View source for Table of keyboard shortcuts

{{Short description|none}}
{{Dynamic list}}{{For|keyboard shortcuts in Wikipedia|Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts|selfref=yes}}

In [[computing]], a [[keyboard shortcut]] is a sequence or combination of keystrokes on a [[computer keyboard]] which invokes commands in [[software]].

Most keyboard shortcuts require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the other. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously (indicated in the tables below by the <code>''+''</code> sign). Keyboard shortcuts may depend on the keyboard layout.

== Comparison of keyboard shortcuts ==
{{main|Keyboard shortcut}}
Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an important element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for [[adaptive technology]], the pervasiveness of common conventions means that a meaningful comparison of keyboard shortcuts can be made across various widely used operating systems.

=== General shortcuts ===
Many shortcuts (such as {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Z}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|E}}, etc.) are just common conventions and are '''not''' handled by the operating system. Whether such commands are implemented (or not) depends on how an actual application program (such as an editor) is written and the frameworks used. Not all applications/frameworks follow (all of) these conventions, so if it doesn't work, it isn't compatible.

Some of the combinations are not true for [[Internationalization and localization|localized]] versions of operating systems. For example, in a non-English version of [[Windows]], the Edit menu is not always bound to the {{#invoke:key|press|E}} shortcut.

Some software (such as [[KDE]]) allow their shortcuts to be changed, and the below list contains the defaults.

{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]<ref group="notes" name="highlight_macOS_sacredkeybindings" />
! scope="col"|[[Linux]]
! scope="col"|[[Emacs]]
! scope="col"|[[Vim (text editor)|Vim]]
! scope="col"|[[ChromeOS]]
|-
! scope="col"|[[File menu]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F}}, <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|F10}} <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|F}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F2}}, <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|F}}<ref group="notes" name="full_keyboard_access" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|`}}, <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|f}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|f}} (gvim)<br/>
or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|e}} <small>(vim + NERDTree)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|O}}
|-
! scope="col"|[[Edit menu]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|E}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F2}}, <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|E}}<ref group="notes" name="full_keyboard_access" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|E}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|`}}, <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|e}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|e}} (gvim)
|
|-
! scope="row" |View menu
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|V}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F2}}, <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|V}}<ref group="notes" name="full_keyboard_access" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|V}}
|
|
|
|-
! scope="col"|[[Undo]] the last operation
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Z}}, <small>or</small><br/> {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Backspace}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Z}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Z}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|x}}, <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|u}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|/}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|_}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Undo}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|u}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Z}}
|-
! scope="col"|[[Redo]] the last operation
|'''{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Y}}, <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|<small>Alt</small>|<small>Shift</small>|<small>Backspace</small>}}'''
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|Z}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Z}}, <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Y}}
|{{smalldiv|1=Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be redos.
Since version 28, also {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|?}}
or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|_}}.
}}
| {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|r}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Z}}
|-
! scope="row" |Cut the selection and store it in the [[Clipboard (software)|clipboard]]
|[[Ctrl-X|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|X}}]], <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|[[Delete key|Del]]}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|X}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|X}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|w}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|x}}
<small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|"ax}} <small>to cut in register "a"</small>
<small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|"+x}} <small>to cut in system clipboard</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|X}}
|-
! scope="row" |Copy the selection into the [[Clipboard (software)|clipboard]]
|[[Ctrl-C|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|C}}]], <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|[[Insert key|Ins]]}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|C}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|C}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|w}}, <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Ins}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|y}}
<small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|"ay}}
<small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|"+y}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|C}}
|-
! scope="row" |Paste contents of [[Clipboard (software)|clipboard]] at [[cursor (computers)|cursor]]
|[[Ctrl-V|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|V}}]],<small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Ins}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|V}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|V}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|y}}, <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Ins}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|p}}
<small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|"ap}} <small>to paste the content of the "a" register</small>
<small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|"+p}} <small>to paste the content of the system clipboard</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|V}}
|-
! scope="row" |Paste special
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|V}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|<small>Shift</small>|<small>Opt</small>|<small>Cmd</small>|<small>V</small>}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|V}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|y}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|V}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search|V}}
|-
! scope="row" |Select all in focused control or window
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|A}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|A}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|A}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|x}}, <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|h}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|ggVG}}<small>, unlikely ever needed as most commands take an optional range parameter.</small> {{#invoke:key|press|%}} <small> means "all in focused windows" here so e.g. to copy all the text, use</small> {{#invoke:key|press|{{colon}}%y}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|A}}
|-
! scope="row" |Cycle through installed keyboard languages / [[input method]]s
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Shift}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Space}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Shift|Space}}
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Shift}} changes between languages while {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift}} changes between keyboard layouts of the same language. The latter two display a menu with the currently selected input method highlighted, and debuted in Windows 8. {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Shift|Space}} goes through the list backwards. For the first two shortcuts going backwards is done by using the right {{#invoke:key|press|Shift}} key instead of the left.</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Fn}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Space}} on older devices
<small>(not MBR)</small>

