View source for Timeline of Solar System exploration

{{Short description|none}}
{{About|listing events in a comprehensive list|a timeline of first-ever achievements|Timeline of space exploration}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
[[File:Timeline of Solar System exploration.jpg|thumb|right|Charted timeline of Solar System exploration through December 2014]]
This is a '''timeline of Solar System exploration''' ordering events in the exploration of the Solar System by date of [[spacecraft]] launch.
It includes:

*All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of [[Discovery and exploration of the Solar System|Solar System exploration]] (or were launched with that intention but failed), including [[lunar probe]]s.
*A small number of pioneering or notable Earth-orbiting craft.{{Vague|date=April 2019}}

It does ''not'' include:

*Centuries of terrestrial telescopic observation. 
*The great majority of Earth-orbiting satellites.
*[[Space probe]]s leaving Earth orbit that are not concerned with Solar System exploration (such as [[space telescope]]s targeted at distant galaxies, [[cosmic background radiation]] observatories, and so on).
*Probes that failed at launch.

The dates listed are launch dates, but the achievements noted may have occurred some time later{{mdash}}in some cases, a considerable time later (for example, ''[[Voyager 2]]'', launched 20 August 1977, did not reach Neptune until 1989).

== 1950s ==
[[File:Sputnik asm.jpg|right|240px|thumb|[[Sputnik 1]] – First Earth orbiter]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Mission name
!Launch date
!Description
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} '''[[Sputnik 1]]'''
|4 October 1957
|'''First [[Earth]] orbiter'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-001B|title=Sputnik 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=8 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708130337/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-001B|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Sputnik">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Sputnik|title=Sputnik {{!}} satellites|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414164253/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Sputnik|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Sputnik 2]]
|3 November 1957
|Earth orbiter, '''first animal in orbit''', a dog named [[Laika]]
|<ref name="Sputnik" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-002A|title=Sputnik 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=29 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529081812/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1957-002A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/60-years-ago-the-first-animal-in-orbit|title=60 years ago: The First Animal in Orbit|last=Garcia|first=Mark|date=2017-11-06|website=NASA|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415202041/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/60-years-ago-the-first-animal-in-orbit/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Explorer 1]]
|1 February 1958
|Earth orbiter; discovered [[Van Allen radiation belts]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1958-001A|title=Explorer 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527180242/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1958-001A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Vanguard 1]]
|17 March 1958
|Earth orbiter; oldest spacecraft still in Earth orbit
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1958-002B|title=Vanguard 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213061610/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1958-002B|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 1]]
|2 January 1959
|'''First lunar flyby''' (attempted lunar impact?); first artificial satellite in [[heliocentric orbit]].
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-012A|title=Luna 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=2 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602031816/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-012A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3xxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46|title=The Race to the Moon Chronicled in Stamps, Postcards, and Postmarks: A Story of Puffery vs. the Pragmatic|last=Cavallaro|first=Umberto|date=2018-10-05|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319921532|pages=46|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgl_C0XrKTUC&pg=PA77|title=Soviet Robots in the Solar System: Mission Technologies and Discoveries|last1=JR|first1=Wesley T. Huntress|last2=Marov|first2=Mikhail Ya|date=2011-06-28|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781441978981|pages=77|language=en|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220007/https://books.google.com/books?id=rgl_C0XrKTUC&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Luna">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Luna-space-probe|title=Luna {{!}} space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415211118/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Luna-space-probe|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Pioneer 4]]
|3 March 1959
|Lunar flyby
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-013A|title=Pioneer 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=23 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223035908/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1959-013A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 4|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=14 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220337/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-4/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 2]]
|12 September 1959
|'''First extraterrestrial impact''' and '''lunar impact''', '''First artificial object on Moon'''
|<ref name="Luna" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-014A|title=Luna 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=25 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825003339/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-014A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 3]]
|4 October 1959
|Lunar flyby; First images of another celestial body taken from space, most notably, '''the far side of Moon'''
|<ref name="Luna" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-008A|title=Luna 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604001110/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-008A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==1960s==
[[File:Vostok spacecraft.jpg|right|240px|thumb|[[Vostok 1]] – First crewed Earth orbiter]]
[[File:Mariner 2.jpg|right|thumb|240px|[[Mariner 2]] – First successful Venus flyby]]
[[File:Mariner 3 and 4.jpg|right|thumb|240px|[[Mariner 4]] – First successful Mars flyby]]
[[Image:Luna-9-1.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[Luna 9]] – First successful lunar lander]]

[[File:Zond L1 drawing.svg|thumb|right|240px|[[Zond 5]] – First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first terrestrials to circle the Moon]] 
[[Image:Ap8-S68-56310.jpg|right|thumb|[[Apollo 8]] – First crewed lunar orbiter]]
[[File:Aldrin Looks Back at Tranquility Base - GPN-2000-001102.jpg|240px|right|thumb|[[Apollo 11]] – First crewed lunar landing]]
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|+
|-
!Mission name
!Launch date
!Description
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Pioneer 5]]
|11 March 1960
|Interplanetary space investigations
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1960-001A|title=Pioneer 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803093004/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1960-001A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-5/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 5|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=14 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220335/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-5/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 1]]
|12 February 1961
|'''First probe to another planet'''; Venus flyby (contact lost before flyby)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-003A|title=Venera 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=26 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126124517/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-003A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Venera">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Venera|title=Venera {{!}} Soviet space probes|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415202029/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Venera|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHKPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1649|title=The New York Times Almanac 2002|last=Wright|first=John|date=2006-05-23|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135455866|pages=1649|language=en|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220104/https://books.google.com/books?id=SHKPAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1649#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} '''[[Vostok 1]]'''
|12 April 1961
|'''First crewed Earth orbiter''' ([[Yuri Gagarin]])
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-012A|title=Vostok 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415202033/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-012A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Vostok-Soviet-spacecraft|title=Vostok {{!}} Soviet spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=3 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203010153/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Vostok-Soviet-spacecraft|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Ranger 1]]
|23 August 1961
|Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-021A|title=Ranger 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305200519/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1961-021A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 1|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=15 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220333/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ranger">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Ranger-space-probe|title=Ranger {{!}} space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220328/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Ranger-space-probe|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Ranger 2]]
|18 November 1961
|Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit)
|<ref name="Ranger" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1961-032A|title=Ranger 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=22 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222151328/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1961-032A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 2|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=15 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220336/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Ranger 3]]
|26 January 1962
|Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon)
|<ref name="Ranger" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-001A|title=Ranger 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108223625/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1962-001A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-3/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 3|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220333/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-3/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Ranger 4]]
|23 April 1962
|Lunar impact (but unintentionally became the '''first spacecraft to hit the lunar farside''' and returned no data)
|<ref name="Ranger" /><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Williamson|first1=Mark|year=1998|title=Protecting the space environment: Are we doing enough?|journal=Space Policy|volume=14|issue=1|pages=5–8|doi=10.1016/S0265-9646(97)00038-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-012A|title=Ranger 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629120238/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-012A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 4|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220328/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-4/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mariner 2]]
|27 August 1962
|'''First successful planetary encounter''', '''First successful Venus flyby'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-041A|title=Mariner 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220330/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-041A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-02/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 02|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220328/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-02/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/missions-to-venus-mercury.html|title=Missions to Venus and Mercury|website=www.planetary.org|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414210822/http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/missions-to-venus-mercury.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Ranger 5]]
|18 October 1962
|Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon)
|<ref name="Ranger" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-055A|title=Ranger 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=12 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412185622/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1962-055A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-5/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 5|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220329/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-5/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Mars 1]]
|1 November 1962
|'''First probe to Mars''': flyby (contact lost)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-061A|title=Mars 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=9 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109215750/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-061A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-01/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 01|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626143353/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-01/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 4]]
|2 April 1963
|Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1963-008B|title=Luna 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210023810/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1963-008B|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-04/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Luna 04|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217224748/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-04/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Cosmos 21]]
|11 November 1963
|Attempted Venera test flight?
