province]] (50.02%).]]
[[File:Mamushë - Mamuşa.png|thumb|right|upright=1.15|According to the 2011 census of [[Kosovo]] the Turks make up a majority in [[Mamuša]] (93.1%).]]
[[File:Macedonia ethnic02.png|thumb|right|upright=1.15|According to the 2002 census of the [[Republic of Macedonia]] the Turks make up a majority in the [[Centar Župa Municipality]] (80.2%) and the [[Plasnica Municipality]] (97.8%).]]  
[[File:Romania harta etnica 2011.PNG|thumb|right|upright=1.15|According to the 2011 census of [[Romania]] the Turks make up a majority in [[Dobromir, Constanța|Dobromir]] (61.93%) located in the [[Constanța County]].]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Official State census figures !! Other estimates !! Constitutional recognition/Minority status !!  Further information !! [[Lists of Turks]] by country
|-
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} ||267 (1991 Bosnian census)<ref name=FederalOfficeofStatistics>{{cite web|publisher=Federal Office of Statistics|title=Population grouped according to ethnicity, by censuses 1961–1991 |url=http://www.fzs.ba/Dem/Popis/NacPopE.htm|access-date=2011-10-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926213349/http://www.fzs.ba/Dem/Popis/NacPopE.htm|archive-date=26 September 2011}}</ref> || 50,000<ref name="Cole">{{citation |last=Cole|first=Jeffrey|author-link=Jeffrey Cole|year=2011|title=Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-302-6 |pages=367–368|quote=Today Turkish/Muslim populations residing in the former European Turkey approximately amounts to 1.3 million, with roughly 50,000 in Bosnia- Herzegovina, 50,000 in Kosovo, 55,000 in Romania, 150,000 in Greece, 200,000 in the Republic of Macedonia, 750,000 in Bulgaria, and the rest living in various Balkan countries. This estimate does not included those citizens of Turkey who work and reside in the Balkans...}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Minahan|first=James|year=1998|title=Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0313306105|page=45}}</ref>  
 || The [[Turkish language]] is officially recognized as a minority language, in accordance with the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]], under Article 2, paragraph 2, of the 2010 ratification.<ref name=councilofeurope>{{cite web|publisher=Council of Europe|title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148|url=http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23/01/05&CL=ENG&VL=1|access-date=2013-12-21|archive-date=22 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522083136/http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?NT=148&CM=8&DF=23%2F01%2F05&CL=ENG&VL=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| [[Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || 
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} || 588,318 (2011 Bulgarian census)<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Национален статистически институт [National Statistical Institute]|title=Население по местоживеене, възраст и етническа група |trans-title=Population by place of residence, age and ethnic group |url=http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R7.aspx |language=bg|access-date=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815112251/http://censusresults.nsi.bg/Census/Reports/2/2/R7.aspx |archive-date=15 August 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 750,000<ref name="Cole"/>  || The Bulgarian constitution of 1991 does not mention any ethnic minorities and the [[Bulgarian language]] is the sole official language of the State. However, in accordance with Article 36(2), the Turkish minority has the right to study their own language alongside the compulsory study of the Bulgarian language. Moreover, under Article 54(1), the Turkish minority have the right to "develop their culture in accordance with his ethnic identification".<ref>{{citation |last=Schwartz|first=Herman|year=2002|title=The Struggle for Constitutional Justice in Post-Communist Europe|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0226741963|page=184}}</ref>|| [[Turks in Bulgaria]] || [[List of Bulgarian Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Croatia}} ||  367 (2011 Croatian census)<ref>{{cite web|title=Stanovništvo prema narodnosti, popisi 1971. – 2011. |language=hr |url=http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/census2011/results/htm/usp_03_HR.htm |access-date=2015-11-22}}</ref> || 2,000<ref>{{cite web|work=Zaman|title=Altepe'den Hırvat Müslümanlara moral|url=http://www.zaman.com.tr/haber.do?haberno=1165160&title=altepeden-hirvat-muslumanlara-moral|access-date=2011-09-09|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130113213940/http://www.zaman.com.tr/haber.do?haberno=1165160&title=altepeden-hirvat-muslumanlara-moral|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-13}}</ref>|| The Turks are officially recognised as a minority ethnic group, in accordance with the 2010 [[Constitution of Croatia]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Anita Skelin Horvat|title=Language Policy in Istria, Croatia –Legislation Regarding Minority Language Use |url=http://www.acta.sapientia.ro/acta-euro/C3/euro3-3.pdf |language=bg|page=51|access-date=2015-11-22}}</ref> || [[Turks in Croatia]]  || 
|-
| {{flag|Greece}} || 179,895 (1951 Greek census)<ref>{{citation |last=Ortakovski|first=Vladimir|year=2000 |title=Minorities in the Balkans|publisher=Transnational Publishers|isbn=978-1571051295|page=187}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Clogg|first=Richard|year=2002|title=Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society |publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1850657057|page=xi}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Trudgill |first1=Peter|last2=Schreier |first2=Daniel|year=2006|chapter=Greece and Cyprus / Griechenland und Zypern |title=Sociolinguistics / Soziolinguistik|editor-last=Ulrich|editor-first=Ammon|publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3110199871|page=1885}}</ref> || 150,000<ref name="Cole"/> <br/> (80,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurfedling.org/Greece.htm|title=Demographics of Greece|work=European Union National Languages|access-date=19 December 2010}}</ref> to 130,000 in [[Western Thrace]],<ref>{{citation |publisher=Western Thrace Minority University Graduates Association|title=Western Thrace Turkish Minority |url=http://www.pekem.org/userfiles/Western_Thrace_Turkish_Minority_WTMUGA_July_2009.pdf |date=July 2009 |website=www.pekem.org|page=2|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727170653/http://www.pekem.org/userfiles/Western_Thrace_Turkish_Minority_WTMUGA_July_2009.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Ergener|first1=Rashid|last2=Ergener|first2=Resit |year=2002|title=About Turkey: Geography, Economy, Politics, Religion, and Culture|publisher=Pilgrims Process|isbn=978-0-9710609-6-8|page=106}}</ref> 10,000<ref>{{citation |last=Madianou|first=Mirca|year=2005 |title=Mediating the nation: news, audiences and the politics of identity|publisher=Routledge Cavendish |isbn=978-1-84472-028-6 |pages=36–37}}</ref> to 15,000 in [[Athens]],<ref name="Pettifer 2007 loc=68">{{citation |last1=Pettifer|first1=James|last2=Nazarko|first2=Mentor|year=2007|title=Strengthening Religious Tolerance for a Secure Civil Society in Albania and the Southern Balkans|publisher=IOS Press |isbn=978-1-58603-779-6 |page=68}}</ref> 5,000 in [[Rhodes]] and [[Kos]],<ref>{{citation |last=Clogg|first=Richard |year=2002|title=Minorities in Greece|publisher=Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-706-4 |page=84}}</ref> and 5,000 in [[Thessaloniki]])<ref name="Pettifer 2007 loc=68"/> || The [[Turks of Western Thrace]] have protected status to practice their religion and use the Turkish language, in accordance with the 1923 [[Treaty of Lausanne]]. However, the other sizeable Turkish minorities in Greece have no official recognition.{{sfn|Trudgill|Schreier|2006|p=1886}} || [[Turks in Greece (disambiguation)|Turks in Greece]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Kosovo}} ||  18,738 (2011 Kosovar census)<ref>{{cite web|publisher=European Centre for Minority Issues Kosovo|title=Minority Communities in the 2011 Kosovo Census Results: Analysis and Recommendations |url=http://www.ecmikosovo.org/wp-content/Publications/Policy_briefs/2012-12_ECMI_Kosovo_Policy_Brief_-_Minority_Communities_in_the_2011_Kosovo_Census_Results_Analysis_and_Recommendations/eng.pdf |page=4 |access-date=2015-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103200754/http://www.ecmikosovo.org/wp-content/Publications/Policy_briefs/2012-12_ECMI_Kosovo_Policy_Brief_-_Minority_Communities_in_the_2011_Kosovo_Census_Results_Analysis_and_Recommendations/eng.pdf |archive-date=3 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>  || 30,000<ref>{{citation |date=8 February 2011|chapter-url=http://www.osce.org/kosovo/75450|chapter=Community Profile: Kosovo Turks|title=Kosovo Communities Profile 2010|publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|page=3}}.</ref> to 50,000<ref name="Cole"/> || The Turkish language is recognized as an official language in the municipalities of [[Prizren]] and [[Mamusha]] and has minority status in [[Gjilan]], [[Pristina]], [[Vushtrri]], and [[Mitrovica, Kosovo|Mitrovica]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=European Centre for Minority Issues Kosovo |url=http://www.ecmikosovo.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Turkish-community1.pdf|title=Community Profile: Turkish Community|page=2|access-date=2016-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427005535/http://www.ecmikosovo.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Turkish-community1.pdf|archive-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> || [[Turks in Kosovo]] || 
|-
| {{flag|Republic of Macedonia}} ||  77,959 (2002 Macedonian census)<ref>{{citation |publisher=Republic of Macedonia&nbsp;– State Statistical Office|year=2005|title=Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Macedonia, 2002 |url=http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/kniga_13.pdf |page=34}}</ref> || 170,000–200,000<ref>{{citation|last=Knowlton|first=MaryLee|year=2005|title=Macedonia|publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-1854-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761418542/page/66 66]|url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761418542}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Abrahams|first=Fred|year=1996|title=A Threat to "Stability": Human Rights Violations in Macedonia |publisher=Human Rights Watch|page=[https://archive.org/details/threattostabilit0000abra/page/53 53] |isbn=978-1-56432-170-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/threattostabilit0000abra/page/53}}</ref> || Initially the 1988 draft constitution spoke of the "state of the Macedonian people and the Albanian and Turkish minority". Once the 1991 constitution came into force the Turkish language was used officially where Turks formed a majority in the [[Centar Župa Municipality]] and the [[Plasnica Municipality]]. Since the 2001 amendment to the constitution, the Turkish language is officially used where Turks form at least 20% of the population and hence it is also an official language of [[Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality |Mavrovo and Rostuša]].<ref>{{citation |last=Dzankic|first=Jelena|year=2016|title=Citizenship in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro: Effects of Statehood and Identity Challenges|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1317165798|page=81}}</ref> || [[Turks in Macedonia]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Montenegro}} ||  104 (2011 Montenegrin census).<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Statistical Office of Montenegro|title=Population of Montenegro by sex, type of settlement, etnicity, religion and mother tongue, per municipalities |page=7|url=http://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/saopstenje/saopstenje(1).pdf |access-date=21 September 2011}}</ref>  || || || [[Turks in Montenegro]] || 
|-
| {{flag|Romania}} || 28,226 (2011 Romanian census)<ref>{{cite press release |date=2 February 2012 |url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Comunicat_DATE_PROVIZORII_RPL_2011.pdf |title=Privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensământului Populaţiei şi Locuinţelor – 2011 |language=ro |trans-title=Regarding the provisional results of Population and Housing Census - 2011 |place=Romania |publisher=National Institute of Statistics |page=10 |access-date=28 May 2016 |archive-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802060014/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Comunicat_DATE_PROVIZORII_RPL_2011.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>|| 55,000<ref>{{citation |last=Phinnemore |first=David|year=2006|title=The EU and Romania: accession and beyond |publisher=The Federal Trust for Education & Research |isbn= 978-1-903403-78-5|page=157}}</ref> to 80,000<ref>{{citation |last1=Constantin |first1=Daniela L.|last2=Goschin |first2=Zizi|last3=Dragusin |first3=Mariana|year=2008|title=Ethnic entrepreneurship as an integration factor in civil society and a gate to religious tolerance. A spotlight on Turkish entrepreneurs in Romania|journal=Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies|volume=7 |issue=20|page=59}}</ref> || The Turkish language is officially recognized as a minority language, in accordance with the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]], under Part III of the 2007 ratification.<ref name=councilofeurope/>||[[Turks in Romania]] || 
|-
| {{flag|Serbia}} || 647 (2011 Serbian census)<ref>{{cite web|title=Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији: Становништво према националној припадности |trans-title=Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011 in the Republic of Serbia: Population by National Affiliation |url=http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Etnicke_zajednice_sa_manje_od_2000_pripadnika_i_dvojako_izjasnjeni.pdf |language=sr |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-08-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130801032137/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/userFiles/file/Aktuelnosti/Etnicke_zajednice_sa_manje_od_2000_pripadnika_i_dvojako_izjasnjeni.pdf}}</ref> || || || [[Turks in Serbia]] ||
|-
| '''Total''' || N/A || '''1,300,000''' (2011 estimate)<ref name="Cole"/> || || [[Turks in the Balkans]] ||
|}