<small>Configure desired keypress in ''Keyboard and Mouse Preferences'', ''Keyboard Shortcuts'', ''Select the next source in Input menu''.</small><ref name="HT2490"/>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|K}} <small>via KDE Keyboard</small>
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Shift}} <small>in GNOME</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|\}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Space}}
|-
! scope="row" |Print
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|P}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|P}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|P}}
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|P}}
|-
! scope="row" |Open Help Menu
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|F1}} <small>in GNOME</small>
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Search|S}}
|-
! scope="row" |Windows Mobility Center
|Windows 7: {{#invoke:key|press|Win|X}}

Windows 10: <br/>{{#invoke:key|press|Win|X}} then&nbsp;{{#invoke:key|press|B}}

|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |PowerUser (WinX) Menu
|Windows 10: {{#invoke:key|press|Win|X}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Restart Video Driver
|Windows 10: {{Key press|Ctrl|Shift|Win|B}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/351164/secret-windows-hotkey-restarts-your-graphics-card-drivers/ |title=Secret Windows Hotkey Restarts Your Graphics Card Drivers |last=Hoffman |first=Chris |publisher=How-To Geek LLC |date=May 4, 2018 |website=howtogeek.com |access-date=January 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nextofwindows.com/windows-10-tip-how-to-restart-video-driver-without-rebooting-computer |title=Windows 10 Tip: How To Restart Video Driver without Rebooting Computer |last=Chen |first=Kent |publisher=Next of Windows |date=May 7, 2018 |website=nextofwindows.com |access-date=January 20, 2021}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==== System navigation ====

{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]<ref group="notes" name="highlight_macOS_sacredkeybindings" />
! scope="col"|[[Linux]]
! scope="col"|[[ChromeOS]]
|-
! scope="row" |Lock desktop
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|L}}<ref name="windows-lock" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Cmd|Q}}<ref name="mac-lock" /> <small>([[macOS High Sierra]] and greater)</small><br/><small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Eject}} <small>or MBR</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Pwr}}
<small>(If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences&nbsp;— Security & Privacy")</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Super|L}} <small>(GNOME)<ref name="gnome-shortcuts-set"/> or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|L}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search|L}}
|-
! scope="row" |Log out user
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|Q}}
|[[Control-Alt-Delete|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Delete}}]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Q}} (Twice)
|-
! scope="row" |Switch active user
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|L}}<ref group="notes" name="userswitchxp" />
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Applications menu
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win}} <small>or</small> <br/>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Esc}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F2}}, <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|"n"}}<ref group="notes" name="full_keyboard_access" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Super}} <small>or</small> <br/>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Esc}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search}}
|-
! scope="row" |Run application
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win}}<small>, enter executable name or</small> <br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Win|R}}<small>, enter executable name</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Space}}<small>, enter executable name or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|↓}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F2}}<small>, enter executable name</small>
|
|-
! scope="row" |Search
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win}}<small>, enter executable name or</small> <br/>{{#invoke:key|press|Win|S}} <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|F3}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Space}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win}} (Gnome)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search}}
|-
! scope="row" |Show desktop
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|D}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|H}} or {{#invoke:key|press|F11}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|D}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Access SysTray
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|B}}
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Alt|S}}
|-
! scope="row" |Switch window (next/previous)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Tab}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Alt|Tab}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Tab}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Shift|Tab}}<br/>
(While in app switching window, {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|`}} can be used to  select backward, {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|1}} can be used to view selected app's windows)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Tab}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Shift|Tab}}
or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Tab}} / 
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Shift|Tab}} to switch windows within the same application (Gnome)
|Hold {{#invoke:key|press|Alt}}, then quickly press {{#invoke:key|press|Tab}}
|-
! scope="row" |Switch window without dialog (next/previous)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Esc}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Alt|Esc}}
|<small>Only works within single Applications</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|`}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Shift|`}}
|
|
|-
! scope="col"|[[Task manager]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Esc}},<br>[[Control-Alt-Delete|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Delete}}]]<ref group="notes" name="taskmanager" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Cmd|Esc}}<br/>(summons "Force Quit Applications" window)
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search|Esc}}
|-
! scope="row" |File manager
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|E}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Super|F}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Alt|M}}
|-
! scope="row" |New folder
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|N}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|N}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|N}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|E}}
|-
! scope="row" |Rename object
|{{#invoke:key|press|F2}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Enter}}<ref group="notes" name="macOS_returnkeyname" /> <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|F2}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|F2}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Enter}}
|-
! scope="row" |Show hidden files
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|V}}<small>, then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|H}}<small>, then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|H}} <small> again, while in File Explorer, will toggle setting</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|.}}<small>, while in Finder, will toggle setting</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|H}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|.}} <small>in KDE</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|.}}
|-
<!--
|-
! scope="row" |Change input orientation of "Search programs and files" field in Start Menu
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|L}} <small>(left)</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|R}} <small>(right)</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|E}} <small>(center)</small>
|
|
|
|N/A