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1963-044A|title=Cosmos 21|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210023808/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1963-044A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Ranger 6]]
|30 January 1964
|Lunar impact (cameras failed)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-007A|title=Ranger 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417124414/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-007A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-6/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 6|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220332/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-6/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Zond 1]]
|2 April 1964
|Venus flyby (contact lost)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-016D|title=Zond 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231445/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-016D|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 1|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327201931/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-1/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Zond">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Zond|title=Zond {{!}} space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808111717/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Zond|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Ranger 7]]
|28 July 1964
|Lunar impact (success)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-041A|title=Ranger 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720191314/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-041A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-7/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 7|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220340/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-7/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/ra7_b001.html|title=Image of the Moon taken by a Ranger 7|website=NSAS NSSDC Image Catalog|access-date=2020-09-07|archive-date=25 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325042030/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/ra7_b001.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Voskhod 1]]
|12 October 1964
|'''First orbiter with multimember crew'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-065A|title=Voskhod 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=19 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519110817/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-065A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Voskhod">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Voskhod-spacecraft|title=Voskhod {{!}} spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505173158/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Voskhod-spacecraft|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mariner 3]]
|5 November 1964
|Attempted Mars flyby (failed to attain correct trajectory)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-073A|title=Mariner 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=23 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623013205/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-073A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-03/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 03|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220334/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-03/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mariner 4]]
|28 November 1964
|'''First successful Mars flyby''' (taking the '''first close-up image of another planet''')<ref name="u445">{{cite web | title=Attempt to Take Pictures of Black Space Scrubbed | website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) | date=August 21, 1965 | url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/attempt-to-take-pictures-of-black-space-scrubbed/ | access-date=April 15, 2025}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-077A|title=Mariner 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904174225/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1964-077A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-04/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 04|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220338/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-04/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Zond 2]]
|30 November 1964
|Mars flyby (contact lost)
|<ref name="Zond" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1964-078C|title=Zond 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227140350/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1964-078C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 2|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327214828/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-2/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Ranger 8]]
|17 February 1965
|Lunar impact
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-010A|title=Ranger 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915132854/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-010A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-8/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 8|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220335/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-8/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Voskhod 2]]
|18 March 1965
|'''First [[space walk]]''', by [[Alexei Leonov]]
|<ref name="Voskhod" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-022A|title=Voskhod 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514152511/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-022A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Ranger 9]]
|21 March 1965
|Lunar impact
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-023A|title=Ranger 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417135915/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-023A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-9/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ranger 9|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415220342/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ranger-9/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1]]
|6 May 1965
|'''Oldest spacecraft still in use'''{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-034C|title=LCS 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809093802/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-034C|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 5]]
|9 May 1965
|Lunar impact (attempted soft landing)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-036A|title=Luna 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417115719/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-036A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 6]]
|8 June 1965
|Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-044A|title=Luna 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210023910/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-044A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Zond 3]]
|18 July 1965
|Lunar flyby
|<ref name="Zond" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-056A|title=Zond 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319080557/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-056A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-3/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 3|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=24 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624113127/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-3/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 7]]
|4 October 1965
|Lunar impact (attempted soft landing)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-077A|title=Luna 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417154612/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-077A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 2]]
|12 November 1965
|Venus flyby (contact lost)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-091A|title=Venera 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231450/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1965-091A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Venera"/>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 3]]
|16 November 1965
|Venus lander (contact lost) – '''First spacecraft to reach another planet's atmosphere and surface''', '''First Venus impact'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-092A|title=Venera 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144533/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-092A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Venera"/>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 8]]
|3 December 1965
|Lunar impact (attempted soft landing?)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-099A|title=Luna 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417114928/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-099A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Pioneer 6]]
|16 December 1965
|"[[Space weather]]" observations
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-105A|title=Pioneer 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804074923/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-105A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-06/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 06|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626082531/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-06/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Pioneer" /><ref name="ABC-CLIO">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZNxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|title=Space Exploration and Humanity: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia|last=[[American Astronautical Society]]|date=2010-08-23|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781851095193|pages=244|language=en|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220113/https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZNxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 9]]
|31 January 1966
|'''First extraterrestrial lander''' and '''lunar lander'''
|<ref name="Luna" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-006A|title=Luna 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417154714/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-006A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 10]]
|31 March 1966
|'''First extraterrestrial orbiter''' (except [[heliocentric orbit|heliocentric]]) and '''first lunar orbiter'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-027A|title=Luna 10|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=27 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727112359/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-027A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Surveyor 1]]
|30 May 1966
|Lunar lander
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-045A|title=Surveyor 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927153246/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-045A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Surveyor">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Surveyor-space-probe|title=Surveyor {{!}} space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808111618/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Surveyor-space-probe|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 1|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210222141/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Explorer 33]]
|1 July 1966
|Attempted lunar orbiter (failed to attain lunar orbit)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-058A|title=Explorer 33|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214081129/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-058A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/explorer-33/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Explorer 33|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714014655/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/explorer-33/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lunar Orbiter 1]]
|10 August 1966
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-073A|title=Lunar Orbiter 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807023134/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-073A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Orbiter 1|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115031713/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lunar Orbiter">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Lunar-Orbiter|title=Lunar Orbiter {{!}} spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808112226/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Lunar-Orbiter|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Pioneer 7]]
|17 August 1966
|"Space weather" observations
|<ref name="ABC-CLIO" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-075A|title=Pioneer 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210024103/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-075A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-07/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 07|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626213136/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-07/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 11]]
|24 August 1966
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-078A|title=Luna 11|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417114032/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-078A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Surveyor 2]]
|20 September 1966
|Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-084A|title=Surveyor 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428103211/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-084A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 2|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232707/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 12]]
|22 October 1966
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-094A|title=Luna 12|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417123124/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-094A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lunar Orbiter 2]]
|6 November 1966
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-100A|title=Lunar Orbiter 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417115006/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-100A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Orbiter 2|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=23 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123210106/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 13]]
|21 December 1966
|Lunar lander
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-116A|title=Luna 13|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122012645/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-116A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lunar Orbiter 3]]
|5 February 1967
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-008A|title=Lunar Orbiter 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417154335/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-008A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-3/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Orbiter 3|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232703/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-3/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Surveyor 3]]
|17 April 1967
|Lunar lander
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-035A|title=Surveyor 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904165614/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-035A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-3/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 3|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=19 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119082245/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-3/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lunar Orbiter 4]]
|4 May 1967
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-041A|title=Lunar Orbiter 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417143629/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-041A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Orbiter 4|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232712/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-4/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 4]]
|12 June 1967
|'''First functioning extraterrestrial atmospheric probe (Venus)'''
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-058A|title=Venera 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144526/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-058A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mariner 5]]
|14 June 1967
|Venus flyby
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-060A|title=Mariner 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108205835/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1967-060A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-05/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 05|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407112813/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-05/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Surveyor 4]]
|14 July 1967
|Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-068A|title=Surveyor 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428103155/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-068A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 4|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232709/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-4/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Explorer 35|Explorer 35 (IMP-E)]]
|19 July 1967
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-070A|title=Explorer 35|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417121455/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-070A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lunar Orbiter 5]]
|1 August 1967
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref name="Lunar Orbiter" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-075A|title=Lunar Orbiter 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417141357/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-075A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-5/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Orbiter 5|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232701/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-5/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Surveyor 5]]