====Turkish minorities in the Caucasus====
[[File:Meskheti(Samtskhe)Historical.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.15|The [[Meskheti]] region of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] had the largest Turkish population in [[Caucasus]] prior to the [[Second World War]]. In 1944 [[Joseph Stalin]] deported the [[Meskhetian Turks|Meskhetian Turkish minority]] to other parts of the [[Soviet Union]], where they now form a large diaspora.]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Official State census figures !! Other estimates !! Constitutional recognition/ Minority status!!Further information !! [[Lists of Turks]] by country
|-
| {{flag|Abkhazia}} || 731 (2011 Abkhazian census)<ref>{{cite web|title=Abkhazia Population Censuses (1886–2011)|url=http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnabkhazia.html|access-date=2015-11-22}}</ref>|| 15,000<ref>{{cite web|author=Bul Turk|title=Abhazya'da Yaşayan Osmanlı Türkleri ilgi bekliyor|url=http://www.bulturk.org/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=85:abhazyada-yan-osmanlrkleri-ilgi-bekliyor&catid=63:nafiye-yz&Itemid=342|access-date=2010-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123042835/http://www.bulturk.org/site/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=85:abhazyada-yan-osmanlrkleri-ilgi-bekliyor&catid=63:nafiye-yz&Itemid=342|archive-date=23 November 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>  || || [[Turks in Abkhazia]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Armenia}} || Turkish minority N/A. <br/> Although the [[Soviet census]]es recorded a small number of Turks, 19 in 1970,<ref name="USSR1970">{{cite web |work=Демоскоп Weekly|title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1970 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР|language=ru|trans-title=The 1970 All-Union Census. National composition of the population in the republics of the USSR |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_70.php?reg=0|access-date=2009-11-10}}</ref> 28 in 1979,<ref name="USSR1979">{{cite web |work=Демоскоп Weekly|title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР|language=ru|trans-title=The 1979 All-Union Census. National composition of the population in the republics of the USSR |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_79.php?reg=0|access-date=2009-11-10}}</ref> and 13 in 1989,<ref name="USSR1989">{{cite web |work=Демоскоп Weekly|title=Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР|language=ru|trans-title=The 1989 All-Union Census. National composition of the population in the republics of the USSR |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php?reg=0|access-date=2009-11-10}}</ref> they were not recorded in the 2001 [[Census in Armenia|Armenian census]].|| || || [[Turks in Armenia]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || Turkish minority N/A. <br> The 2009 [[Census in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani census]] recorded 38,000 Turks;<ref>{{cite web |publisher=The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan|title=Population by ethnic groups |url=http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/AP_/1_5.xls|access-date=2012-01-16}}</ref> however, it does not distinguish between the Turkish minority (descendants of Ottoman settlers who remained in Azerbaijan), Meskhetian Turks who arrived after 1944, and recent Turkish arrivals. || 19,000<ref>{{citation |last=Minahan|first=James|year=1998|title=Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0313306105|page=19 |quote=...numbering about 19,000. The Turks are the remnant of a larger Turkish population that has mostly assimilated into Azeri culture since the seventeenth century, aided by the similarity between the Turkish and Azeri languages and cultures. Many of the Turks came to the region when Azerbaijan formed part of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. Unlike the majority of the Azeris, the Turks are mostly Sunni Muslim.}}</ref> <br/>(Descendants of Ottomans settlers who remained in Azerbaijan only. This does not include the much larger Meskhetian Turkish and mainland Turkish arrivals who form a part of the diaspora) || || [[Turks in Azerbaijan]] || 
|-
| {{flag|Georgia}} || *''Pre-World War II:''<br/> 137,921 ([[Soviet Census (1926)|1926 Soviet Census]]).<ref name="Dina">{{citation |last=Zisserman-Brodsky|first=Dina|year=2003|chapter=The Relevant Nationalities-Basic Facts |title=Constructing Ethnopolitics in the Soviet Union: Samizdat, Deprivation and the Rise of Ethnic Nationalism|publisher=Pelgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1403973627|page=214}}</ref> The Turkish population was not recorded in later censuses; nonetheless, it is estimated that 200,000 [[Meskhetian Turks]] were deported to [[Central Asia]] in 1944.<ref name="Dina"/> <br/> *''Post-World War II:''<br/> The Meskhetian Turk population in the [[USSR]] was published for the first in the [[Soviet Census (1970)|1970 census]]. However, by this point, the Turkish minority in Georgia had already diminished to several hundred due to the forced deportation of 1944.<ref name="Dina"/> There were 853 Turks in Georgia in 1970,<ref name="USSR1970"/> 917 in 1979,<ref name="USSR1979"/> and 1,375 in 1989.<ref name="USSR1989"/> <br/> *''Post-USSR:''<br/> Although a small number of Meskhetian Turks have returned to Georgia, they were not recorded in the 2002 Georgian census. || 1,500<ref name="Al Jazeera">{{cite web|title=Ahıska Türklerinin 70 yıllık sürgünü |url=http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/al-jazeera-ozel/ahiska-turklerinin-70-yillik-surgunu|work=Al Jazeera |date=2014|access-date=2016-07-05}}</ref><ref name="Aydıngün">{{citation|last1=Aydıngün|first1=Ayşegül |last2=Harding|first2=Çiğdem Balım |last3=Hoover|first3=Matthew|last4=Kuznetsov|first4=Igor|last5=Swerdlow |first5=Steve|year=2006 |url=http://www.cal.org/CO/pdffiles/mturks.pdf |title=Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettlement Experiences|website=www.cal.org|publisher=Center for Applied Linguistics|pages=13–14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714205907/http://www.cal.org/co/pdffiles/mturks.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> || || [[Meskhetian Turks]] ||
|-
|}

====Turkish minorities in the Levant====
{{see also|Turks in the Arab world|Turkish Jews in Israel}}
[[File:Misak-i milli.png|thumb|right|upright=1.15|The [[Misak-ı Millî]] ("national oath") sought to include Turkish majority areas in the [[Mosul Vilayet]] (in Iraq) and the [[Aleppo Vilayet]] and the [[Zor Sanjak]] (in Syria) in the proposals for the new borders of a Turkish nation in 1920.]]
[[File:Karte von Türkmeneli.png|thumb|right|upright=1.15|The majority of Iraqi Turks live in the so-called "[[Turkmeneli]]" region.]]
[[File:Lebanon districts Akkar.png|thumb|right|upright=1.15|Turkish people form a majority in [[Kouachra]] and [[Aydamun]], in the [[Akkar District]] of [[Lebanon]].]]