! scope="row" |Magnifier for Windows 7
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|+}} <small>(Zoom in)</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Win|-}} <small>(Zoom out)</small>
-->
|}

==== Power management ====

{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]
! scope="col"|[[Linux]]
! scope="col"|[[ChromeOS]]
|-
! scope="row" |Place computer into sleep/standby mode
|Windows 10: {{#invoke:key|press|Win|x}} >&nbsp;{{#invoke:key|press|u}} >&nbsp;{{#invoke:key|press|s}}

Windows 7: {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Right|Right|Enter}}

{{#invoke:key|press|Sleep}} <small>(available on some keyboards)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Cmd|Eject}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Sleep}} <small>(available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel ➢&nbsp;Power Options ➢&nbsp;Advanced tab dialog box)</small>
|
|-
! scope="row" |Shut down computer
|Windows 10: {{#invoke:key|press|Win|x}} >&nbsp;{{#invoke:key|press|u}} >&nbsp;{{#invoke:key|press|u}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Opt|Cmd|Eject}}
<small>(no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|PageDown}}
<small>(KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)</small>
<small>(GNOME; there is no default shortcut)</small><ref name="gnome-shortcuts-set"/>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Power}} (Hold for 10 seconds)
|-
! scope="row" |Restart computer
| Windows 10: {{#invoke:key|press|Win|x}} >&nbsp;{{#invoke:key|press|u}} >&nbsp;{{#invoke:key|press|r}} <br> Windows 7: {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Right|Right|Up|Enter}}
||{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Cmd|Eject}}<ref name="HT201236"/> or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Cmd|Power}}
<small>(no confirmation, restart is immediate)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|PageUp}}
<small>(KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate)</small>
|
|-
! scope="row" |Place display in sleep mode
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Eject}}
|
|where is lined
|-
! scope="row" |Bring up power/sleep dialog box
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Eject}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Force shutdown
|{{#invoke:key|press|Power}} (Hold for several seconds)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Cmd|Eject}} or Hold {{#invoke:key|press|Power}} for 10 seconds
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|refresh|power}}
|}

==== Screenshots ====

{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]
! scope="col"|[[Linux]]
! scope="col"|[[ChromeOS]]
|-
! scope="row" |Save [[screenshot]] of entire screen as file
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Print Screen}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|3}}<ref name="HT201361" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Print Screen}}<ref name="gnome-screenshots" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Show Windows}}
|-
 
! scope="row" |Copy screenshot of entire screen to clipboard
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Print Screen}} <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Print Screen}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Cmd|3}} 
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Print Screen}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Show Windows}}
|-

! scope="row" |Copy screenshot of active window to clipboard
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Print Screen}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Print Screen}}
|
|-

! scope="row" |Save screenshot of window as file
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|4}} <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Space}} <small>then move mouse and click</small> 
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Print Screen}} <small>([[GNOME]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Show Windows}} then move mouse and click
|-
! scope="row" |Copy screenshot of window to clipboard
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Cmd|4}} <small>then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Space}} <small>then move mouse and click</small> 
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Print Screen}} <small>([[GNOME]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Show Windows}} then move mouse and click
|-

! scope="row" |Save screenshot of arbitrary area as file
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|4}} <small>then click+drag mouse over required area</small> 
|{{#invoke:key|press|Print Screen}} <small>click+drag mouse over required area, then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}} <small>([[GNOME]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Show Windows}} then click+drag mouse over required area
|-