|8 September 1967
|Lunar lander
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-084A|title=Surveyor 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428103223/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-084A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-5/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 5|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232706/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-5/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Surveyor 6]]
|7 November 1967
|Lunar lander, '''first lift-off from an extraterrestrial body'''
|<ref name="Surveyor" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-112A|title=Surveyor 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428103234/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-112A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-6/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 6|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232701/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-6/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 4]]
|9 November 1967
|Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (uncrewed)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-113A|title=Apollo 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119052637/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-113A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Pioneer 8]]
|13 December 1967
|"Space weather" observations
|<ref name="ABC-CLIO" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-123A|title=Pioneer 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629120152/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-123A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-08/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 08|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626213132/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-08/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Surveyor 7]]
|7 January 1968
|Lunar lander
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-001A|title=Surveyor 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428103251/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-001A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-7/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Surveyor 7|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217232701/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/surveyor-7/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 5]]
| 22 January 1968
|Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (uncrewed)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-007A|title=Apollo 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308001700/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1968-007A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-007B|title=Apollo 5 LM-1/Descent|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=9 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809203830/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-007B|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Zond 4]]
|2 March 1968
|Lunar programme test flight out of Earth orbit (uncrewed)
|<ref name="Zond" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-013A|title=Zond 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210030817/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-013A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 4|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128210046/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-4/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-zond-4-launched-successfully|title=50 Years Ago: Zond 4 launched successfully.|last=Wong|first=Michael|date=2018-03-06|website=NASA|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=29 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529045047/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-zond-4-launched-successfully/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 14]]
|7 April 1968
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-027A|title=Luna 14|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417135601/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-027A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Zond 5]]
|14 September 1968
|'''First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first life forms to circle the Moon'''
|<ref name="Zond" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-076A|title=Zond 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629021123/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-076A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-5/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 5|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221015504/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-5/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-on-the-way-to-the-moon-0|title=50 Years Ago: On the Way to the Moon|last=Mars|first=Kelli|date=2018-09-18|website=NASA|access-date=2019-04-16|quote=the first living organisms to have made a circumlunar flight|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803183933/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/50-years-ago-on-the-way-to-the-moon-0/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LgfkBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|title=Planetary Landscapes|last=Greeley|first=R.|date=2013-04-17|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781475722932|pages=20|language=en|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220008/https://books.google.com/books?id=LgfkBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 7]]
| 11 October 1968
|Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (crewed)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-089A|title=Apollo 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028121418/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-089A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Apollo">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Apollo-space-program|title=Apollo {{!}} History, Missions, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415171530/https://www.britannica.com/science/Apollo-space-program|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Pioneer 9]]
|8 November 1968
|"Space weather" observations
|<ref name="ABC-CLIO" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-100A|title=Pioneer 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210024400/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-100A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-09/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 09|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626135451/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-09/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Zond 6]]
|10 November 1968
|Lunar flyby and return to Earth
|<ref name="Zond" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-101A|title=Zond 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404021615/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-101A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-6/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 6|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221015503/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-6/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} '''[[Apollo 8]]'''
|21 December 1968
|'''First crewed spacecraft to leave Earth orbit, first crewed lunar orbiter'''
|<ref name="Apollo" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-118A|title=Apollo 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210024424/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-118A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-8/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 8|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420091025/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-8/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 5]]
|5 January 1969
|Venus atmospheric probe
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-001A|title=Venera 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144545/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-001A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 6]]
|10 January 1969
|Venus atmospheric probe
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-002A|title=Venera 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144537/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-002A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mariner 6]]
|25 February 1969
|Mars flyby
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-014A|title=Mariner 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714112749/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-014A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-06/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 06|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407185450/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-06/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 9]]
|3 March 1969
|Crewed lunar lander (LEM) flight test in Earth orbit
|<ref name="Apollo" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-018A|title=Apollo 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=8 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308005117/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-018A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mariner 7]]
|27 March 1969
|Mars flyby
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-030A|title=Mariner 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227065600/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1969-030A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-07/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 07|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=25 January 2018 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207031902/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-07/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 10]]
|18 May 1969
|Crewed lunar orbiter
|<ref name="Apollo" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-043A|title=Apollo 10|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=29 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429070929/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-043A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-10/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 10|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420091021/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-10/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 15]]
|13 July 1969
|Second attempted lunar sample return
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-058A|title=Luna 15|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417155543/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-058A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-15/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Luna 15|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410114541/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-15/in-depth|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} '''[[Apollo 11]]'''
|16 July 1969
|'''First crewed lunar landing''' and '''first successful sample return mission'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-11|title=Apollo 11 {{!}} Facts & Pictures|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330150833/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-11|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-11/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 11|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420091023/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-11/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059A|title=Apollo 11 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210000804/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059C|title=Apollo 11 Lunar Module / EASEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210000821/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/samples/|title=Apollo 11 Lunar Sample Overview|website=www.lpi.usra.edu|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=9 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909154147/https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/samples/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Zond 7]]
|7 August 1969
|Lunar flyby and return to Earth
|<ref name="Zond" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-067A|title=Zond 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=30 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630014131/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-067A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-7/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 7|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=29 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729213516/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-7/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 12]]
|14 November 1969
|Crewed lunar landing
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-099A|title=Apollo 12 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418163112/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-099A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-099C|title=Apollo 12 Lunar Module / ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715212816/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-099C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-12/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 12|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420091022/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-12/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==1970s==

[[File:Mars3 lander vsm.jpg|right|220px|thumb|[[Mars 3]] – First Mars lander]]
[[File:Pioneer 10 at Jupiter.jpg|thumb|220x220px|''[[Pioneer 10]]'' – First Jupiter flyby]]
[[File:Mariner 10.jpg|right|220px|thumb|[[Mariner 10]] – First Mercury flyby]]
[[File:Voyager spacecraft.jpg|right|220px|thumb|''[[Voyager 2]]'' – First Uranus/first Neptune flyby]]
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|+
|-
!Mission name
!Launch date
!Description
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 13]]
|11 April 1970
|Crewed lunar flyby and return to Earth (crewed lunar landing aborted). '''Farthest from Earth a human has gone (401,056&nbsp;km)'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-13-mission|title=Apollo 13 {{!}} United States spaceflight|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=5 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105132700/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apollo-13-mission|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-029A|title=Apollo 13 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407223412/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-029A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-029C|title=Apollo 13 Lunar Module/ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=19 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019204208/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-029C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-13/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 13|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103135/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-13/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 7]]
|17 August 1970
|'''First Venus lander''' and the '''first spacecraft to "soft" land on another planet''' (with some data returned from the surface)
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-060A|title=Venera 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411083507/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-060A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-7/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 7|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=26 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626174306/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-7/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 16]]
|12 September 1970
|'''First robotic lunar sample return'''
|<ref name="Luna" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-072A|title=Luna 16|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524155024/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-072A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Zond 8]]
|20 October 1970
|Lunar flyby and return to Earth
|<ref name="Zond" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-088A|title=Zond 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210024732/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-088A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-8/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Zond 8|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217231516/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/zond-8/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 17|Luna 17/Lunokhod 1]]
|10 November 1970
|'''First remote controlled rover'''
|<ref name="Luna" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/35090-lunokhod-1.html|title=Lunokhod 1: 1st Successful Lunar Rover|last=Howell|first=Elizabeth|date=2016-12-20|website=Space.com|language=en|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215235522/https://www.space.com/35090-lunokhod-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 14]]
|31 January 1971
|Crewed lunar landing
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008A|title=Apollo 14 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=31 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131000015/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008C|title=Apollo 14 Lunar Module /ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=4 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904170044/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-14/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 14|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103133/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-14/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Salyut 1]]
|19 April 1971
|'''First space station'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-032A|title=Salyut 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=5 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805120622/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-032A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Salyut|title=Salyut {{!}} History & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420085637/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Salyut|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Mars 2]]