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Census figures !! Alternate estimates !! Legal recognition || Further information !! [[Lists of Turks]] by country
|-
| {{flag|Iraq}}  || 567,000 or 9% of the total Iraqi population (1957 census)<ref>{{citation|year=2008 |publisher=[[International Crisis Group]]|title=Turkey and the Iraqi Kurds: Conflict or Cooperation? |url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Iraq/81Turkey%20and%20Iraqi%20Kurds%20Conflict%20or%20Cooperation.ashx|work=Middle East Report N°81 –13 November 2008 |quote=Turkomans are descendents of Ottoman Empire-era soldiers, traders and civil servants... The 1957 census, Iraq’s last reliable count before the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958, put the country’s population at 6,300,000 and the Turkoman population at 567,000, about 9 per cent...Subsequent censuses, in 1967, 1977, 1987 and 1997, are all considered highly problematic, due to suspicions of regime manipulation. |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112131324/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Iraq/81Turkey%20and%20Iraqi%20Kurds%20Conflict%20or%20Cooperation.ashx |archive-date=12 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Knights|first=Michael |year=2004|title=Operation Iraqi Freedom And The New Iraq: Insights And Forecasts|publisher=Washington Institute for Near East Policy |isbn=978-0944029930 |page=262 |quote=The 1957 Iraqi census — the last in which the Turkmens were permitted to register — counted 567,000 Turkmens}}.</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Taylor|first=Scott|year=2004 |title=Among the Others: Encounters with the Forgotten Turkmen of Iraq|work=[[Esprit de Corps (magazine)|Esprit de Corps]]|isbn=978-1-895896-26-8|quote=According to the second census of 1958, the Turkmen registry stood at 567,000...if the Turkmen simply kept pace with the rest of Iraq's birthrate, then they would now account for approximately 2,080,000 of the present 25 million inhabitants. Many Turkmen argue that their birthrate actually exceeds that of most of the other Iraqi ethnic groups. One need only visit the children-filled streets of Tal Afar to believe their claim.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Güçlü |first=Yücel|date=Winter 2007|title=Who Owns Kirkuk? The Turkoman Case|journal=Middle East Quarterly |page=79 |url=http://www.turkmen.nl/1A_soitm/WOK.pdf |quote=The last reliable census in Iraqi – and the only one in which participants could declare their mother tongue – was in 1957. It found that Turkomans were the third largest ethnicity in Iraq, after Arabs and Kurds. The Turkomans numbered 567,000 out of a total population of 6,300,000.}}</ref> || 3,000,000 (Iraqi Ministry of Planning estimate, 2013)<ref>{{cite web |last=Bassem|first=Wassim|year=2016|title=Iraq's Turkmens call for independent province |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/10/turkmens-iraq-mosul-tal-afar.html|work=[[Al-Monitor]] |quote=Turkmens are a mix of Sunnis and Shiites and are the third-largest ethnicity in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, numbering around 3 million out of the total population of about 34.7 million, according to 2013 data from the Iraqi Ministry of Planning. |url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017222707/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/10/turkmens-iraq-mosul-tal-afar.html}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Triana|first=María |year=2017 |title=Managing Diversity in Organizations: A Global Perspective|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1317423683 |page=168|quote=Turkmen, Iraqi citizens of Turkish origin, are the third largest ethnic group in Iraq after Arabs and Kurds, and they are said to number about 3 million of Iraq's 34.7 million citizens according to the Iraqi Ministry of Planning.}}</ref> || In 1925 the Turks were recognised as a constitutive entity of Iraq, alongside the [[Arabs]] and [[Kurds]], however, the minority were later denied this status.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stansfield|first=Gareth|year=2013|title=Iraq: People, History, Politics|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0745656212|page=72}}</ref> <br/><br/>In 1997 the Iraqi Turkoman Congress adopted a Declaration of Principles, Article Three of which states the following: "The official written language of the Turkomans is [[Turkish language|Istanbul Turkish]], and its alphabet is the new Latin alphabet."<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Türkmeneli İşbirliği ve Kültür Vakfı |title=Declaration of Principles of the (Iraqi?) Turkman Congress |url=http://www.iraqiturkman.org.tr/turkmen27.html|access-date=2011-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308062715/http://www.iraqiturkman.org.tr/turkmen27.html |archive-date=8 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Nissman|first=David|date=5 March 1999 |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iraq/1999/9-050399.html|title=The Iraqi Turkomans: Who They Are and What They Want|journal=Iraq Report|volume=2|issue=9}}</ref>|| [[Iraqi Turkmens]] || [[Iraqi Turkmens#Notable people|List of Iraqi Turks]] 
|-
| {{flag|Israel}}  || 55,700<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Jews, by Country of Origin and Age |url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2020/2.shnatonpopulation/st02_08x.pdf|access-date=March 13, 2021 |publisher=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>|| 280,000<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics|title=Estimated numbers of Turkish born Jews in Israel|url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814193727/http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader|archive-date=14 August 2012}}</ref>|| N/A || [[Turks in Israel]] || 
|-
| {{flag|Jordan}}  || N/A ||  Turkish minority: <br/><br/> Palestinian-Turkish refugees: <br/> 55,000 in [[Irbid]]<ref name=El-Hatip>{{citation|last=El-Hatip|first=Alyaa|year=2014|chapter=Filistin Türkmenlerinin Genel Durumu |title=Ortadoğu Türkmenlerİ Sempozyumu|publisher=ORSAM|page=96}}</ref> <br/> 5,000 near [[Amman]]<ref name=El-Hatip/> <br/> 5,000 in El-Sahne<ref name=El-Hatip/> <br/> 3,000 in El-Reyyan<ref name=El-Hatip/> <br/> 2,500 in El-Bakaa<ref name=El-Hatip/> <br/> 1,500 in El-Zerkaa<ref name=El-Hatip/> <br/> 1,500 in [[Sahab district|Sahab]]<ref name=El-Hatip/> || N/A || [[Turks in Jordan]] ||  [[Turks in Jordan#Notable people|List of Jordanian Turks]] 
|-
| {{flag|Lebanon}}  || N/A || 80,000<ref>{{cite web|author=Mustafa Assi|date=October 26, 2011|work=Al-Akhbar|title=Lebanese Turks Seek Political and Social Recognition |url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/lebanese-turks-seek-political-and-social-recognition |access-date=2012-03-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620232105/https://english.al-akhbar.com/content/lebanese-turks-seek-political-and-social-recognition|archive-date=20 June 2018}}</ref> <br/> (plus 125,000 to 150,000 [[Syrian Turkmen]] refugees<ref name=Ahmed2015>{{citation|last=Ahmed|first=Yusra|year=2015|title=Syrian Turkmen refugees face double suffering in Lebanon |work=Zaman Al Wasl |url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/11837.html|access-date=11 October 2016}}</ref>) || N/A  || [[Turks in Lebanon]] || [[Turks in Lebanon#Notable people|List of Lebanese Turks]] 
|-
| {{flag|Palestine}}  || N/A ||  est. [[West Bank]]: 35,000 to 40,000<ref>{{citation|last=El-Hatip |first=Alyaa|year=2014|chapter=Filistin Türkmenlerinin Genel Durumu|title=Ortadoğu Türkmenlerİ Sempozyumu |publisher=ORSAM|page=95 |quote=Batı Şaria Türkmenlerinin sayısı 35–40 bini bulmaktadır.}}</ref> <br/> total Palestinian-Turkish community: est.400,000 to 500,000<ref>{{citation|last=Kardaş|first=Şaban|year=2014|chapter=Takdim|title=Ortadoğu Türkmenlerİ Sempozyumu|publisher=ORSAM|page=6|quote=Filistin Türkmenlerinin sayısı hakkında sağlıklı bir bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Araplarla iç içe yaşadıkları için bu zor olmakla beraber bazı araştırmacılar şu anda 400–500 bin kişi arasında olduklarını tahmin etmektedir.}}</ref>  || N/A || [[Turks in Palestine]] ||  
|-
| {{flag|Syria}}  || N/A || 500,000–3.5 million<ref>{{Cite news|year=2015|title=Who are the Turkmen in Syria?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-34910389|quote=There are no reliable population figures, but they are estimated to number between about half a million and 3.5 million.|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Enab Baladi|year=2015|title=تركمان سوريا والعودة إلى الجذور |url=http://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/96371|quote=رغم غياب الإحصائيات الدقيقة لأعداد التركمان في سوريا، إلى أن أعدادهم تقدر ما بين 750 ألف إلى مليون ونصف تركماني، يتركز معظمهم في المناطق الشمالية مثل حلب، اللاذقية، حمص وحماة، بالإضافة إلى دمشق.|author-link=Enab Baladi}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Khalifa |first=Mustafa|year=2013|title=The impossible partition of Syria|url=http://www.arab-reform.net/en/node/510 |page=4|publisher=Arab Reform Initiative|quote=Turkmen are the third largest ethnic group in Syria, making up around 4–5% of the population. Some estimations indicate that they are the second biggest group, outnumbering Kurds, drawing on the fact that Turkmen are divided into two groups: the rural Turkmen who make up 30% of the Turkmen in Syria and who have kept their mother tongue, and the urban Turkmen who have become Arabised and no longer speak their mother language.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=BBC Arabic|year=2015 |title=من هم التركمان في سوريا ؟ |url=http://www.bbc.com/arabic/worldnews/2015/11/151124_turkmen_in_syria |quote=وليست هناك إحصائيات دقيقة عن عدد التركمان ، لكن يقدر عددهم بين 1.5 إلى 3.5 مليون .}}</ref>  || N/A || [[Syrian Turkmens]] || [[Syrian Turkmen#Notable people|List of Syrian Turks]] 
|-
|}