! scope="row" |Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard (Snip)
|Windows 10: {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Shift|S}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Cmd|4}} <small>then click+drag mouse over required area</small> 
|{{#invoke:key|press|Print Screen}} <small>click+drag mouse over required area, then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}} <small>([[GNOME]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Show Windows}} then click+drag mouse over required area
|-
! scope="row" |Screencasting
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|R}} <small>(GNOME<ref name="The GNOME Project" /><ref name="Screen Shot Record" />)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Show Windows}} then select the Screen Record button on the toolbar
|-
! scope="row" |Screenshot Utility
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|5}}<ref name="macOS Mojave Screenshot"/>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Print Screen}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Show Windows}}
|-
!Save screenshot of the [[Touch Bar]] as file
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|6}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Take screenshots or screen recordings on Mac |url=https://support.apple.com/en-ca/guide/mac-help/mh26782/mac |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=Apple Support |language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|}

=== Text editing ===
Many of these commands may be combined with {{#invoke:key|press|Shift}} to select a region of text.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Use keyboard shortcuts to create PowerPoint presentations - Microsoft Support |url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/use-keyboard-shortcuts-to-create-powerpoint-presentations-ebb3d20e-dcd4-444f-a38e-bb5c5ed180f4#bkmk_selecttext_win |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240528002323/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/use-keyboard-shortcuts-to-create-powerpoint-presentations-ebb3d20e-dcd4-444f-a38e-bb5c5ed180f4%23bkmk_selecttext_win |archive-date=28 May 2024 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=support.microsoft.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Keyboard shortcuts to select and move text in a document |url=https://help.hcltechsw.com/notes/11.0.0/acc_sho_edit_r.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240528090345/https://help.hcltechsw.com/notes/11.0.0/acc_sho_edit_r.html |archive-date=2024-05-28 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=help.hcltechsw.com |language=en-us}}</ref><ref group="notes" name="selected_text" />

In macOS, holding {{#invoke:key|press|Command}} while dragging mouse can be used to invert selection, and holding {{#invoke:key|press|Option}} can be used to select by rectangular area in some apps. (These two functionalities may be combined).

In macOS, the default text editing keyboard shortcuts in Cocoa text views can be overridden and new custom shortcuts can be created, by creating and editing related configuration files.<ref>{{cite web|website=Apple Developer Documentation Archive|date=September 9, 2013|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/EventOverview/TextDefaultsBindings/TextDefaultsBindings.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310213842/https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/EventOverview/TextDefaultsBindings/TextDefaultsBindings.html|archive-date=March 10, 2024|title=Text System Defaults and Key Bindings
|access-date=2024-01-18}}</ref><ref group="notes" name="CustomKeyBindings"/>