|19 May 1971
|'''First Mars impact''', Mars orbiter and attempted lander; First rover ([[Prop-M]]) sent to another planet (Mars)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-045A|title=Mars 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144533/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-045A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-045D|title=Mars 2 Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615142210/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-045D|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-02/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 02|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417185110/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-02/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ieiqjz_pxQYC&pg=PT428|title=Space and Defense Policy|last1=Coletta|first1=Damon|last2=Pilch|first2=Frances T.|date=2009-10-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135969653|pages=428|language=en|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220008/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ieiqjz_pxQYC&pg=PT428#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnrQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA219|title=Next Stop Mars: The Why, How, and When of Human Missions|last=Genta|first=Giancarlo|date=2016-12-30|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319443119|pages=219|language=en|access-date=17 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220113/https://books.google.com/books?id=HnrQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA219#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Mars 3]]
|28 May 1971
|Mars orbiter (arrived after [[Mariner 9]]); '''First Mars lander''' (first image taken from the surface of another planet, though the received image did not show anything); First rover ([[Prop-M]]) to be landed but not deployed on another planet (Mars)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049A|title=Mars 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144519/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F|title=Mars 3 Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405111519/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-03/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 03|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417185116/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-03/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mars-planet|title=Mars - Spacecraft exploration|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712051630/https://www.britannica.com/place/Mars-planet|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/1463/nasa-mars-orbiter-images-may-show-1971-soviet-lander|title=NASA Mars Orbiter Images May Show 1971 Soviet Lander|website=NASA’s Mars Exploration Program|language=en|access-date=2019-04-17|quote=Mars 3 became the first successful soft landing on the Red Planet, but stopped transmitting after just 14.5 seconds for unknown reasons.|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417185117/https://mars.nasa.gov/news/1463/nasa-mars-orbiter-images-may-show-1971-soviet-lander/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mariner 9]]
|30 May 1971
|'''First to orbit another planet (Mars)'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-051A|title=Mariner 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502162700/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-051A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-09/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 09|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502200358/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-09/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 15]]
|26 July 1971
|Crewed lunar landing; '''First crewed lunar rover'''
|<ref name="Apollo" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063A|title=Apollo 15 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423140232/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063C|title=Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417131101/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-15/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 15|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103139/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-15/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 18]]
|2 September 1971
|Attempted lunar sample return (crashed into Moon)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-073A|title=Luna 18|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417160222/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-073A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-18/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Luna 18|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415211121/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-18/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 19]]
|28 September 1971
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-082A|title=Luna 19|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417113607/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-082A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 20]]
|14 February 1972
|Lunar robotic sample return
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-007A|title=Luna 20|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629120209/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-007A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Pioneer 10]]''
|3 March 1972
|'''First [[Jupiter]] flyby'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-012A|title=Pioneer 10|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214222149/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1972-012A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-10/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 10|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531205857/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-10/in-depth|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Pioneer">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Pioneer-space-probes|title=Pioneer {{!}} space probes|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401195513/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Pioneer-space-probes|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 8]]
|27 March 1972
|Venus lander
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-021A|title=Venera 8|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=20 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420132524/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-021A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-8/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 8|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=31 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531062027/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-8/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 16]]
|16 April 1972
|Crewed lunar landing
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031A|title=Apollo 16 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210030922/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031C|title=Apollo 16 Lunar Module /ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417165316/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-16/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 16|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103137/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-16/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Apollo 17]]
|7 December 1972
|Last crewed lunar landing
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Apollo-17|title=Apollo 17 {{!}} Overview & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103134/https://www.britannica.com/event/Apollo-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096A|title=Apollo 17 Command and Service Module (CSM)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=9 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409203733/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096C|title=Apollo 17 Lunar Module /ALSEP|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417135058/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-17/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Apollo 17|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420103137/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/apollo-17/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 21|Luna 21/Lunokhod 2]]
|8 January 1973
|Lunar rover
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-001A|title=Luna 21/Lunokhod 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144538/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-001A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Pioneer 11]]''
|5 April 1973
|Jupiter flyby and '''First [[Saturn]] flyby'''
|<ref name="Pioneer" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-019A|title=Pioneer 11|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613104823/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-019A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-11/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer 11|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504163956/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-11/in-depth|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Explorer 49|Explorer 49 (RAE-B)]]
|10 June 1973
|Lunar orbiter/[[radio astronomy]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-039A|title=RAE-B|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417130404/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-039A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/explorer-49/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Explorer 49|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417223646/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/explorer-49/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Mars 4]]
|21 July 1973
|Mars flyby (attempted Mars orbiter)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-047A|title=Mars 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227005406/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-047A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-04/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 04|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162246/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-04/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Mars 5]]
|25 July 1973
|Mars orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-049A|title=Mars 5|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=11 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511123135/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-049A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-05/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 05|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162254/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-05/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Mars 6]]
|5 August 1973
|Mars flyby and attempted lander (failed due to damage on Mars landing)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-052A|title=Mars 6|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227064416/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-052A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-06/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 06|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162248/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-06/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Mars 7]]
|9 August 1973
|Mars flyby and attempted lander (missed Mars)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-053A|title=Mars 7|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=24 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324131810/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-053A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-07/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 07|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162246/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-07/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Mariner 10]]''
|3 November 1973
|Lunar and Venus flybys in addition to the '''First Mercury flyby'''
|<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/ch5.htm | title=Ch5 | access-date=14 July 2019 | archive-date=24 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124091059/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-424/ch5.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-085A|title=Mariner 10|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=8 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908063158/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1973-085A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-10/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mariner 10|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217235127/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-10/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Mariner|title=Mariner {{!}} United States space probes|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329224759/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Mariner|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 22]]
|29 May 1974
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref name="Luna" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-037A|title=Luna 22|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417122342/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-037A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 23]]
|28 October 1974
|Attempted lunar sample return (failed due to damage on lunar landing)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-084A|title=Luna 23|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417131927/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-084A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Helios probes|Helios-A]]
|10 December 1974
|Solar observations
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-097A|title=Helios-A|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629064635/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-097A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/helios-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Helios 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200454/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/helios-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 9]]
|8 June 1975
|'''First Venus orbiter''' and lander; '''First successful images from the surface of another planet (Venus)'''
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-050A|title=Venera 9|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=5 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905103111/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-050A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-050D|title=Venera 9 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144540/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-050D|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-9/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 9|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501141914/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-9/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 10]]
|14 June 1975
|Venus orbiter and lander
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-054A|title=Venera 10|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=5 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905103115/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-054A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-054D|title=Venera 10 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803112940/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-054D|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-10/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 10|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124130345/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-10/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Viking 1]]''
|20 August 1975
|Mars orbiter and lander; '''First clear pictures from Martian surface'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-075A|title=Viking 1 Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412074611/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-075A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-075C|title=Viking 1 Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162242/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-075C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/viking-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Viking 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=6 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162250/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/viking-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Viking">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Viking-space-probe|title=Viking {{!}} spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415202031/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Viking-space-probe|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Viking 2]]''
|9 September 1975
|Mars orbiter and lander
|<ref name="Viking" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-083A|title=Viking 2 Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219174856/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-083A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-083C|title=Viking 2 Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219180145/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1975-083C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/viking-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Viking 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=6 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162252/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/viking-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Helios probes|Helios-B]]
|15 January 1976
|Solar observations
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-003A|title=Helios-B|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427133359/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-003A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/177|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200451/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/177/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-04-18|title=Helios 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-18}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Luna 24]]
|9 August 1976
|Lunar robotic sample return