====Turkish minorities in North Africa====
{{see also|Turks in the Arab world|Kouloughlis}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Census figures !! Alternate estimates !! Legal recognition || Further information !! [[Lists of Turks]] by country
|-
|-
| {{flag|Algeria}}  || N/A || 5%<ref name="OBG">{{citation |year=2008|title=The Report: Algeria 2008|publisher=Oxford Business Group|isbn=978-1-902339-09-2|page=10|quote=...the Algerian population reached 34.8 million in January 2006...Algerians of Turkish descent still represent 5% of the population and live mainly in the big cities [accounting to 1.74 million]}}</ref> to 25% of Algeria's population<ref name=Hizmetli1953>{{citation |last=Hizmetli |first=Sabri|year=1953|title=Osmanlı Yönetimi Döneminde Tunus ve Cezayir'in Eğitim ve Kültür Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış|page=10|journal=Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi|volume=32|quote=Bunun açık belgelerinden birisi, aradan birbuçuk yüzyıllık sömürgecilik döneminin geçmiş olmasına rağmen, Cezayirli ve Tunusluların 25 %'nin Türk asıllı olduğunu övünerek söylemesi, sosyal ve kültürel hayatta Türk kültürünün varlığını hissettirmeye devam etmesi, halk dilinde binlerce Türkçe kelimenin yaşamasıdir.|url=http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/37/776/9921.pdf }}</ref>  <br/> 600,000 to 2 million<ref name="OBG"/><ref>{{citation|year=2008 |title=Cezayir Ülke Raporu 2008 |page=4 |publisher=T.R. Algeria Embassy Trade Consultancy|quote=Bunun dışında, büyük bir bölümü Tlemcen şehri civarında bulunan ve Osmanlı döneminde buraya gelip yerleşen 600–700 bin Türk kökenli kişinin yaşadığı bilinmektedir. Fransız Büyükelçiliği, kendi kayıtlarına göre bu rakamın 2 milyon civarında olduğunu açıklamaktadır.|url=http://www.musavirlikler.gov.tr/altdetay.cfm?AltAlanID=368&dil=TR&ulke=DZ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929205227/http://www.musavirlikler.gov.tr/altdetay.cfm?AltAlanID=368&dil=TR&ulke=DZ|archive-date=29 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Özkan|first1=Fadime|year=2015 |title=Deneme Bir İki|page=475|publisher=Okur Kitaplığı |quote=Cezayir'de Türk rakamlarına göre 600 bin, Fransız rakamlarına göre 2 milyon Türk asıllı Cezayirlinin yaşadığını...|isbn=978-6054877942}}.</ref><ref>{{citation|publisher=Strateji Geliştirme Daire Başkanlığı|year=2010|url=http://www.gtb.gov.tr/data/51d55f17487c8e0f30a44f5a/gumrukbulteni3.pdf|title=Sosyo-Ekonomik Açıdan Cezayir|journal=Gümrük ve Ticaret Bülteni|issue=3|page=35|quote=Bu sistem ile Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun bu topraklarda hüküm sürdüğü yaklaşık üç yüzyıllık sürede, bir milyon Türk genci Cezayir’e gönderilmiştir. Birçoğu çatışmalar ve savaşlar esnasında ölen bu gençlerden bir bölümünün sağ kalarak soylarını sürdürmekte olduğu düşünülmektedir. Cezayir resmi kaynaklarınca 600–700 bin, Fransız Büyükelçiliği’nce 2 milyon olarak açıklanan Cezayir’deki Türk asıllı vatandaş sayısı, kanaatime göre çok daha fazladır. Zira, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde gönderilen bir milyon Yeniçeri içerisinden ticaretle uğraşan ve oralardaki bayanlarla evlenerek soyunu devam ettiren çok sayıda gencin mevcut olduğu, bunların da yaklaşık 500 yıl içerisinde çoğaldıkları tahmin edilmektedir. 18. yüzyılda toplam nüfusun içerisinde % 30’luk paya sahip olan Türklerin, günümüzde % 0,2’lik (binde iki) bir paya sahip olması pek açıklayıcı görünmemektedir.|access-date=5 November 2017|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113013123/https://www.gtb.gov.tr/data/51d55f17487c8e0f30a44f5a/gumrukbulteni3.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br/> up to 9.5 million (including partial Turkish origin){{Citation needed|date=November 2020}}|| N/A || [[Turks in Algeria]] || [[Turks in Algeria#Notable people|List of Algerian Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Egypt}}  || N/A || 1 to 1.2 million<ref>{{cite web|title=The genetic map of Egypt |work=National Geographic|url=http://m.cairoscene.com/Buzz/National-Geographic-s-DNA-Analysis-Proves-Egyptians-Are-Only-17-Arab}}</ref> <br/> plus 100,000 [[Cretan Turks]]<ref name=Rippin>{{Cite book|last=Rippin|first=Andrew|year=2008|title=World Islam: Critical Concepts in Islamic Studies|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0415456531}}</ref> || N/A || [[Turks in Egypt]] || [[Turks in Egypt#Notable people|List of Egyptian Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Libya}}  || 35,062 or 4.7% of Libya's population (1936 census)<ref>{{citation |last=Pan|first=Chia-Lin|year=1949|title=The Population of Libya|journal=Population Studies|volume=3|issue=1|pages=100–125 |doi=10.1080/00324728.1949.10416359}}</ref> <br/> || 1,500,000<ref>{{citation |year=2015|title=Osmanlı torunları Libya'da dernek kurdu|url=http://www.milligazete.com.tr/yazdir/952242|work=[[Milli Gazette]] |quote=Actal, "Libya’da 1,5 milyonuz ama komşu ülkelerdekilerle birlikte en az 30 milyon Köroğlu Türkü var. Türkiye de dünya da bilsin istiyoruz, Türkiye yalnız değildir. Köroğluların gücü aynı zamanda Türkiye’nin gücüdür" şeklinde konuştu.}}</ref><br/> plus 100,000 [[Cretan Turks]]<ref name=Rippin/>|| N/A || [[Turks in Libya]] ||[[Turks in Libya#Notable people|List of Libyan Turks]] 
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}  ||  N/A ||  up to 25% of Tunisia's population<ref name=Hizmetli1953/> <br/> estimates: 500,000<ref name="Akar 1993 loc=95">{{citation|last=Akar|first=Metin|year=1993|title=Fas Arapçasında Osmanlı Türkçesinden Alınmış Kelimeler|journal=Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi|volume=7|pages=94–95|quote=Günümüzde, Arap dünyasında hâlâ Türk asıllı aileler mevcuttur. Bunların nüfusu Irak'ta 2 milyon, Suriye'de 3.5 milyon, Mısır'da 1.5, Cezayir'de 1 milyon, Tunus'ta 500 bin, Suudî Arabistan'da 150 bin, Libya'da 50 bin, Ürdün'de 60 bin olmak üzere 8.760.000 civarındadır. Bu ailelerin varlığı da Arap lehçelerindeki Türkçe ödünçleşmeleri belki artırmış olabilir.}}</ref>-2,000,000<ref name="HaftayaBakış">{{citation|last=Sertoglu|first=Sedat |year=1998|title=Haftaya Bakış|volume=7|issue=6|page=35|publisher=Bakış Basın Yayın Organizasyon|quote=Bugün Tunus'ta Türk kökenli 2 milyon insan yaşadığı bildirilmekte ve Dunlardan 60–70 yaşın üzerindekiler Türkçe bilmektedirler.}}.</ref>|| N/A || [[Turks in Tunisia]] || [[Turks in Tunisia#Notable people|List of Tunisian Turks]] 
|}

===Other Arab countries===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Census figures !! Alternate estimates !! Legal recognition || Further information !! [[Lists of Turks]] by country
|-
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}  || N/A || 150,000<ref name="Güzel">{{cite web|last=Güzel|first=Hasan Celâl|year=2016|title=Orta Doğuda Türk/Türkmen Varlığı|url=http://www.yeniturkiye.com/samplechapters/82/012.pdf|work=Yeni Turkiye|page=150|quote=Bunların dışında, Suudî Arabistan’da 150 bin Türk nüfusu, Mısır’da 150 bin civarında Ariş Türkleri, Yemen’de en az 200 bin Türk, Ürdün’de çok sayıda Türk asıllı nüfus yaşamaktadır. Mısır nüfusunun üçte birinin, yani 25 milyon nüfusun Türk asıllı olduğu ileri sürülmektedir.|access-date=5 November 2017|archive-date=31 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031034411/http://yeniturkiye.com/samplechapters/82/012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> || N/A ||[[Turks in Saudi Arabia]] || [[Turks in Saudi Arabia#Notable people|List of Saudi Arabian Turks]]
|-
|{{flag|Yemen}}  || N/A || 10,000 to 100,000<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Union of NGOs of The Islamic World|year=2014|title=Yemen Raporu|page=26|quote=Bu noktadan hareketle, bölgede yaklaşık 10 bin ila 100 bin arasında Türk asıllı vatandaş bulunduğu tahmin edilmektedir.}}</ref> or more than 200,000<ref name="Güzel"/> || N/A || [[Turks in Yemen]] || [[Turks in Yemen#Notable people|List of Yemeni Turks]]
|-
|}

==Turkish diasporas==
{{see also|Turkish diaspora|Turks in Europe}}

===Central Asia===

{| class="wikitable sortable" 
! Country !! Official State census figures !! Other estimates !! Further information !! [[Lists of Turks]] 
|-
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 97,015 (2009 Kazakh census)<ref name=Kazakh2009census>{{cite web|author=Агентство РК по статистике|title=ПЕРЕПИСЬ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН 2009 ГОДА|url=http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/Перепись%20рус.pdf|archive-url=https://archive.today/20191219215005/http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 December 2019|page=10|access-date=2011-02-13}}</ref>|| 150,000)<ref name="Aydıngün"/>-180,000<ref name="Al Jazeera"/> (Meskhetian Turks only)|| [[Turks in Kazakhstan]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}  || 38,878 (2009 Kyrgyz census)<ref>{{Citation|title=Population and Housing Census 2009. Chapter 3.1. Resident population by nationality |place=Bishkek |publisher=National Committee on Statistics |date=2010 |url=https://www.stat.gov.kg/media/files/9cd9d7ee-78f0-413e-885d-80f914049ebf.pdf |access-date=2021-12-14 |language=ru }}</ref> || 50,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Focus on Mesketian Turks |work=The New Humanitarian |url=http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=28663|access-date=2021-07-01|date=2005-06-08}}</ref> to 70,000{{sfn|Blacklock|2005|p=10}} (Meskhetian Turks only) || [[Turks in Kyrgyzstan]] || 
|-
| {{flag|Tajikistan}}  ||  1,360 (2010 Tajik census)<ref>{{cite web|title=БАРӮЙХАТГИРИИ АҲОЛӢ ВА ФОНДИ МАНЗИЛИ ҶУМҲУРИИ ТОҶИКИСТОН ДАР СОЛИ 2010 / Перепись населения и жилищного фонда Республики Таджикистан 2010 года |language=Tajik, ru |trans-title=POPULATION CENSUS AND HOUSING FUND THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN IN 2010 |url=http://www.stat.tj/en/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355502192.pdf |access-date=2016-05-28 |publisher=Statistical Agency under the President Republic of Tajikistan|page=59|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116004155/http://stat.tj/en/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355502192.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> ||  || [[Turks in Tajikistan]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Turkmenistan}}  || 13,000 (2012 Turkmen census)<ref>{{cite web|work=Asgabat|title=Национальный и религиозный состав населения Туркменистана сегодня|language=ru|trans-title=National and religious composition of the population of Turkmenistan today |url=http://asgabat.net/stati/obschestvo/nacionalnyi-i-religioznyi-sostav-naselenija-turkmenistana-segodnja.html|access-date=2016-05-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624062134/http://asgabat.net/stati/obschestvo/nacionalnyi-i-religioznyi-sostav-naselenija-turkmenistana-segodnja.html|archive-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>|| || [[Turks in Turkmenistan]] || 
|-
| {{flag|Uzbekistan}}  || 106,302 (1989 Uzbek census)<ref name="USSR1989"/>|| 15,000<ref>{{citation |last1=Aydıngün|first1=Ayşegül|last2=Harding|first2=Çigğdem Balım|last3=Hoover|first3=Matthew |last4=Kuznetsov|first4=Igor |last5=Swerdlow|first5=Steve|year=2006|title=Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettelment Experiences|url=http://www.cal.org/CO/pdffiles/mturks.pdf |publisher=Center for Applied Linguistics|page=23 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714205907/http://www.cal.org/co/pdffiles/mturks.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2007}}</ref>-38,000<ref name="Al Jazeera"/><ref>{{citation|last=Blacklock|first=Denika |year=2005 |title=Finding Durable Solutions for the Meskhetians|url=http://www.ecmi.de/download/Report_56.pdf |publisher=European Centre for Minority Issues|page=8|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602192035/http://www.ecmi.de/download/Report_56.pdf|archive-date=2 June 2010}}</ref> (Meskhetian Turks only)|| [[Turks in Uzbekistan]] || 
|}

===Europe===
In 2010 Boris Kharkovsky from the Center for Ethnic and Political Science Studies said that there was up to 15 million Turks living in the [[European Union]].<ref>{{citation|year=2010|title=52% of Europeans say no to Turkey's EU membership|work=[[Aysor]]|url=https://www.aysor.am/en/news/2010/02/02/turkey-europe/106730?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=5cadc325e9d6de274da7044b445bd172c7b2029e-1604753955-0-AVhYEz2aOybvH-qEPBsvvTpaib38A35FbqAgn6teGWuWeh48U9WebMfgeB7pDyti835gLNeS-jECj7JcmXfoYgHhsVqp5x66C2BKTSFGiVGxiw5PqhftOHz7nsSSjTFeaTP0PCXi7AWAmZmQvPS_UAXOWa5sA89tJ0mQObkZjZs3YvMe4mPkL3GRVgW7lkY67Wbd2ObEVwY8WkH8mjSEmlh2nN0XPKt9uF4ez2dmVArsQ-OEeET6EbYl19R6K6OB_o1zllMxypQhTFvwELlCScPf432jttv_ho4iUHZPKOqyXiG_TqKXWttoh6QAbveQgyOmNvsevk84nDkqw_NQhUo |quote=This is not all of a sudden, says expert at the Center for Ethnic and Political Science Studies, Boris Kharkovsky. “These days, up to 15 million Turks live in the EU countries...|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> According to Dr Araks Pashayan ten million "[[Turks in Europe|Euro-Turks]]" alone were living in [[Germany]], [[France]], the [[Netherlands]] and [[Belgium]] in 2012.<ref name=Pashayan>{{citation |last=Pashayan|first=Araks|year=2012|chapter=Integration of Muslims in Europe and the Gülen|title=European Muslims, Civility and Public Life: Perspectives On and From the Gülen Movement|editor1-last=Weller|editor1-first=Paul|editor2-last=Ihsan|editor2-first=Yilmaz|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtMmIs4NmqIC&q=There+are+around+10+million+Euro-Turks+living+in+the+European+Union+countries+of+Germany%2C+France%2C+the+Netherlands+and+Belgium.&pg=PA82|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|isbn=978-1-4411-0207-2|quote=There are around 10 million Euro-Turks living in the European Union countries of Germany, France, the Netherlands and Belgium.}}</ref> In addition, there are also significant Turkish communities living in [[Austria]], the [[UK]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italy]], [[Liechtenstein]] and the [[Scandinavia|Scandinavian]] countries. 

