View source for Tinidazole

{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Drugbox
| verifiedrevid = 470610559
| image = Tinidazole.svg
| width = 160
| alt = 
| image2 = Tinidazole ball-and-stick model from xtal 2020.png

<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = Fasigyn, Simplotan, Tindamax
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|tinidazole}}
| MedlinePlus = a604036
| DailyMedID = Tinidazole
| pregnancy_AU = B3
| routes_of_administration = [[By mouth]]<ref name="AdisInsight">{{cite web | title=Tinidazole | website=AdisInsight | date=2 October 2021 | url=https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800024976 | access-date=26 February 2025}}</ref>
| ATC_prefix = J01
| ATC_suffix = XD02
| ATC_supplemental =  {{ATC|G01|AF21}}, {{ATC|J01|RA11}}, {{ATC|J01|RA13}}, {{ATC|J01|RA18}}, {{ATC|P01|AB02}}, {{ATC|P01|AB53}}, {{ATCvet|P51|AA02}}

| legal_AU = S4
| legal_UK = POM
| legal_US = Rx-only

<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| protein_bound = 12%
| metabolism = [[Liver]] ([[CYP3A4]])
| elimination_half-life = 12–14 hours
| excretion = Urine (20–25%), feces (12%)

<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 19387-91-8
| PubChem = 5479
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00911
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 5279
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 033KF7V46H
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D01426
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1220
| NIAID_ChemDB = 007940

<!--Chemical data-->
| IUPAC_name = 1-(2-ethylsulfonylethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazole
| C=8 | H=13 | N=3 | O=4 | S=1
| smiles = CCS(=O)(=O)CCN1C(=NC=C1[N+](=O)[O-])C
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C8H13N3O4S/c1-3-16(14,15)5-4-10-7(2)9-6-8(10)11(12)13/h6H,3-5H2,1-2H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = HJLSLZFTEKNLFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}

'''Tinidazole''', sold under the brand name '''Tindamax''' among others, is a medication used against [[protozoan infection]]s. It is widely known throughout Europe and the developing world as a treatment for a variety of [[Anaerobic respiration|anaerobic]] [[amoeba|amoebic]] and bacterial infections. It was developed in 1972 and is a prominent member of the [[nitroimidazole]] [[antibiotic]] class.<ref name=Ebel>{{cite book | vauthors = Ebel K, Koehler H, Gamer AO, Jäckh R | chapter = Imidazole and Derivatives. | title = In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry | date = 2002 | publisher = Wiley-VCH | doi = 10.1002/14356007.a13_661 | isbn = 3527306730 }}</ref>

It is on the [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO22nd">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) | year = 2021 | hdl = 10665/345533 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>

==Medical uses==
Tinidazole may be a therapeutic alternative in the setting of metronidazole intolerance.  Tinidazole is used to treat [[Helicobacter pylori eradication protocols|''Helicobacter pylori'']], [[Amoebiasis|Amoebic dysentery]], ''[[Giardia]]'' and ''[[Trichomonas vaginalis]]''.<ref name="pmid8444678">{{cite journal | vauthors = Edwards DI | title = Nitroimidazole drugs--action and resistance mechanisms. I. Mechanisms of action | journal = The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–20 | date = January 1993 | pmid = 8444678 | doi = 10.1093/jac/31.1.9 }}</ref>

== Side effects ==
Drinking alcohol while taking tinidazole causes an unpleasant [[disulfiram]]-like reaction, which includes nausea, vomiting, headache, increased blood pressure, flushing, and shortness of breath.{{medcn|date=December 2022}}

==Pharmacology==

===Pharmacokinetics===
Elimination half-life is 13.2 ± 1.4 hours. Plasma half-life is 12 to 14 hours.{{medcn|date=December 2022}}

==History==
Tinidazole was approved for treatment of bacterial vaginosis in the [[United States]] in 2007.<ref name="AdisInsight" />

==See also==
* [[Fenticonazole nitrate/lidocaine/tinidazole]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Other antibacterials}}
{{Gynecological anti-infectives and antiseptics}}
{{Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases}}
{{Excavata antiparasitics}}
{{Agents against amoebozoa}}
{{Portal bar | Medicine}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Antiprotozoal agents]]
[[Category:Disulfiram-like drugs]]
[[Category:Nitroimidazole antibiotics]]
[[Category:Sulfones]]
[[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]]