|<ref name="Luna" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-081A|title=Luna 24|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514144528/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-081A|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Voyager 2]]''
|20 August 1977
|Jupiter/Saturn/'''first [[Uranus]]'''/'''first [[Neptune]] flyby'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-076A|title=Voyager 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131044213/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1977-076A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Voyager 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200459/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Voyager">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Voyager-space-probes|title=Voyager {{!}} Definition, Discoveries, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331234919/https://www.britannica.com/technology/Voyager-space-probes|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Voyager 1]]''
|5 September 1977
|Jupiter/Saturn flyby, '''first to exit the [[heliosphere]]'''
|<ref name="Voyager" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A|title=Voyager 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221222640/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Voyager 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=6 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200451/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Pioneer Venus 1]]
|20 May 1978
|Venus orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-051A|title=Pioneer Venus Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=10 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210001333/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-051A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer Venus 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162246/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Pioneer Venus 2]]
|8 August 1978
|Venus atmospheric probes
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-078A|title=Pioneer Venus Probe Bus|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=26 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051118/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-078A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Pioneer Venus 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419162242/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/pioneer-venus-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] [[ISEE-3]]
|12 August 1978
|Solar wind investigations; later redesignated [[International Cometary Explorer]] and performed [[Comet Giacobini-Zinner]] and [[Comet Halley]] flybys – '''First [[comet]] flyby'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-079A|title=ISEE 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=7 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607162433/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-079A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/isee-3-ice/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} ISEE-3/ICE|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-18|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200503/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/isee-3-ice/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/ice.html|title=ISEE-3/ICE|website=stardust.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214205/https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/ice.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 11]]
|9 September 1978
|Venus flyby and lander
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-084A|title=Venera 11|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231122/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-084A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-084D|title=Venera 11 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627182436/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-084D|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-11/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 11|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109215614/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-11/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 12]]
|14 September 1978
|Venus flyby and lander
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-086A|title=Venera 12|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231545/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1978-086A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-086C|title=Venera 12 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=23 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523181039/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1978-086C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-12/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 12|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109222430/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-12/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

==1980s==
[[File:Artwork Galileo-Io-Jupiter.JPG|thumb|240x240px|''[[Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]]'' – Mission to [[Jupiter]]]]
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|+
|-
!Mission name
!Launch date
!Description
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 13]]
|30 October 1981
|Venus flyby and lander. '''First recording of sound on another planet.'''
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-106A|title=Venera 13|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231550/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1981-106A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-106D|title=Venera 13 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728002423/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-106D|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-13/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 13|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728154021/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-13/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 14]]
|4 November 1981
|Venus flyby and lander
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-110A|title=Venera 14|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=16 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216231127/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1981-110A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-110D|title=Venera 14 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319201308/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-110D|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-14/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 14|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=5 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305050512/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-14/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 15]]
|2 June 1983
|Venus orbiter
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-053A|title=Venera 15|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417043618/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-053A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-15/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 15|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807110711/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-15/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Venera 16]]
|7 June 1983
|Venus orbiter
|<ref name="Venera" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-054A|title=Venera 16|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210025456/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1983-054A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-16/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venera 16|website=Solar System Exploration: NASA Science|access-date=2019-04-16|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205124738/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-16/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Vega 1]]
|15 December 1984
|Venus flyby, lander and '''first extraterrestrial [[aircraft]]''' ([[aerostat]] balloon); continued on to Comet Halley flyby
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-125A|title=Vega 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220003457/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1984-125A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-125E|title=Vega 1 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803192848/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-125E|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-125F|title=Vega 1 Balloon|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803095833/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-125F|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/vega-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Vega 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214206/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/vega-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Vega">{{Cite web|url=https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/vega.html|title=Vega 1 & 2|website=stardust.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=24 October 1997|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19971024220939/https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/vega.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Vega 2]]
|21 December 1984
|Venus flyby, lander and balloon; continued on to Comet Halley flyby
|<ref name="Vega" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-128A|title=Vega 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115160634/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1984-128A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-128E|title=Vega 2 Descent Craft|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803115036/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-128E|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-128F|title=Vega 2 Balloon|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214207/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-128F|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/vega-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Vega 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214209/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/vega-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} ''[[Sakigake]]''
|8 January 1985
|Comet Halley flyby
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-001A|title=Sakigake|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220003439/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1985-001A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/sakigake/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Sakigake|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=22 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417155851/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/sakigake/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] ''[[Giotto (spacecraft)|Giotto]]''
|2 July 1985
|'''First close observation of comet''' (distance 596 kilometers), Comet Halley flyby
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-056A|title=Giotto|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619210359/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1985-056A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/giotto/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Giotto|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214212/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/giotto/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/giotto.html|title=Giotto|website=stardust.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214208/https://stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/comets/giotto.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} ''[[Suisei (spacecraft)|Suisei]]'' (Planet-A)
|18 August 1985
|Comet Halley flyby
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-073A|title=Suisei|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=28 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428163757/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1985-073A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/suisei/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Suisei|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419214218/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/suisei/in-depth/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Mir]]
|19 February 1986
|'''First modular space station''' (operational 1986–2000; final module added 1996)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1986-017A|title=Mir|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619210408/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1986-017A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mir-Soviet-Russian-space-station|title=Mir {{!}} Description, Launch, History, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=5 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905184839/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mir-Soviet-Russian-space-station|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5KFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30|title=Space Stations and Beyond|last=Hamilton|first=John|date=2018-12-15|publisher=ABDO|isbn=9781532171598|pages=30|language=en|access-date=19 April 2019|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223220059/https://books.google.com/books?id=l5KFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Phobos 1]]
|7 July 1988
|Attempted Mars orbiter/Phobos landers (contact lost)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1988-058A|title=Phobos 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629064623/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1988-058A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/fobos-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Fobos 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419225009/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/fobos-1/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Soviet Union}} [[Phobos 2]]
|12 July 1988
|Mars orbiter/attempted Phobos landers (contact lost)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1988-059A|title=Phobos 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=24 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124163759/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1988-059A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/fobos-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Fobos 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419225009/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/fobos-2/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Magellan (spacecraft)|Magellan]]''
|4 May 1989
|Venus orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1989-033B|title=Magellan|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=17 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417155848/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1989-033B|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/magellan/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Magellan|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-17|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019095913/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/magellan/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]]''
|18 October 1989
|Venus flyby, '''first [[Asteroid]] flyby''' ([[951 Gaspra|Gaspra]])''', first [[Asteroid moon]] discovery''' ([[Dactyl (moon)|Dactyl]])''', first [[Jupiter]] orbiter, first Jupiter atmospheric probe'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1989-084B|title=Galileo Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=20 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120062401/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1989-084B|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1989-084E|title=Galileo Probe|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629021804/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1989-084E|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo/in-depth|title=Galileo - In Depth|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430135450/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo-probe/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Galileo Probe|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-19|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419225005/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/galileo-probe/in-depth|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== 1990s ==
[[Image:Pathfinder01.jpg|240px|right|thumb|''[[Mars Pathfinder]]'' – Mars lander and the first successful [[Mars rover]], ''[[Sojourner (rover)|Sojourner]]'']]
[[File:Cassini Saturn Orbit Insertion.jpg|240px|right|thumb|''[[Cassini–Huygens]]'' – First [[Saturn]] orbiter and first Titan lander]]
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|+
|-
!Mission name
!Launch date
!Description
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hiten (spacecraft)|Hiten]] (MUSES-A)
|24 January 1990
|Lunar flyby and orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-007A|title=Hiten|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208101032/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1990-007A|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hiten-hagoromo/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Hiten / Hagoromo|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420114055/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hiten-hagoromo/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] [[Hubble Space Telescope]]
|24 April 1990
|Orbital space telescope (operational since 1990{{Update after|2021|06|30|reason=Operations contract runs out – https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-extends-hubble-space-telescope-science-operations-contract}})
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hubble-space-telescope/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Hubble Space Telescope|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420114056/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hubble-space-telescope/in-depth/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-037B|title=HST|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=9 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109081111/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1990-037B|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hubble-Space-Telescope|title=Hubble Space Telescope {{!}} History, Discoveries, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=8 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908104934/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hubble-Space-Telescope|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] ''[[Ulysses (spacecraft)|Ulysses]]''