{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]<ref group="notes" name="highlight_macOS_sacredkeybindings" />
! scope="col"|[[Linux]]
! scope="col"|[[Emacs]]
! scope="col"|[[Vim (text editor)|Vim]]
! scope="col"|[[ChromeOS]]
|-
! scope="row" |Delete char to the right of cursor
|{{#invoke:key|press|Del}} <small>or</small><br/>
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Backspace}}</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Del}} <small>or</small><br/>
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Backspace}}</small>
<small>or</small><br>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl+D}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Del}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|d}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|x}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Backspace}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Search|Backspace}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Del}}
|-
! scope="row" |Delete word to the right of cursor
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Del}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Del}} <small>or</small><br/>
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Fn|Backspace}}</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Del}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|d}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|dw}}<br/> <small>(delete space too) or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|de}} <small>(keep space)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Search|Backspace}}
|-
! scope="row" |Delete word to the left of cursor
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Backspace}}</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Backspace}}</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Backspace}}</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Backspace}}</small> or<br/>
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|Backspace}}</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|dge}}<br/> <small>(delete space too) or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|db}} <small>(keep space)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Backspace}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to start of line
|{{#invoke:key|press|Home}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|←}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|←}} <br/> <small>(go to start of line)</small><br/><small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|A}} <br/> <small>(go to start of paragraph)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|a}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|^}}<br/> <small>(go to first non-space) or</small><br/> {{#invoke:key|press|0}}<br/> <small>(go to column 0)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search|←}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to end of line
|{{#invoke:key|press|End}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|→}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|→}} <br/><small>(go to end of line)</small><br/><small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|E}} <br/> <small>(go to end of paragraph)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|End}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|e}} <br /><small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|End}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|$}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search|→}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to start of document
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|↑}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|<}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|gg}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Search|←}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to end of document
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|End}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|↓}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|End}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|>}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|End}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|G}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Search|→}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to previous word
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|←}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|/}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|←}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Opt|B}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|←}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|b}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|←}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|←}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|b}} <small>or</small><br/> {{#invoke:key|press|ge}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|←}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to next word
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|→}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|→}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Opt|F}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|→}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|f}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|→}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|→}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|w}} <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|e}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|→}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to previous line
|{{#invoke:key|press|↑}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|↑}} <small>or</small><br/> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|p}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|↑}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|p}} <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|↑}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|k}} <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|↑}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|↑}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to next line
|{{#invoke:key|press|↓}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|↓}} <small>or</small><br/> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|n}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|↓}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|n}} <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|↓}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|j}} <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|↓}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|↓}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to previous line break (paragraph)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|↑}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|↑}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|↑}}<br/> <small>(kword or GNOME)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|(}} <small>or</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Control|Up}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|(}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|↑}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to next line break 
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|↓}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|↓}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|↓}}<br/> <small>(kword or GNOME)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|{{)}}}} <small>or</small><br/> {{#invoke:key|press|Control|Down}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|)}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|↓}}
|-
! scope="row" |Move the cursor down the length of the viewport
|{{#invoke:key|press|Page Down}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|PageDn}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Fn|↓}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|V}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Page Down}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|v}} <small>or</small> <br />
{{#invoke:key|press|Page Down}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|f}} <small>or</small><br />
{{#invoke:key|press|Page Down}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search|↓}}
|-
! scope="row" |Move the cursor up the length of the viewport
|{{#invoke:key|press|Page Up}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|PageUp}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Fn|↑}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Page Up}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|v}} <small>or</small><br />
{{#invoke:key|press|Page Up}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|b}} <small>or</small><br />
{{#invoke:key|press|Page Up}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search|↑}}
|- id="Go to find"
! scope="row" |Find
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|F}}<br/><small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|E}}<br/> <small>(search with current selection)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F}}
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|K}} <small>(GNOME; interactive search)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|s}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|/}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to next search result
|{{#invoke:key|press|F3}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|G}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|G}} <small>(GNOME) or<br/></small>
{{#invoke:key|press|F3}} <small>(KDE)<ref name="KDE HIG" /></small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|s}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|n}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|G}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to previous search result
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F3}}
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|G}}</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|G}} (GNOME)&nbsp;or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F3}} <small>(KDE)<ref name="KDE HIG" /></small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|r}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|N}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|G}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Enter}}
|-
! scope="row" |Search and replace
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|H}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|F}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|H}} <small>(GNOME)&nbsp;or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|R}} <small>(KDE)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|%}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|%s/fosh/fish/gc}}<ref group="notes" name="substitution_options" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|H}}
|-
! scope="row" |Search with a [[regular expression]]
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Meta|s}}
|rowspan="2"| <small>All searches use regular expressions.</small>
|
|-
! scope="row" |Search and replace with a regular expression
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Meta|%}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Emoji Picker
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|.}} <small>or</small> <br/>{{#invoke:key|press|Win|;}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Cmd|Space}}
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search|Shift|Space}}
|}

==== Text formatting ====
{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] WordPad
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]<ref group="notes" name="highlight_macOS_sacredkeybindings" />
! scope="col"|[[Linux]]<ref name="Appendix A — Keyboard Shortcuts" />
! scope="col"|[[Emacs]]
! scope="col"|[[Vim (text editor)|Vim]]
|-
! scope="row" |Bold
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|B}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|B}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|B}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|o}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|b}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Underline
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|U}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|U}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|U}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|o}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|u}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Italic
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|I}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|I}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|I}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|o}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|i}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Uppercase / Lowercase
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|A}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Cmd|C}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift}}<nowiki>+</nowiki>{{#invoke:key|press|F3}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|u}} for upper,
{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|l}} for lower,
{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|c}} for capitalized.
|{{#invoke:key|press|gU}} for upper, {{#invoke:key|press|gu}} for lower, {{#invoke:key|press|~}} to toggle.
|-
! scope="row" |Superscript
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|{{=}}}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Cmd|+}} (some applications only)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|P}}<ref name="linuxmint"/>
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Subscript
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|{{=}}}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Cmd|-}} (some applications only)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|B}}<ref name="linuxmint"/>
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Selected text larger/smaller
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|>}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|<}}<br/>
or<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|[}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl/core|]}}