Turks make up the largest ethnic minority group in [[Austria]], [[Denmark]], [[Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]]. 
{| class="wikitable sortable" 
! Country !!  State census figures on Turkish ethnicity !! Other estimates !! Further information !! [[Lists of Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Austria}}  || N/A <br/> The Austrian census does not collect data on ethnicity. || 360,000 (2011 est. by the [[:de:Initiative Minderheiten|Initiative Minderheiten]])<ref>{{citation |year=2011|title=Warum die Türken?|url=https://homepage.univie.ac.at/sabine.strasser/stimme_78_editorial.pdf|work=[[:de:Initiative Minderheiten|Initiative Minderheiten]]|volume=78|quote=Was sind die Gründe für dieses massive Unbehagen angesichts von rund 360.000 Menschen türkischer Herkunft?}}</ref> <br/> 400,000 (2010 est. by [[Ariel Muzicant]])<ref>{{cite web|last=Weiss|first=Alexia|title=Erheblicher Anstieg antisemitischer Vorfälle in Wien|url=https://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/juedische-welt/erheblicher-anstieg-antisemitischer-vorfaelle-in-wien/|quote=Muzicant wandte sich am Donnerstag in einem Brief an alle Gemeindemitglieder. Er sichert darin Hilfe der IKG zu und ruft alle, die Opfer solcher Übergriffe werden, auf, sich bei der Kultusgemeinde zu melden und Anzeige bei der Polizei zu erstatten. »Wir dürfen nicht zulassen, dass der Antisemitismus jetzt auf die 400.000 in Österreich lebenden Türken übergreift. |work=[[:de:Jüdische Allgemeine|Jüdische Allgemeine]]|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref> <br/> 500,000 (est. by [[Andreas Mölzer]])<ref>{{cite web|last=[[Andreas Mölzer|Mölzer, Andreas]]|title=In Österreich leben geschätzte 500.000 Türken, aber kaum mehr als 10–12.000 Slowenen|url=http://www.andreas-moelzer.at/index.php?id=24|access-date=30 October 2020|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722212601/http://www.andreas-moelzer.at/index.php?id=24|archive-date=2012-07-22}}</ref> 
 || [[Turks in Austria]] || [[List of Austrian Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Belarus}} || 55 (1989 Belarusian Census)<ref name="USSR1989"/>|| || ||
|-
| {{flag|Belgium}} || N/A <br/> The Belgian census does not collect data on ethnicity. || Over 200,000 (2012 estimate by Professor [[Raymond Taras]])<ref>{{citation |last=[[Raymond Taras|Taras, Raymond]] |year=2012|title=Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|isbn=978-0748654895|page=160|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rTyrBgAAQBAJ&q=It+follows+that+large+Muslim+minorities+like+the+Turks+-+who+total+over+200%2C000+in+Belgium...&pg=PA160 |quote=It follows that large Muslim minorities like the Turks – who total over 200,000 in Belgium}}</ref> <br/> 250,000 (2019 estimate by Dr Altay Manço and Dr Ertugrul Taş)<ref>{{citation |last1=Manço|first1=Altay|last2=Taş|first2=Ertugrul|year=2019|title=Migrations Matrimoniales: Facteurs de Risque en Sante´ Mentale|page=444|url= |journal=[[The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry]]|volume=64|issue=6 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]]|doi=10.1177/0706743718802800|pmid=30380909 |pmc=6591757}}</ref> || [[Turks in Belgium]] || [[List of Belgian Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Czech Republic}} || || 1,700<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Turkey's Political Relations with Czech Republic|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-czech-republic.en.mfa|access-date=2010-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514024816/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-czech-republic.en.mfa|archive-date=14 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> || [[Turks in the Czech Republic]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Denmark}}  || N/A <br/> The Danish census does not collect data on ethnicity.  || 70,000 (2008 estimate by the [[DR (broadcaster)|Danish Broadcasting Corporation]])<ref>{{citation|last=Larsen|first=Nick Aagaard|year=2008 |title=Tyrkisk afstand fra Islamisk Trossamfund|publisher=[[DR (broadcaster)|Danish Broadcasting Corporation]]|url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/tyrkisk-afstand-fra-islamisk-trossamfund |quote=Ud af cirka 200.000 muslimer i Danmark har 70.000 tyrkiske rødder, og de udgør dermed langt den største muslimske indvandrergruppe.|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> || [[Turks in Denmark]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Estonia}}  || 544 (2011 Estonian census)<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Eesti Statistika 2008 |title=PC0436: POPULATION, 31. DECEMBER 2011 by Place of residence, Command of foreign languages, Sex and Mother tongue |url=http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/dialog/Saveshow.asp|access-date=2016-07-01}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> ||   || ||
|-
| {{flag|Finland}}  || || 10,000 (2010 estimate by Professor Zeki Kütük<ref>{{citation |last=Kütük |first=Zeki|year=2010|title=Finlandiya'da Yabancı Düşmanlığı, Sosyal Dışlanma ve Türk Diasporası |url=https://tasam.org/tr-TR/Icerik/4448/finlandiyada_yabanci_dusmanligi_sosyal_dislanma_ve_turk_diasporasi |quote=Toplam sayılarının 10 000 civarında olduğu tahmin edilen Türklerin...|publisher=[[:tr:TASAM|Türk Asya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi]]|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref>) || [[Turks in Finland]] ||
|-
| {{flag|France}}  || N/A <br/> The French census does not collect data on ethnicity. || 1,000,000 (2010 estimate by Dr Jean-Gustave Hentz and Dr Michel Hasselmann)<ref name=Hentz&Hasselmann2010>{{cite book|last1=Hentz|first1=Jean-Gustave|last2=Hasselmann|first2=Michel|year=2010|title=Transculturalité, religion, traditions autour de la mort en réanimation|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-2-287-99072-4_33|quote=La France d’aujourd’hui est une société multiculturelle et multiethnique riche de 4,9 millions de migrants représentant environ 8 % de la population du pays. L’immigration massive de populations du sud de l’Europe de culture catholique après la deuxième guerre mondiale a été suivie par l’arrivée de trois millions d’Africains du Nord, d’un million de Turcs et de contingents importants d’Afrique Noire et d’Asie qui ont implanté en France un islam majoritairement sunnite (Maghrébins et Africains de l’Ouest) mais aussi chiite (Pakistanais et Africains de l’Est).|publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer-Verlag France]]|doi=10.1007/978-2-287-99072-4_33|isbn=978-2-287-99072-4}}</ref> <br/> to over 1,000,000<ref name=Kerdat>{{citation|last=Kerdat|first=Marianne|year=2019|title=Donner une autre image de la Turquie à travers le cinéma|url=https://lepetitjournal.com/istanbul/comprendre-turquie/donner-une-autre-image-de-la-turquie-travers-le-cinema-262283|work=[[Le Petit Journal (website)|Le Petit Journal]] |quote=En France, la population franco-turque a dépassé le million.|access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=Gallard&Nguyen2020>{{citation|last1=Gallard |first1=Joseph|last2=Nguyen|first2=Julien|year=2020 |title=Il est temps que la France appelle à de véritables sanctions contre le jeu d'Erdogan |url=https://www.marianne.net/agora/tribunes-libres/il-est-temps-que-la-france-appelle-a-de-veritables-sanctions-contre-le-jeu-derdogan|work=[[Marianne (magazine)|Marianne]]|quote=... et ce grâce à la nombreuse diaspora turque, en particulier en France et en Allemagne. Ils seraient environ un million dans l'Hexagone, si ce n’est plus...es raisons derrière ne sont pas difficiles à deviner : l’immense population turque en Allemagne, estimée par Merkel elle-même aux alentours de sept millions et qui ne manquerait pas de se faire entendre si l’Allemagne prenait des mesures allant à l’encontre de la Turquie. |access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Nalci|first=Aris|title=An Interview with Garo Yalic, Advisor to Valerie Boyer|work=[[Armenian Weekly]] |url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2012/02/14/an-interview-with-garo-yalic-advisor-to-valerie-boyer/|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Fransa Diyanet İşleri Türk İslam Birliği |title=2011 YILI DİTİB KADIN KOLLARI GENEL TOPLANTISI PARİS DİTİB'DE YAPILDI |language=tr|trans-title=2011 GENERAL MEETING OF WOMEN'S ARMS HELD IN PARIS |url=http://www.fransaditib.com/?Syf=18&Hbr=255110|access-date=2012-02-15 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107092159/http://www.fransaditib.com/?Syf=18&Hbr=255110 |archive-date=7 January 2012}}</ref> || [[Turks in France]] || [[List of French Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Germany}}  || N/A <br/> The German census does not collect data on ethnicity. || at least 4,000,000<ref>{{citation |last1=Kötter|first1=I|last2=Vonthein|first2=R|last3=Günaydin|first3=I |last4=Müller|first4=C|last5=Kanz |first5=L|last6=Zierhut |first6=M|last7=Stübiger|first7=N|year=2003 |chapter=Behçet's Disease in Patients of German and Turkish Origin- A Comparative Study|title=Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Volume 528|editor-last=Zouboulis|editor-first=Christos |publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-306-47757-7|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1rAPBwAAQBAJ&q=Today%2C+more+than+4+million+people+of+Turkish+origin+are+living+in+Germany&pg=PA55 |page=55 |quote=Today, more than 4 million people of Turkish origin are living in Germany.}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Feltes, Thomas|last2=Marquardt|first2=Uwe|last3=Schwarz|first3=Stefan|year=2013 |chapter=Policing in Germany: Developments in the Last 20 Years|title=Handbook on Policing in Central and Eastern Europe|editor-last1=Mesko|editor-first1=Gorazd|editor-last2=Fields|editor-first2=Charles B.|editor-last3=Lobnikar|editor-first3=Branko |editor-last4=Sotlar|editor-first4=Andrej|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1461467205|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WZ1GAAAAQBAJ&q=Approximately+four+million+people+with+Turkish+roots+are+living+in+Germany+at+this+time&pg=PA93 |page=93|quote=Approximately four million people with Turkish roots are living in Germany at this time [2013].|author1-link=:de:Thomas Feltes}}</ref><ref name=Curtis2013>{{citation |last1=Curtis |first1=Michael|year=2013 |title=Jews, Antisemitism, and the Middle East|publisher=[[Transaction Publishers]]|isbn=978-1412851411|page=69|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WK00DwAAQBAJ&q=In+Germany+today+about+three+to+four+million+Turks%2C+about+5+percent+of+the+total+population%2C+reside.&pg=PA69|quote=In Germany today about three to four million Turks, about 5 percent of the total population, reside.