|6 October 1990
|Solar polar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-090B|title=Ulysses|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20|archive-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717201801/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-090B|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ulysses/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Ulysses|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=27 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ulysses-space-probe|title=Ulysses {{!}} European-United States space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|United States}}  [[Yohkoh]] (Solar-A)
|30 August 1991
|Solar observations (1991–2001)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1991-062A|title=Yohkoh|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yohkoh|title=Yohkoh {{!}} Japanese satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mars Observer]]
|25 September 1992
|Attempted Mars orbiter (contact lost)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1992-063A|title=Mars Observer|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-observer/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Observer|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Clementine mission|Clementine]]''
|25 January 1994
|Lunar orbiter/attempted asteroid flyby (contact lost)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1994-004A|title=Clementine|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/clementine/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Clementine|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Clementine-spacecraft|title=Clementine {{!}} spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[WIND (spacecraft)|WIND]]''
|1 November 1994
|Solar wind observations
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1994-071A|title=Wind|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/wind/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Wind|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-17}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] {{flagicon|United States}} [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory|SOHO]]
|2 December 1995
|Solar observatory (operational since 1996{{Update after|2020|reason=current mission extension runs out – http://sci.esa.int/director-desk/60943-extended-life-for-esas-science-missions/}})
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1995-065A|title=SOHO|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/soho/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} SOHO|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=22 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Solar-and-Heliospheric-Observatory|title=Solar and Heliospheric Observatory {{!}} satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[NEAR Shoemaker]]''
|17 February 1996
|[[Eros (asteroid)|Eros]] orbiter, '''first [[near-Earth asteroid]] flyby''', '''first asteroid orbit''' and '''first asteroid landing'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1996-008A|title=NEAR Shoemaker|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/near-shoemaker/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} NEAR Shoemaker|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Near-Earth-Asteroid-Rendezvous-Shoemaker|title=Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous Shoemaker {{!}} spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Mars Global Surveyor]]''
|7 November 1996
|Mars orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1996-062A|title=Mars Global Surveyor|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-global-surveyor/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Global Surveyor|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Mars 96]]
|16 November 1996
|Attempted Mars orbiter/landers (failed to escape Earth orbit)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1996-064A|title=Mars 96 Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-08-mars-96/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 08/Mars 96|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Mars Pathfinder]]''
|4 December 1996
|Mars lander and '''first successful planetary rover'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1996-068A|title=Mars Pathfinder|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=MESURPR|title=Mars Pathfinder Rover|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-pathfinder/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Pathfinder|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Advanced Composition Explorer|ACE]]
|25 August 1997
|Solar wind and "space weather" observations (operational since 1998{{Update after|2024|reason=projected to run out of propellant – http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/ace_mission.html}})
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1997-045A|title=ACE|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ace/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} ACE|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] {{flagicon|Italy}} ''[[Cassini–Huygens]]''
|15 October 1997
|'''First Saturn orbiter''' and '''first [[outer planet]] moon lander''' (on [[Titan (moon)|Titan]])
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Cassini-Huygens|title=Cassini-Huygens {{!}} Facts, Dates, & Images|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1997-061A|title=Cassini|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1997-061C|title=Huygens|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/overview|title=Overview {{!}} Cassini|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/huygens/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Huygens|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Lunar Prospector]]
|7 January 1998
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-001A|title=Lunar Prospector|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-prospector/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Prospector|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} ''[[Nozomi (probe)|Nozomi]]'' (Planet-B)
|3 July 1998
|Attempted Mars orbiter (failed to enter Mars orbit)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-041A|title=Nozomi|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/nozomi/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Nozomi|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Deep Space 1 (DS1)]]
|24 October 1998
|Asteroid and comet flyby
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-061A|title=Deep Space 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/deep-space-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Deep Space 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|Russia}} [[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] {{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|Canada}}{{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[ISS]]
|20 November 1998
|International space station
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-067A|title=International Space Station|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-24|quote=As of November, 1998 the global participants, in addition to the United States, included Russia, Canada, Japan, Brazil, and ESA (Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Space-Station|title=International Space Station {{!}} Facts, Missions, & History|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-24|quote=Aside from the United States and Russia, station construction involved Canada, Japan, Brazil, and 11 ESA members.}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Mars Climate Orbiter]]''
|11 December 1998
|Attempted Mars orbiter (orbit insertion failed; entered atmosphere and was destroyed)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1998-073A|title=Mars Climate Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-climate-orbiter/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Climate Orbiter|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mars Polar Lander]]/[[Deep Space 2 (DS2)]]
|3 January 1999
|Attempted Mars lander/penetrators (contact lost)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1999-001A|title=Mars Polar Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=DEEPSP2|title=Deep Space 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-polar-lander-deep-space-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Polar Lander / Deep Space 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=17 January 2019 |access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Stardust (spacecraft)|Stardust]]''
|7 February 1999
|'''First comet [[Coma (cometary)|coma]] sample return''' (returned 15 January 2006)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1999-003A|title=Stardust/NExT|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1999-003D|title=Stardust Sample Return Capsule|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/stardust/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Stardust|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref>
|}

== 2000s ==
[[Image:Mars-express-volcanoes-sm.jpg|220px|right|thumb|''[[Mars Express]]/[[Beagle 2]]'' – First planetary mission by the [[ESA]]]]
[[Image:Messenger.jpg|220px|right|thumb|''[[MESSENGER]]'' – First Mercury orbiter]]
[[File:Water Around Fresh Moon Crater.jpg|thumb|222x222px|[[Chandrayaan-1]] – Water Around Fresh Moon Crater]]
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|+
|-
!Mission name
!Launch date
!Description
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[2001 Mars Odyssey]]''
|7 April 2001
|Mars orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2001-014A|title=2001 Mars Odyssey|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-odyssey/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Odyssey|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=4 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Genesis (spacecraft)|Genesis]]''
|8 August 2001
|'''First solar wind sample return'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2001-034A|title=Genesis|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/genesis/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Genesis|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Genesis-United-States-spacecraft|title=Genesis {{!}} United States spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/genesis/|title=Genesis|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[CONTOUR]]
|3 July 2002
|Attempted flyby of comet nuclei ([[Comet Encke|Encke]], [[Schwassmann-Wachmann-3]], and optionally a third one; lost in space)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2002-034A|title=CONTOUR|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/contour/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} CONTOUR|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} ''[[Hayabusa (spacecraft)|Hayabusa]]'' (MUSES-C)
|9 May 2003
|Asteroid lander and '''first sample return from asteroid'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-019A|title=Hayabusa|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Hayabusa|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-07}}</ref><ref name="Hayabusa" />
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} ''[[Mars Express]]''/''[[Beagle 2]]''
|2 June 2003
|Mars orbiter/attempted lander (lander failure)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-022A|title=Mars Express|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-022C|title=Beagle 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-express/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Express|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/beagle-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Beagle 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mars Exploration Rover Mission|Mars Exploration Rover]] ''[[Spirit (rover)|Spirit]]''
|10 June 2003
|[[Mars rover]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-027A|title=Spirit|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/spirit/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Spirit|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mars Exploration Rover Mission|Mars Exploration Rover]] ''[[Opportunity (rover)|Opportunity]]''
|8 July 2003
|Mars rover
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-032A|title=Opportunity|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/opportunity/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Opportunity|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] [[SMART-1]]
|27 September 2003
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-043C|title=SMART 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/smart-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} SMART-1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=22 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] ''[[Rosetta (spacecraft)|Rosetta]]''/''[[Philae (spacecraft)|Philae]]''
|2 March 2004
|Asteroid [[2867 Šteins|Šteins]] and [[21 Lutetia|Lutetia]] flybys; '''first comet orbiter and lander '''(Landed in November 2014) 
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-006A|title=Rosetta|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-006C|title=Philae|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/rosetta-philae/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Rosetta & Philae|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=21 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rosetta-European-Space-Agency-spacecraft|title=Rosetta {{!}} European Space Agency spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[MESSENGER]]''
|3 August 2004
|'''First Mercury orbiter''' (Achieved orbit 18 March 2011)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-030A|title=MESSENGER|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/messenger/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} MESSENGER|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=20 December 2017 |access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Messenger-United-States-spacecraft|title=Messenger {{!}} United States spacecraft|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-05-25}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Deep Impact (spacecraft)|Deep Impact]]''
|12 January 2005
|Comet flyby and impact
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2005-001A|title=Deep Impact/EPOXI|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2005-001D|title=Deep Impact Impactor (DII) Vehicle|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/deep-impact-epoxi/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Deep Impact (EPOXI)|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Deep-Impact-space-probe|title=Deep Impact {{!}} space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]]''
|12 August 2005
|Mars orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2005-029A|title=Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-reconnaissance-orbiter/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] ''[[Venus Express]]''
|9 November 2005
|Venus polar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2005-045A|title=Venus Express|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venus-express/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Venus Express|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=22 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[New Horizons]]''
|19 January 2006
|'''First [[Pluto]]/Charon flyby''' (on 14 July 2015); continued on to [[486958 Arrokoth]] flyby (on 1 January 2019)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2006-001A|title=New Horizons Pluto Kuiper Belt Flyby|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/new-horizons/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} New Horizons|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/New-Horizons|title=New Horizons {{!}} Discoveries & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref>''<ref name="NYT-20150718">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/19/us/the-long-strange-trip-to-pluto-and-how-nasa-nearly-missed-it.html|title=The Long, Strange Trip to Pluto, and How NASA Nearly Missed It|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|date=18 July 2015|work=[[New York Times]]|access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref>''
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Hinode (satellite)|Hinode]] (Solar-B)
|22 September 2006
|Solar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2006-041A|title=Hinode|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinode|title=Hinode {{!}} satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-10}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[STEREO]]
|26 October 2006
|Two spacecraft, solar orbiters
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2006-047A|title=STEREO A|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2006-047B|title=STEREO B|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/stereo/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} STEREO A & B|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=19 April 2019 |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Phoenix (spacecraft)|Phoenix]]''
|4 August 2007
|Mars polar lander (Mars landing on 25 May 2008) 
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-034A|title=Phoenix Mars Lander|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/phoenix/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Phoenix|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} [[SELENE]] (Kaguya)
|14 September 2007
|Lunar orbiters
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-039A|title=Kaguya|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-039B|title=Okina|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-039C|title=Ouna|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/kaguya/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Kaguya|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=8 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Dawn (spacecraft)|Dawn]]''
|27 September 2007
|Asteroid Ceres and Vesta orbiter (Entered orbit around Vesta on 16 July 2011 and around Ceres on 6 March 2015)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-043A|title=Dawn|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dawn/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Dawn|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dawn-United-States-satellite|title=Dawn {{!}} United States satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Chang'e 1]]
|24 October 2007
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2007-051A|title=Chang'e 1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/change-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chang'e 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref name="Chang'e">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Change-Chinese-lunar-probes|title=Chang'e {{!}} Missions & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Chandrayaan-1]]