}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Weaver-Hightower|first=Rebecca|year=2014 |chapter=Introduction|title=Postcolonial Film: History, Empire, Resistance|editor-last1=Weaver-Hightower |editor-first1=Rebecca|editor-last2=Hulme |editor-first2=Peter|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1134747276 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KbpAgAAQBAJ&q=By+the+end+of+the+first+decade+of+the+twenty-first+century+there+were+around+four+million+people+of+Turkish+descent+living+in+Germany&pg=PA13|page=13 |quote=By the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century there were around four million people of Turkish descent living in Germany...}}</ref><ref name=Rizvi2015>{{citation |last=Rizvi|first=Kishwar |year=2015|title=The Transnational Mosque: Architecture and Historical Memory in the Contemporary Middle East|publisher=[[University of North Carolina Press]]|page=36|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n1m0CAAAQBAJ&q=at+least+4+million+people+of+Turkish+descent+living+in+Germany&pg=PA36|isbn=978-1469621173|quote=...at least 4 million people of Turkish descent living in Germany.}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=[[Vamık Volkan|Volkan, Vamık ]]|year=2014|title=Enemies on the Couch: A Psychopolitical Journey Through War and Peace|publisher=[[Pitchstone Publishing]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-g6eCwAAQBAJ&q=Today%2C+for+example%2C+it+is+estimated+that+more+than+four+million+Turks+and+German+citizens+with+part+of+full+Turkish+ancestry+live+in+Germany+alone&pg=PT406|isbn=978-1939578112|quote=Today, for example, it is estimated that more than four million Turks and German citizens with part of full Turkish ancestry live in Germany alone.}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=[[Raymond Taras|Taras, Raymond]]|year=2015 |chapter="Islamophobia never stands still": race, religion, and culture |title=Racialization and Religion: Race, Culture and Difference in the Study of Antisemitism and Islamophobia|editor-last1=Nasar|editor-first1=Meer|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1317432449 |page=46|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nUGCAAAQBAJ&q=about+four+million+Turks+are+thought+to+live+in+Germany.&pg=PA46|quote=...about four million Turks are thought to live in Germany.}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Fernández-Kelly|first=Patricia |year=2015|chapter=Assimilation through Transnationalism: A Theoretical Synthesis|title=The State and the Grassroots: Immigrant Transnational Organizations in Four Continents|editor-last1=Portes |editor-first1=Alejandro |editor-last2=Fernández-Kelly|editor-first2=Patricia|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1782387350|page=305|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zyjfCQAAQBAJ&q=Nearly+fifty+years+later%2C+close+to+four+million+Turks+and+their+children+continue+to+reside+in+the+margins+of+German+society&pg=PA305|quote=Nearly fifty years later, close to four million Turks and their children continue to reside in the margins of German society}}</ref><ref>{{citation |author1-link=David B. Audretsch|last1=Audretsch, David B.|author2-link=Erik E. Lehmann|last2=Lehmann, Erik E. |year=2016|title=The Seven Secrets of Germany: Economic Resilience in an Era of Global Turbulence|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0190258696|page=130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLOlCgAAQBAJ&q=By+2010+the+number+of+Turkish+descent+living+in+Germany+had+increased+to+four+million.&pg=PT132|quote=By 2010 the number of Turkish descent living in Germany had increased to four million.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=Germany.Info|year=2011|publisher=German Missions in the United States |url=http://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/10__Press__Media/03__Trips/Nachwuchs__2011/Domfeh__S.html |title=Immigration and Cultural Issues between Germany and its Turkish Population Remain Complex |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106105301/http://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/10__Press__Media/03__Trips/Nachwuchs__2011/Domfeh__S.html |archive-date=6 January 2012}}</ref> to over 7,000,000<ref>{{citation|last=Szyszkowitz|first=Tessa|year=2005|chapter=Germany|title=Europe Confronts Terrorism|editor-last=Von Hippel|editor-first=Karin|isbn=978-0230524590|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pyx-DAAAQBAJ&q=It+is+a+little+late+to+start+the+debate+about+being+an+immigrant+country+now%2C+when+already+seven+million+Turks+live+in+Germany&pg=PA53|page=53|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |quote=A Senior European official in Brussels...remarking...'It is a little late to start the debate about being an immigrant country now, when already seven million Turks live in Germany'.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last1=Lacey |first1=James|author2-link=Williamson Murray|last2=Murray, Williamson|year=2013|title=Moment of Battle: The Twenty Clashes That Changed the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ELG97EYoEFIC&q=The+current+German+chancellor%2C+Angela+Merkel%2C+recently+made+world+news+when+she+said+Germany%27s+Leitlculmr+%28defining+culture%29+needs+to+be+accepted+by+Germany%27s+seven+million+Turkish+immigrants.&pg=PA79|publisher=[[Random House Publishing Group]]|page=79|quote=The current German chancellor, Angela Merkel, recently made world news when she said Germany's Leitkultur (defining culture) needs to be accepted by Germany's seven million Turkish immigrants.|isbn=978-0345526991}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Zestos|first1=George K.|last2=Cooke|first2=Rachel N.|year=2020|title=Challenges for the EU as Germany Approaches Recession|publisher=[[Levy Economics Institute]] |page=22 |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/wp_948.pdf|quote=Presently (2020) more than seven million Turks live in Germany.}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=[[Graham E. Fuller|Fuller, Graham E.]] |year=2020|title=Is Turkey Out of Control?|url=https://responsiblestatecraft.org/2020/12/04/is-turkey-out-of-control/|publisher=[[Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft]]|quote=Europe has always been reluctant to accept Turkey into the EU–partly due to a cultural bias against Muslims–despite the some seven million Turks living in Germany today.|access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Callaghan|first=Louise|year=2020 |title=German marines land in a war of words with Turkey over suspected arms smuggling |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/german-marines-land-in-a-war-of-words-with-turkey-over-suspected-arms-smuggling-l5xfmlghw|work=[[The Times]]|quote=An extra dimension in the row is that the warship was from Germany, which, as home to seven million people of Turkish descent, has always paid considerable attention to its relations with Ankara.|access-date=3 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=Gallard&Nguyen2020/>  || [[Turks in Germany]] || [[List of German Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Hungary}} || 1,565 (2001 Hungarian census)<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Hungarian Central Statistical Office|title=Factors of the nationality of the population based on affiliation with cultural values, knowledge of languages|url=http://www.nepszamlalas2001.hu/eng/volumes/18/tables/load2_39_1.html|access-date=2013-05-21}}</ref>|| 2,500<ref>{{cite web |author=Hurriyet|title=Macaristan Türk yatırımcı bekliyor |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/macaristan-turk-yatirimci-bekliyor-30287589|access-date=2016-06-22}}</ref>  || [[Turks in Hungary]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Iceland}} || || 68<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Statistics Iceland|title= Population by origin, citizenship and country of birth|url=http://www.statice.is/?PageID=1174&src=/temp_en/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=MAN12103%26ti=Population+by+country+of+birth%2C+sex+and+age+1+January+1998%2D2009++++++%26path=../Database/mannfjoldi/Faedingarland/%26lang=1%26units=Number |access-date= 3 June 2010}}</ref> ||  ||
|-
| {{flag|Ireland}} || N/A <br/> The Irish census does not collect data on ethnicity. || 3,000<ref>{{citation |last=Lacey|first=Jonathan|year=2007|title=Exploring the Transnational Engagements of a Turkic Religio-Cultural Community in Ireland|url=http://www.translocations.ie/volume1issue2/volume1issue2-8.pdf |website=www.translocations.ie|page=2|access-date=24 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220031007/http://www.translocations.ie/volume1issue2/volume1issue2-8.pdf|archive-date=20 February 2012}}</ref> || [[Turks in Ireland]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Italy}}  || N/A <br/> The Italian census does not collect data on ethnicity. || 30,000–50,000<ref>{{citation |last=Çakırer|first=Yasemin|year=2009|chapter=Göç Trafiğinde Araftakiler: İtalya’daki Türkler |title=Yurtdışındaki Türkler: 50. Yılında Göç ve Uyum|editor-last=Erdoğan|editor-first=Murat |publisher=Orion Kitabevi|isbn=978-9944-769-53-2|page=763}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=İtalya'da Türkçe Öğrenimine Talep |url=http://www.haberler.com/italya-da-turkce-ogrenimine-talep-5618902-haberi/ |work=Haberler|date=3 February 2015|access-date=2015-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=İtalya'daki Türk vatandaşları Kovid-19 nedeniyle kayıp vermedi |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/italyadaki-turk-vatandaslari-kovid-19-nedeniyle-kayip-vermedi-/1813990}}</ref> (excluding the Turkish minority in [[Moena]]) || [[Turks in Italy]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Latvia}} || || 142<ref>{{cite web|author=PMLP|title=Latvijas iedzivotaju sadalijums pec nacionala sastava un valstiskas piederibas|url=http://www.pmlp.gov.lv/lv/statistika/dokuments/2010/ISVN_Latvija_pec_TTB_VPD.pdf|access-date=2011-03-05|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722161711/http://www.pmlp.gov.lv/lv/statistika/dokuments/2010/ISVN_Latvija_pec_TTB_VPD.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> || [[:lv:Turki Latvijā]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Liechtenstein}} || || 1,000<ref>{{citation|last=Fürstentum Liechtenstein|year=2007 |title=Liechtenstein-Turkey|url=http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-skoe-bilateral-tuerkei-praesentation-en.pdf |website=liechtenstein.li |publisher=Fürstentum Liechtenstein|page=6}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> || [[Turks in Liechtenstein]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Lithuania}} || || 35<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Statistics Lithuania RSS|title=Population by place of birth and sex|url=http://www.stat.gov.lt/en/pages/view/?id=1762|access-date=2010-06-03}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}</ref> || ||
|-