|22 October 2008
|Lunar orbiter and impactor; discovered water on the Moon
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2008-052A|title=Chandrayaan 1 Lunar Orbiter|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/chandrayaan-1/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chandrayaan 1|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chandrayaan-1|title=Chandrayaan-1 {{!}} Indian space probe|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] [[Herschel Space Observatory]]
|14 May 2009
|Infrared space telescope at Sun–Earth [[Lagrangian point#L2 point|L<sub>2</sub> Lagrange point]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-026A|title=Herschel Space Observatory|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/herschel/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Herschel|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=13 April 2019 |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]]''/[[LCROSS]]
|18 June 2009
|Lunar polar orbiter and lunar impactor
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-031A|title=Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-031B|title=Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lro/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=29 November 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lcross/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} LCROSS|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=6 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer|WISE]] ([[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer#NEOWISE (pre-hibernation)|NEOWISE]])
|14 December 2009
|Infrared survey of celestial sky (WISE mission); later [[Near-Earth object]] survey (NEOWISE mission)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-071A|title=WISE|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/wise-neowise/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} WISE/NEOWISE|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wide-field-Infrared-Survey-Explorer|title=Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer {{!}} United States satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-12}}</ref>
|}

== 2010s ==
[[File:Msl20110519 PIA14156-full.jpg|220px|right|thumb|[[Mars Science Laboratory]] – Mars lander and large rover]]
[[File:Mars Orbiter Mission - India - ArtistsConcept.jpg|220px|right|thumb|''[[Mars Orbiter Mission|Mangalyaan]]'' – First Indian Mars orbiter]]
[[File:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.jpg|220px|right|thumb|[[ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter|Trace Gas Orbiter]] – ESA/Roscosmos Mars orbiter]]
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|+
|-
!Mission name
!Launch date
!Description
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Solar Dynamics Observatory]]
|11 February 2010
|Continuous solar monitoring
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2010-005A|title=Solar Dynamics Observatory|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Solar-Dynamics-Observatory|title=Solar Dynamics Observatory {{!}} United States satellite|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} ''[[Akatsuki (spacecraft)|Akatsuki]]'' (Planet-C)
|20 May 2010
|Venus orbiter (orbit insertion failed in 2010 / successful orbit insertion on 7 December 2015)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2010-020D|title=Akatsuki|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/akatsuki/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Akatsuki|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Akatsuki|title=Akatsuki {{!}} Mission & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|France}} [[Picard (satellite)|PICARD]]
|15 June 2010
|Solar monitoring
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2010-028A|title=Picard|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://picard.cnes.fr/en/PICARD/index.htm|title=Picard|website=Picard|date=24 April 2015|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Chang'e 2]]
|1 October 2010
|Lunar orbiter, asteroid [[4179 Toutatis]] flyby
|<ref name="Chang'e" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2010-050A|title=Chang'e 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/change-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chang'e 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Juno (spacecraft)|Juno]]''
|5 August 2011
|Jupiter orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-040A|title=Juno|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/juno/in-depth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505082904/https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/juno/in-depth/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-05-05|title=In Depth {{!}} Juno|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-14}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory|GRAIL]]
|10 September 2011
|Two spacecraft, Lunar orbiters
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-046A|title=Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory-A (GRAIL)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-046B|title=Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory-B (GRAIL)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/grail/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} GRAIL|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Russia}} {{flagicon|China}} [[Fobos-Grunt]] and [[Yinghuo-1]]
|8 November 2011
|Phobos orbiter, lander and sample return (Russia), Mars orbiter (China)|Attempted [[Phobos (moon)|Phobos]] sample return and Mars orbiter, respectively; both failed to escape Earth orbit
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-065A|title=Phobos-Grunt|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=YINGHUO-1|title=Yinghuo-1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mars Science Laboratory]] (''[[Curiosity (rover)|Curiosity]]'' rover)
|26 November 2011
|Mars rover (landed 6 August 2012)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2011-070A|title=Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/curiosity-msl/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Curiosity (MSL)|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Van Allen Probes]] (RBSP)
|30 August 2012
|Earth Van Allen radiation belts study
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2012-046A|title=Van Allen Probe A (RBSP-A)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2012-046B|title=Van Allen Probe B (RBSP-B)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vanallenprobes.jhuapl.edu/|title=Van Allen Probes|website=vanallenprobes.jhuapl.edu|language=en|access-date=2019-06-16}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph|IRIS]]
|28 June 2013
|Solar observations
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-033A|title=Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-17}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|United States}} [[Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer|LADEE]]
|7 September 2013
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-047A|title=Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/ladee/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} LADEE|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hisaki (satellite)|Hisaki]]
|14 September 2013
|Planetary atmosphere observatory
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-049A|title=Hisaki|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Mars Orbiter Mission]] (Mangalyaan)
|5 November 2013
|Mars orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-060A|title=Mangalyaan|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-orbiter-mission/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars Orbiter Mission|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mars-Orbiter-Mission|title=Mars Orbiter Mission {{!}} Indian space mission|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[MAVEN]]
|18 November 2013
|Mars orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-063A|title=Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/maven/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} MAVEN|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=4 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Chang'e 3]]
|1 December 2013
|Lunar lander and rover (first lander since Soviet [[Luna 24]] in 1976)
|<ref name="Chang'e" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-070A|title=Chang'e 3|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-070C|title=Chang'e 3 Rover|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/change-3/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chang'e 3|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Chang'e 5-T1]]
|23 October 2014
|Circumlunar mission and Earth reentry; technology demonstration to prepare for [[Chang'e 5]] mission
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-065A|title=Chang'e 5-T1|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|Germany}} {{flagicon|France}} ''[[Hayabusa2]]'' / [[Hayabusa2#Science payload|MASCOT]]
|3 December 2014
|Asteroid lander and sample return (sample returned 5 December 2020), '''first asteroid rover'''
|<ref name="Hayabusa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hayabusa-Japanese-spacecraft|title=Hayabusa {{!}} Spacecraft, Missions, & Facts|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hayabusa 2|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-076A|access-date=2020-12-06|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/hayabusa-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Hayabusa 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=4 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Japan}} [[PROCYON]]
|3 December 2014
|Comet observer and attempted asteroid flyby (engine failure)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-076D|title=PROCYON|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-20}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Deep Space Climate Observatory|DSCOVR]]
|11 February 2015
|Solar observation
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2015-007A|title=DSCOVR|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/DSCOVR/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} DSCOVR|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=14 January 2019 |access-date=2019-06-20}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] {{flagicon|Russia}} [[ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter]] and [[Schiaparelli EDM lander|EDM lander]]
|14 March 2016
|Mars orbiter and attempted lander (lander failure)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2016-017A|title=ExoMars 2016|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/exomars-trace-gas-orbiter-schiaparelli/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[OSIRIS-REx]]
|8 September 2016
|Asteroid sample return mission ({{Update after|2023|09|text=sample returned 24 September 2023}})
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2016-055A|title=OSIRIS-REx|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/osiris-rex/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} OSIRIS-REx|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[InSight]]
|5 May 2018
|Mars lander
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=INSIGHT|title=InSight|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/insight/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} InSight|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=4 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flagicon|China}} [[Queqiao]]
|20 May 2018
|Relay satellite for Chang'e 4 in [[Halo orbit]] around Earth–Moon [[Lagrange point#L2|L<sub>2</sub> Lagrange point]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=QUEQIAO|title=Queqiao|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-24}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Parker Solar Probe]]
|12 August 2018
|[[Solar corona]] probe, closest solar approach ({{Convert|{{#expr:6.16*10^6}}|km|AU|sigfig=1|abbr=|disp=out}})
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2018-065A|title=Parker Solar Probe|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/parker-solar-probe/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Parker Solar Probe|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=March 2019 |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] {{flagicon|Japan}} [[BepiColombo]]
|19 October 2018
|Two Mercury orbiters ({{Update after|2025|12|5|text=orbit insertion planned in December 2025}})
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=BEPICLMBO|title=BepiColombo|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/bepicolombo/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} BepiColombo|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=30 November 2017 |access-date=2019-06-23}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Chang'e 4]]
|7 December 2018
|Lunar lander and rover, '''first landing on the lunar far side'''
|<ref name="Chang'e" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2018-103A|title=Chang'e 4|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/change-4/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chang'e 4|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|access-date=2019-06-24}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Israel}} ''[[Beresheet]]''
|22 February 2019
|Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2019-009B|title=Beresheet|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-06-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/beresheet/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Beresheet|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=22 February 2019 |access-date=2019-06-24}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|India}} [[Chandrayaan-2]]
|22 July 2019
|Lunar orbiter; attempted lander and rover (contact lost during final stage of descent)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN2|title=Chandrayaan 2|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/chandrayaan-2/in-depth|title=In Depth {{!}} Chandrayaan 2|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=5 December 2017 |access-date=2019-06-24}}</ref>
|}

== 2020s ==
[[File:PIA21635-Mars2020Rover-ArtistConcept-20170523.jpg|right|thumb|NASA's [[Perseverance (rover)|''Perseverance'' rover]] ]]
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|+
|-
!Mission name
!Launch date
!Description
!{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] [[Solar Orbiter]]
|10 February 2020
|Sun-observing satellite<!-- , closest solar approach (0.28 AU) -->
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Solar Orbiter|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2020-010A|access-date=2020-06-07|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/solar-orbiter|title=ESA Science & Technology - Solar Orbiter|website=sci.esa.int|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Solar_Orbiter|title=ESA - Solar Orbiter|website=www.esa.int|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Mars Hope]]
|19 July 2020
|Mars orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Emirates Mars Mission (Hope)|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2020-047A|access-date=2021-02-09|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Tianwen-1]] (''Zhurong'' rover)
|23 July 2020
|Mars orbiter, lander, and rover
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Tianwen 1|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2020-049A|access-date=2021-06-13|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Mars 2020]] (''[[Perseverance (rover)|Perseverance]]'' rover and ''[[Ingenuity (helicopter)|Ingenuity]]'' helicopter)
|30 July 2020
|Mars rover and helicopter drone; '''first powered flight on another planet'''
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=MARS 2020|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2020-052A|access-date=2021-02-18|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In Depth {{!}} Mars 2020 Rover|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mars-2020-rover/in-depth|access-date=2021-04-19|website=NASA Solar System Exploration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars 2020 Rover|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/|access-date=2021-02-18|website=mars.nasa.gov|date=5 December 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Chang'e 5]]
|23 November 2020
|Lunar sample return
|<ref name="Chang'e" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chang'e 5|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANG-E-5|access-date=2020-11-25|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} ''[[Lucy (spacecraft)|Lucy]]''
|16 October 2021
|Flyby of six [[Jupiter trojan]]s and two main belt asteroids
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lucy|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=LUCY|access-date=2021-10-16|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In Depth {{!}} Lucy|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lucy/in-depth|access-date=2021-10-16|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=4 December 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Double Asteroid Redirection Test|DART]] / [[LICIACube]]
|24 November 2021
|Asteroid [[65803 Didymos]] flyby, asteroid moon [[Dimorphos]] impactor
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=DART|access-date=2021-11-24|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In Depth {{!}} DART|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/dart/in-depth|access-date=2021-11-24|website=NASA Solar System Exploration|date=13 January 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] {{flagicon|Canada}} [[James Webb Space Telescope]]
|25 December 2021
|Infrared space telescope at Sun–Earth L<sub>2</sub>
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=JWST|access-date=2021-12-25|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In Depth {{!}} James Webb Space Telescope|url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/james-webb-space-telescope/in-depth|access-date=2021-12-25|website=NASA Solar System Exploration}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[CAPSTONE (spacecraft)|CAPSTONE]]
|28 June 2022
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=CAPSTONE |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CAPSTONE |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|ROK}} {{flagicon|USA}}  ''Danuri'' ([[Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter|KPLO]])
|5 August 2022
|Lunar orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=KPLO |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Artemis 1]] and 10 cubesats
|16 November 2022
|Uncrewed lunar orbital test of [[Orion spacecraft|Orion]] spacecraft and [[Space Launch System]]. The cubesats are launched as rideshares and will execute their own missions.