| {{flag|Luxembourg}} || || 450<ref>{{cite web|publisher=du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg|title=Etat civil et population du Luxembourg: Ventilation par nationalité du répertoire|url=http://www.ecp.public.lu/repertoire/stats/|access-date=3 June 2010|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005113408/http://guichet.public.lu/fr/citoyens/citoyennete.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>  || ||
|-
| {{flag|Malta}}  || || 53<ref>{{citation|last=Amore|first=Katia|year=2005|title=Active Civic Participation of Immigrants in Malta|url=http://www.politis-europe.uni-oldenburg.de/download/Malta.pdf|website=www.politis-europe.uni-oldenburg.de|access-date=4 September 2009|page=15|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007065201/http://www.politis-europe.uni-oldenburg.de/download/Malta.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> || ||
|-
| {{flag|Moldova}}  || || || Turks in Moldova ||
|-
| {{flag|Monaco}} || || 57<ref>{{cite book|last=Kettani|first=Houssain|year=2014|url=http://rpsonline.com.sg/rpsweb/9789810772444.html|title=The World Muslim Population, History & Prospect|place=Singapore|publisher=Research Publishing Service|isbn=978-981-07-7244-4|page=4|access-date=18 November 2013|archive-date=3 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203124253/http://rpsonline.com.sg/rpsweb/9789810772444.html|url-status=dead}}.</ref> || ||
|-
| {{flag|Netherlands}}  || N/A <br/> The Dutch census does not collect data on ethnicity. || 500,000<ref>{{citation|last1=Aalberse|first1=Suzanne|last2=Backus|first2=Ad|last3=Muysken, Pieter|author3-link=:nl:Pieter Muysken |year=2019|title=Heritage Languages: A language Contact Approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ab-9DwAAQBAJ&q=the+Dutch+Turkish+community+over+the+years+must+have+numbered+half+a+million.&pg=PA90|page=90 |publisher=[[John Benjamins Publishing Company]]|quote=the Dutch Turkish community... out of a population that over the years must have numbered half a million.|isbn=978-9027261762}}</ref> to 2,000,000<ref>{{citation|author-link=Nathalie Tocci |last=Tocci, Nathalie|year=2003|title=EU Accession Dynamics and Conflict Resolution: The Case of Cyprus 1988-2002|url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1719/1/U183181.pdf|page=232|publisher=[[London School of Economics]] |quote=The Dutch government was concerned about Turkey’s reaction to the European Council’s conclusions on Cyprus, keeping in mind the presence of two million Turks in Holland and the strong business links with Turkey.}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=van Veen|first=Rita|year=2007|title='De koningin heeft oog voor andere culturen'|url=https://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/de-koningin-heeft-oog-voor-andere-culturen~be1cbe71/?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F|publisher=[[Trouw]]|quote=Erol kan niet voor alle twee miljoen Turken in Nederland spreken, maar hij denkt dat Beatrix wel goed ligt bij veel van zijn landgenoten.|access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{citation|year=2020|title=L1mburg Centraal: Fortuna gaat samenwerking aan met Turkse Beşiktaş|url=https://l1.nl/l1mburg-centraal-fortuna-gaat-samenwerking-aan-met-turkse-beikta-154451/|publisher=[[:nl:L1 (omroep)|L1mburg Centraal]]|quote= in de regio rondom Limburg, waar dik twee miljoen Turken binnen een...|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{citation|year=2020|title=Trots Fortuna Sittard gaat talenten scouten voor Besiktas |url=https://www.vi.nl/nieuws/trots-fortuna-sittard-gaat-talenten-scouten-voor-besiktas|publisher=[[Voetbal International]]|access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{citation |year=2021|title=Dutch child care subsidies scandal exposes country's systematic xenophobia, Turkophobia |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/news-analysis/dutch-child-care-subsidies-scandal-exposes-countrys-systematic-xenophobia-turkophobia|quote=Turks are the second-largest ethnic group in the Netherlands following the Dutch, with a population of about 2 million|work=[[Daily Sabah]]|access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref> || [[Turks in the Netherlands]] || [[List of Dutch people of Turkish descent]]
|-
| {{flag|Norway}}  || N/A <br/> The Norwegian census does not collect data on ethnicity.  || 16,000<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Statistics Norway|title=Persons with immigrant background by immigration category and country background 1 January 2010|url=http://www.ssb.no/innvbef_en/tab-2010-04-29-04-en.html|access-date=2010-06-03}}</ref> ||  [[Turks in Norway]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Poland}} || || 5,000 (2013 estimate from the [[Institute of Public Affairs, Poland]])<ref>{{citation|last=Pawłowska-Salińska|first=Katarzyna|year=2013|title=Nie pytaj Turka o kebab i język arabski |url=https://wyborcza.pl/1,75398,13642657,Nie_pytaj_Turka_o_kebab_i_jezyk_arabski.html?disableRedirects=true |work=[[Gazeta Wyborcza]] |quote=Turków jest w Polsce ok. 5 tys. – wynika z danych opracowanych przez Instytut Spraw Publicznych.|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref> || [[Turks in Poland]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Portugal}}  || || 1,363 (excluding naturalized citizens and people of Turkish origin)<ref>{{cite web |title=Estrangeiros em Portugal |url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2021.pdf |access-date=2010-06-03 |publisher=Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>|| ||
|-
| {{flag|Russia}} || Recorded 105,058 Turks and 4,825 Meskhetian Turks (2010 Russian census)<ref>{{cite web |work=Демоскоп Weekly|title=Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации |language=ru|trans-title=All-Russian population census 2010. Ethnic composition of the population of the Russian Federation |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_10.php|access-date=2012-01-30}}</ref>|| 120,000–150,000<ref>{{citation |last=Ryazantsev|first=Sergey V.|year=2009|title=Turkish Communities in the Russian Federation|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001886/188648e.pdf |journal=International Journal on Multicultural Societies |volume=11|issue=2|page=159}}.</ref> || [[Turks in Russia]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Slovakia}} || || 150<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|title=Long-term immigration by country of last residence and age in 2006|url=http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=4191|access-date=3 June 2010|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233345/http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=4191|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 || ||
|-
| {{flag|Slovenia}} || 259 (2002 Slovenian census)<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Statistical Office Of The Republic Of Slovenia|title= Population by ethnic affiliation, Slovenia, Census 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2002 |url=http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/rezultati/rezultati_red.asp?ter=SLO&st=7|access-date= 3 June 2010}}</ref> ||  || ||
|-
| {{flag|Spain}}  || N/A <br/> The Spanish census does not collect data on ethnicity. || 4,000<ref>{{cite web |work=Hürriyet Daily News|title=Turkey 'more democratic' under Erdoğan, says Spanish Muslim leader |url=http://hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=turkey-more-democratic-under-erdogan8217s-rule-2010-03-26|access-date=2010-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712233457/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=turkey-more-democratic-under-erdogan8217s-rule-2010-03-26|archive-date=12 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>  || [[Turks in Spain]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}}  || N/A <br/> The Swedish census does not collect data on ethnicity. || 100,000 (2009 estimate by the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs<ref>{{cite web|year=2009|title=Ankara Historia |publisher=[[Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs]]|url=http://www.swedenabroad.com/Page____24644.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722061226/http://www.swedenabroad.com/Page____24644.aspx |archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>) <br/> 150,000 (2018 estimate by the Swedish Consul General<ref>{{cite web|last=Sayıner|first=Arda|year=2018|title=Ankara Historia|work=[[Daily Sabah]] |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/history/2018/06/25/swedish-touch-in-turkey |quote=Having said that, a few thousand Swedish citizens currently live in Turkey and the number went up 60 percent in 2017. According to Hyden, Turkish hospitality played an important part behind this increase. She said around 150,000 Turkish citizens live in Sweden, which has a total population of 10 million. }}</ref>)
|| [[Turks in Sweden]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Switzerland}} || N/A <br/> The Swiss census does not collect data on ethnicity. || 100,000<ref>{{cite web |publisher=The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation|title=Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Turkey |url=http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/eur/vtur/biltur.html |access-date=2010-06-03}}</ref>-120,000<ref>{{cite web |publisher=The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation |title=Diaspora und Migrantengemeinschaften aus der Türkei in der Schweiz |url=http://www.ejpd.admin.ch/content/dam/data/migration/publikationen/diasporastudie-tuerkei-d.pdf |access-date=2008-12-16 |archive-date=14 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914062723/http://www.ejpd.admin.ch/content/dam/data/migration/publikationen/diasporastudie-tuerkei-d.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Türkische Gemeinschaft Schweiz|title=VERANSTALTUNGEN – PROJEKTE|url=http://www.itt-tgs.ch/|access-date=2011-02-09}}</ref> || [[Turks in Switzerland]] || [[List of Swiss Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}} || 8,844 Turks and 336 Meskhetian Turks (2001 Ukrainian census)<ref>{{cite web |publisher=State Statistics Service of Ukraine|title=Ukrainian Census (2001):The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue |url=http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/nationality_population/nationality_1/s5/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=100&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20%20_&n_page=6|access-date=2015-11-22}}</ref> || 10,000 (Meskhetian Turks only)<ref name="Aydıngün"/> || [[Turks in Ukraine]] ||
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}} || N/A || 500,000 (including 300,000–350,000 [[Turkish Cypriots]])<ref>{{citation |last=Home Affairs Committee |year=2011|title=Implications for the Justice and Home Affairs area of the accession of Turkey to the European Union|url=http://www.statewatch.org/news/2011/aug/eu-hasc-turkey-jha-report.pdf|publisher=The Stationery Office|isbn=978-0-215-56114-5|page=38}}</ref>|| [[British Turks|Turks in the United Kingdom]] || [[List of British Turks]]
|-
|}

===North America===

{| class="wikitable sortable" 
! Country !! Official State census figures !! Other estimates !! Further information !! [[Lists of Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Canada}}  || 63,955 (2016 Canadian census)<ref name="Statistics Canada">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2019 Census – 25% Sample data |series=[[Canada 2016 Census]] |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref> || 100,000 (2018 est. by Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter)<ref>{{citation|last=Aytaç|first=Seyit Ahmet|year=2018 |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/life/shared-issues-stronger-ties-canadas-envoy-to-turkey/1332258#|title=Shared issues, stronger ties: Canada's envoy to Turkey|quote=Turkish diaspora of some 100,000 Turks largely in Toronto is growing, says Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter{{nbsp}}... We have a growing Turkish diaspora and they’re doing very well in Canada. We think it’s 100,000, largely in Toronto. We have several thousand Turkish students in Canada as well.|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]]|access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref> <br/> Over 100,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://turkishfederation.ca/index.html|title=Welcome!|publisher=The Federation of Canadian Turkish Associations|quote=The Federation of Canadian Turkish Associations is an umbrella organization representing 17 member associations from Victoria BC to Quebec, which include approximately 100,000 Canadians of Turkish origin.|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2019|url=https://fccm.taste-of-asia.ca/journey-to-the-east-16th-taste-of-asia-and-asian-heritage-month-reception-may-1st-2018/ |title=Journey to the East: 16th Taste of Asia and Asian Heritage Month Reception May 1st, 2018 |publisher=Federation of Chinese Canadians in Markham |quote=With over 100,000 Turkish Canadians in Canada,... |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref> <br/> Plus 1,800 Turkish Cypriots<ref name=StarK>{{cite web |work=Star Kıbrıs|title=Sözünüzü Tutun|url=http://www.starkibris.net/index.asp?haberID=125704|access-date=10 September 2012}}</ref>|| [[Turkish Canadians]] || [[List of Turkish Canadians]] 
|-
| {{flag|United States}}  || 230,342 (2016 [[American Community Survey]] estimate)<ref>{{cite web |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|title=TOTAL ANCESTRY REPORTED Universe: Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_1YR_B04006&prodType=table|access-date=2012-10-03|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212734/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_11_1YR_B04006&prodType=table|archive-date=12 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> || More than 1,000,000 (2012 estimate by the former [[United States Secretary of Commerce]] [[John Bryson]])<ref name=Bryson2012>{{citation|year=2012|title=Remarks at Center for American Progress & Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey (TUSKON) Luncheon| publisher=[[U.S. Department of Commerce]]| url=https://2010-2014.commerce.gov/news/secretary-speeches/2012/04/05/remarks-center-american-progress-confederation-businessmen-and-in.html |quote=Here in the U.S., you can see our person-to-person relationships growing stronger each day. You can see it in the 13,000 Turkish students that are studying here in the U.S. You can see it in corporate leaders like Muhtar Kent, the CEO of Coca-Cola, and you can see it in more than one million Turkish-Americans who add to the rich culture and fabric of our country. |access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{citation|year=2012|title=Remarks by Commerce Secretary Bryson, April 5, 2012| url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/foreign-policy-bulletin/article/us-agrees-to-cash-transfer-to-help-stabilize-tunisian-economy/4890740F6A62FD3F965D33022031CC94|journal=Foreign Policy Bulletin|volume=22 |issue=3|page=137 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref>|| [[Turkish Americans]] || [[List of Turkish Americans]] 
|-
|}

===Oceania===

{| class="wikitable sortable" 
! Country !! Official State census figures !! Other estimates !! Further information !! [[Lists of Turks]]
|-
| {{flag|Australia}}  || 66,919 (2011 census)<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/02_2014/turkey.pdf |access-date=2016-04-06 |title=Community Information Summary |archive-date=19 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419153745/https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/02_2014/turkey.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>|| 150,000<ref>{{cite news |work=Sydney Morning Herald |title=Old foes, new friends |date=2005-04-23 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Old-foes-new-friends/2005/04/22/1114152326767.html |access-date=2008-12-26}}</ref> to 200,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Avustralyalı Türkler'den, TRT Türk'e tepki |url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/avustralyali-turkler-den--trt-turk-e-tepki/dunya/dunyadetay/14.05.2009/1094744/default.htm|website=MİLLİYET HABER – TÜRKİYE'NİN HABER SİTESİ}}</ref> <br/> Plus 40,000–120,000 Turkish Cypriots<ref name=StarK/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=TRNC Ministry of Foreign Affairs|title=Briefing Notes on the Cyprus Issue |url=http://www.trncinfo.com/tanitma/en/index.asp?sayfa=cms&dmid=0&cmsid=214&ssid=556095671|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927002327/http://www.trncinfo.com/tanitma/en/index.asp?sayfa=cms&dmid=0&cmsid=214&ssid=556095671|url-status=usurped|archive-date=27 September 2011|access-date=2010-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Kibris Gazetesi|title=Avustralya'daki Kıbrıslı Türkler ve Temsilcilik... |language=tr |trans-title=Turkish Cypriots and Representatives in Australia... |url=http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/printa.php?col=119&art=9711|access-date=2011-05-31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721144320/http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com/printa.php?col=119&art=9711|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=BRT|title=AVUSTURALYA'DA KIBRS TÜRKÜNÜN SESİ|language=tr|trans-title=THE VOICE OF TURKISH CYPRUS IN AUSTRALIA |url=http://www.brtk.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31316:avusturalyada-kibrs-tuerkuenuen-ses&catid=1:kktc&Itemid=3|access-date=2011-07-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323010924/http://www.brtk.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31316:avusturalyada-kibrs-tuerkuenuen-ses&catid=1:kktc&Itemid=3 |archive-date=2012-03-23}}</ref>||  [[Turkish Australians]] || [[List of Turkish Australians]] 
|-
| {{flag|New Zealand}}  || 957 (2013 census)<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Statistics New Zealand|title=2013 Census ethnic group profiles: Turkish|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/ethnic-profiles.aspx?request_value=24775&tabname=Populationandgeography|access-date=2016-04-07}}</ref> || 2,000–3,000<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Pearl of the Islands|title=How many Turks living in New Zealand?|url=http://pif.org.nz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73:question-how-many-turks-living-in-new-zealand-&catid=46:turkish-community&Itemid=79|access-date= 29 October 2008|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520183126/http://pif.org.nz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73:question-how-many-turks-living-in-new-zealand-&catid=46:turkish-community&Itemid=79 |archive-date=2010-05-20}}</ref> <br/> Plus 1,600 Turkish Cypriots<ref name=StarK/>|| [[Turks in New Zealand]] || 
|-
|}

===Other regions===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country !! Official State census figures !! Other estimates !! Further information !! [[Lists of Turks]] by country
|-
| {{flag|India}}  || N/A. The Indian census collects data on country of birth but does not collect data on ethnicity. but Turk peoples in India Have their organisation to protect their culture, they are mainly reside in the area of west Uttar Pradesh (state) consisting district of Moradabad, Sambhal, Amroha, Rampur, Turks are in majority in Sambhal town about 50%–60%   || 2,000<ref>{{cite web |author=Mehmet Ozkan|year=2010|title=Can the Rise of 'New' Turkey Lead to a 'New' Era in India-Turkey Relations?|location=New Delhi|publisher=Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses|page=10 |url=http://www.idsa.in/system/files/IB_IndiaTurkeyRelations.pdf}}</ref> || [[Turks in India]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}} || || 400 || [[Turks in Pakistan]] ||
|-
| {{flag|Peru}} || || 12,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espejodelperu.com.pe/Poblacion-del-Peru/Migraciones-europeas-minoritarias.htm|title=Migraciones europeas minoritarias|first=Erwin|last=Dopf|website=www.espejodelperu.com.pe}}</ref> || || 
|-
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|
|6,300<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turks |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/18274}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|}

==References and notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{citation |last=Akgündüz|first=Ahmet|year=2008|title=Labour migration from Turkey to Western Europe, 1960–1974: A multidisciplinary analysis|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-7390-3}}.
* {{citation|last=Blagojević|first=Gordana|year=2007|url=http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0350-0861/2008/0350-08610802149B.pdf|title=Recent Turkish Migrants in Serbia and the Role of the Serbian-Turkish Friendship Association|publisher=Ethnographic Institute of the SASA, Belgrade}}.
*{{citation|last=Federation of Turkish Associations in the UK|year=2008|title=BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FEDERATION OF TURKISH ASSOCIATIONS IN UK|url=http://www.turkishfederationuk.com/en/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=26|website=www.turkishfederationuk.com|publisher=Federation of Turkish Associations in the UK|access-date=24 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304212612/http://www.turkishfederationuk.com/en/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=26|archive-date=4 March 2009|url-status=usurped}}
*{{citation |last1=Extra|first1=Guus| last2=Gorter | first2=Durk |year=2001|title=The other languages of Europe: demographic, sociolinguistic, and educational perspectives|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=978-1-85359-509-7}}.
*{{citation |last=Hunter|first=Shireen|year=2002|title=Islam, Europe's second religion: the new social, cultural, and political landscape|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-97609-5}}.
*{{citation |last=Karpat|first=Kemal H.|year=2002|title=Studies on Ottoman social and political history: selected articles and essays|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-12101-0}}.
*{{citation |last=Karpat|first=Kemal H.|year=2004|title=Studies on Turkish Politics and Society: Selected Articles and Essays:Volume 94 of Social, economic, and political studies of the Middle East|publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-13322-8}}.
*{{citation |last=Kasaba|first=Reşat|year=2008|title=The Cambridge History of Turkey: Turkey in the Modern World|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-62096-3}}.
*{{citation|last1=Kaya|first1=Ayhan|last2=Kentel|first2=Ferhat|year=2004|title=Euro-Turks: A Bridge, or a Breach, between Turkey and the European Union?|website=www.osce.org|publisher=Istanbul Bilgi University|url=http://www.osce.org/documents/cio/2004/09/3533_en.pdf|access-date=30 April 2011|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225165603/https://www.osce.org/documents/cio/2004/09/3533_en.pdf|url-status=dead}}.
*{{Cite book|last1=Kibaroğlu|first1=Mustafa|last2=Kibaroğlu|first2=Ayșegül|last3=Halman|first3=Talât Sait |year=2009|title=Global security watch Turkey: A reference handbook|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-34560-9}}.
*{{citation|last=Oustinova-Stjepanovic|first=Galina|year=2008|title=Religion and Politics of Sufi Turks in Macedonia A pre-field proposal|place=www.ucl.ac.uk|publisher=University College London|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mariecuriesocanth/research_files/Poster_Oustinova.pdf}}
*{{citation |last=Scherrer|first=Christian P.|year=2003|title=Ethnicity, nationalism, and violence: conflict management, human rights, and multilateral regimes|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0-7546-0956-8}}.
*{{citation|last=TRNC PRIME MINISTRY STATE PLANNING ORGANIZATION|year=2006|title=TRNC GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING UNIT CENSUS|url=http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Census%202006.pdf|place=www.pekem.org|publisher=TRNC PRIME MINISTRY STATE PLANNING ORGANIZATION}}
*{{citation|last1=Twigg|first1=Stephen|last2=Schaefer|first2=Sarah|last3=Austin|first3=Greg|last4=Parker|first4=Kate|year=2005|title=Turks in Europe: Why are we afraid?|url=http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/597.pdf|place=fpc.org.uk|publisher=The Foreign Policy Centre|isbn=1903558794 <!-- 13-digit ISBN in source is invalid -->|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709223856/http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/597.pdf|archive-date=9 July 2011}}
*{{citation |last=Vachudová|first=Milada Anna|year=2005|title=Europe Undivided: Democracy, Leverage, and Integration After Communism |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-924119-4}}
*{{citation |last1=Warrander|first1=Gail|last2=Knaus|first2=Verena|year=2008|title=Bradt Travel Guide Kosovo|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-306-47757-7}}.
{{refend}}

{{Turkish people by country}}
{{Turkey topics}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Turkish Population}}
[[Category:Turkish diaspora|*]]
[[Category:Turkish communities outside Turkey]]