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis 1 |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=ARTEMIS-1 |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Japan}} {{flagicon|United States}} [[Hakuto-R Mission 1]] ([[Emirates Lunar Mission|''Rashid'']] rover) and [[Lunar Flashlight]]
| 11 December 2022
| Lunar lander technology demonstration, lunar rover, and lunar orbiter launched together (crashed into Moon)
|<ref name="ispace-20210714">{{cite news |url=https://ispace-inc.com/news/?p=2012 |title=ispace Begins Final Assembly of Lunar Lander Flight Model Ahead of First Mission |work=[[ispace (Japanese company)|ispace]] |date=14 July 2021 |access-date=20 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="sn-20211028">{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/u-a-e-examining-options-for-future-human-spaceflight-missions/ |title=U.A.E. examining options for future human spaceflight missions |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=28 October 2021 |access-date=29 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="ispace-20210414">{{cite news |url=https://ispace-inc.com/news/?p=1874 |title=MBRSC Teams Up with Japan's ispace on Emirates Lunar Mission |work=[[ispace (Japanese company)|ispace]] |date=14 April 2021 |access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] [[Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer|JUICE]]
|14 April 2023
|Jupiter/[[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]] orbiter
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=JUICE |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chandrayaan-3]]
|14 July 2023
|Lunar orbiter, lander and rover; '''first soft landing near the lunar South Pole'''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrayaan 3 |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=CHANDRYN3 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_New.html |title=Chandrayaan-3 |access-date=15 July 2023 |work=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Luna 25]]
|10 August 2023
|Attempted lunar south pole lander (crashed into Moon)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luna 25 |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=LUNA-25 |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref name="tass-20230605">{{cite web |url=https://tass.ru/kosmos/17932551 |title=Запуск первой в истории современной России миссии на Луну запланировали на 11 августа |trans-title=The launch of the first mission to the Moon in the history of modern Russia was scheduled for August 11 |language=ru |date=5 June 2023 |access-date=5 June 2023 |work=TASS}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aditya-L1]]
|2 September 2023
|Sun-observing spacecraft at Sun–Earth L<sub>1</sub>
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html |title=Aditya-L1 |access-date=2 September 2023 |work=ISRO}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Smart Lander for Investigating Moon|SLIM]] ([[Smart Lander for Investigating Moon#Lunar Excursion Vehicle 1|LEV-1]], [[Smart Lander for Investigating Moon#Lunar Excursion Vehicle 2|LEV-2]])
|6 September 2023
|Lunar flyby, lander and rovers
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=SLIM |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=SLIM |access-date=7 September 2023 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sas/slim/ |title=SLIM |access-date=7 September 2023 |work=JAXA}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Psyche (spacecraft)|Psyche]]
|13 October 2023
|Asteroid [[16 Psyche]] orbiter
|<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA Continues Psyche Asteroid Mission |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-continues-psyche-asteroid-mission |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Peregrine Mission One]] (including [[CubeRover#Iris|Iris]] and Colmena rovers)
|8 January 2024
|Lunar lander and rovers (landing precluded)
|<ref>{{cite web |last=McCrea |first=Aaron |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/01/vulcan-launch-peregrine-inaugural-flight/ |title=Vulcan successfully launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural flight |date=8 January 2024 |access-date=8 January 2024 |work=NASASpaceFlight}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[IM-1]] Nova-C Odysseus (including [[EagleCam]] deployable camera)
|15 February 2024
|Lunar landers
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Status of Nova C (IM-1) Launch Time |url=https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/1915 |website=Next Spaceflight |access-date=17 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|PRC}} DRO A/B
|13 March 2024
|Lunar orbiters
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=2024-03-14 |title=Surprise Chinese lunar mission hit by launch anomaly |url=https://spacenews.com/surprise-chinese-lunar-mission-hit-by-launch-anomaly/ |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Queqiao-2]] (including [[Tiandu|Tiandu-1 and 2]])
|20 March 2024
|Lunar orbiters
|<ref>{{cite web|title=China launches Queqiao-2 relay satellite to support moon missions|url=https://spacenews.com/china-launches-queqiao-2-relay-satellite-to-support-moon-missions/|website=Space.com|date=20 March 2024 |access-date=20 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|China}} [[Chang'e 6]] (including [[Pakistan]]'s [[ICUBE-Q]] cubesat)
|3 May 2024
|Lunar sample return, rover and orbiters; '''first sample return from the lunar far side'''
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |url=https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-6-probe-arrives-at-spaceport-for-first-ever-lunar-far-side-sample-mission/ |title=China's Chang'e-6 probe arrives at spaceport for first-ever lunar far side sample mission |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=10 January 2024 |access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Andrew |title=China's Chang'e-6 is carrying a surprise rover to the moon |url=https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-6-is-carrying-a-surprise-rover-to-the-moon/ |website=SpaceNews |access-date=8 May 2024 |date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508193233/https://spacenews.com/chinas-change-6-is-carrying-a-surprise-rover-to-the-moon/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] [[Hera (space mission)|Hera]] (3 orbiters)
|7 October 2024
|Asteroid [[65803 Didymos]] rendezvous 
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.esa.int/Safety_Security/Hera/Industry_starts_work_on_Europe_s_Hera_planetary_defence_mission |title=Industry starts work on Europe's Hera planetary defence mission |work=[[ESA]] |date=15 September 2020 |access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Europa Clipper]]
|14 October 2024
|Jupiter orbiter, [[Europa (moon)|Europa]] multiple flyby
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Europa Clipper|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=EUROPA-CL|access-date=2021-08-23|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-to-use-commercial-launch-vehicle-for-europa-clipper/|title=NASA to use commercial launch vehicle for Europa Clipper |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=10 February 2021|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-10|title=Cost growth prompts changes to Europa Clipper instruments|url=https://spacenews.com/cost-growth-prompts-changes-to-europa-clipper-instruments/|access-date=2020-11-21|website=SpaceNews|language=en-US|quote=Chodas said that Europa Clipper now has a launch readiness date of 2024, a year later than plans announced last year.}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Blue Ghost M1]]
|15 January 2025
|Lunar lander
|<ref name="space.com">{{Cite web |author1=Brett Tingley |date=2025-01-07 |title=SpaceX launch of private Blue Ghost moon lander set for Jan. 15 |url=https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/spacex-launch-of-private-blue-ghost-moon-lander-set-for-jan-15 |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hakuto-R Mission 2]] (including Tenacious rover)
|15 January 2025
|Lunar lander and rover
|<ref name="space.com"/>
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[IM-2|Intuitive Machines Nova-C IM-2]] 
(including MAPP LV1, Micro-Nova, AstroAnt and [[Yaoki]] rover)
|27 February 2025
|Lunar lander and rovers
|
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Lunar Trailblazer]]
|27 February 2025
|Lunar orbiter 
|
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[AstroForge#Odin (Brokkr-2)|Brokkr-2]]
|27 February 2025
|Asteroid flyby
|
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} Chimera-1
|27 February 2025
|Lunar flyby
|
|-
|{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Tianwen-2]] (orbiters and landers)
|29 May 2025
|Asteroid study and sample return 
|
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}}[[Carruthers Geocorona Observatory]]
| 24 September 2025
|[[heliophysics]] mission
|<ref name=":1212">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=FOX 35 Digital |date=2025-09-24 |title=SpaceX launches NASA's IMAP mission from Florida to study solar system's edge |url=https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/spacex-launch-nasas-imap-mission-study-solar-systems-edge-how-watch |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=FOX 35 Orlando |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1]]
| 24 September 2025
|[[heliophysics]] mission
|<ref name=":1212"/>
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe]]
| 24 September 2025
|[[heliophysics]] mission
|<ref name=":1212"/>
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[EscaPADE]]
| 13 November 2025
| Two orbiters to Mars
| <ref>{{Cite web |last=published |first=Mike Wall |date=2025-11-14 |title=Next stop, not Mars: What's ahead for NASA's newly launched ESCAPADE Red Planet probes |url=https://www.space.com/astronomy/mars/next-stop-not-mars-whats-ahead-for-nasas-newly-launched-escapade-red-planet-probes |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Space |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Planned or scheduled ==
{{Main|List of proposed Solar System spacecraft}}

== See also ==
*[[Discovery and exploration of the Solar System]]
*[[Human presence in space]]
*[[List of missions to the Moon]]
*[[List of missions to Venus]]
*[[List of missions to Mars]]
*[[List of Solar System probes]]
*[[List of interplanetary voyages]]
*[[List of space telescopes]]
*[[New Frontiers program]]
*[[Out of the Cradle (book)|''Out of the Cradle'']] – 1984 book about scientific speculation on future missions.
*[[Space Race]]
*[[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes]]
*[[Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons]]
*[[Timeline of first orbital launches by country]]
*[[Timeline of space exploration]]
*[[Timeline of space travel by nationality]]
*[[Timeline of spaceflight]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/ NASA Lunar and Planetary Science]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090805113110/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/future1.cfm NASA Solar System Strategic Exploration Plans]
* [http://www.mentallandscape.com/C_Catalog.htm Soviet Lunar, Martian, Venusian and Terrestrial Space Image Catalog]
*[https://armchairastronautics.blogspot.com/p/history.html Comprehensive and interactive graphical history overview by Armchair Astronautics]

{{Space exploration lists and timelines}}
{{Planetary exploration}}
{{NASA planetary exploration programs}}
{{Solar System}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline of Solar System Exploration}}
[[Category:Spaceflight timelines|Solar System Exploration]]
[[Category:Discovery and exploration of the Solar System]]
[[Category:Solar System]]