or

{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|>}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|<}}

|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|+}}<br/>{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|-}}
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Selected text Bullets or Numbered Items
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|L}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Insert Linebreak/Newline
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Enter}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Enter}}<ref group="notes" name="macOS_returnkeyname" />
or<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Enter}}
<br/>or<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Enter}}<ref group="notes" name="macOS_returnkeyname" /><br/>(may be able to skip some editor-defined input processing)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Enter}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Insert [[Unicode]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|X}} + character codepoint
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt}} + character codepoint<br/>("Unicode Hex Input" must be added and active as current input source)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|U}} + character codepoint
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|v}}+{{#invoke:key|press|u}} + character codepoint
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|X|8}} + character codepoint
|}

=== Browsers / Go menu ===
{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]
! scope="col"|[[Linux]]
! scope="col"|[[ChromeOS]]
|-
! scope="row" |Go to Address Bar
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl}}<nowiki>+</nowiki>{{#invoke:key|press|L}} / {{#invoke:key|press|F6}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Alt}}<nowiki>+</nowiki>{{#invoke:key|press|D}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|C}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|E}}<br />depending on language
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|L}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|G}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl}}<nowiki>+</nowiki>{{#invoke:key|press|L}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt}}<nowiki>+</nowiki>{{#invoke:key|press|D}} or {{#invoke:key|press|F6}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|L}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|D}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to the previous location in history<ref>{{cite web|title=Browser Shortcuts|url=http://mirus-it.co.uk/keyboard-shortcuts/|publisher=Mirus IT|access-date=17 July 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082059/http://mirus-it.co.uk/keyboard-shortcuts/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Left}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Backspace}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|[}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Left}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Left}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Left}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to the next location in history
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Right}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Backspace}} (web browser only)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|]}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Right}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Right}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Right}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Up}} (Vista, 7, 8 or 10 only) or {{#invoke:key|press|Backspace}} (Windows Explorer)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Up}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Up}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Go to the starting page defined by the user or application
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Home}} (KDE) /
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Home}} (GNOME)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Search|Left}}
|}

==== Web browsers ====
{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]
! scope="col"|[[Linux]]
! scope="col"|[[Emacs]]-[[w3m]]
! scope="col"|[[Vimperator]]
! scope="col"|[[ChromeOS]]
|-
! scope="row" |Bookmarks menu
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|B}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|B}}<br/>
<small>([[Firefox]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|B}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|v}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|{{colon}}bmarks}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|B}}
|-
! scope="row" |URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Enter}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Enter}}<ref group="notes" name="macOS_returnkeyname" /> <small>([[Firefox]])</small> or <br />
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Enter}}<ref group="notes" name="macOS_returnkeyname" /> <small>([[Google Chrome|Chrome]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Enter}}
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Enter}}
|-
! scope="row" |URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org)
|
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|Enter}}</small><ref group="notes" name="macOS_returnkeyname" /> <small>([[Firefox]])</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Enter}}</small>
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net)
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Enter}}<ref group="notes" name="macOS_returnkeyname" /> <small>([[Firefox]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Enter}}
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Add bookmark for current page
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|D}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|D}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|B}} /<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|D}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|a}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|{{colon}}bmark}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|D}}
|-
! scope="row" |Add bookmark for current link
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|a}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Manage bookmarks
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|O}} <small>([[Microsoft Edge|MS Edge]]/[[Google Chrome|Chrome]]/[[Firefox]])</small><br>or<br>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|B}} <small>([[Internet Explorer]])</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Opt|B}}</small> <small>([[Google Chrome|Chrome]]/[[Safari browser|Safari]]) or</small> <br />
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Shift|B}}</small> <small>([[Firefox]])</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|R}}</small> /<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|B}}
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|O}}
|-
! scope="row" |Move focus to Web search bar
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|E}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|E}} <small>([[Opera browser|Opera]]) or</small> <br />
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|K}} <small>([[Firefox]]) or</small> <br />
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Cmd|F}}</small> <small>([[Safari browser|Safari]]/[[Google Chrome|Chrome]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|k}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|t}} <small>(open in a new tab) or</small><br/> {{#invoke:key|press|T}} <small>(open in current tab)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|E}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|K}}
|-
! scope="row" |Move focus to address bar
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|L}} <small>or</small><br />
{{#invoke:key|press|F6}} <small>or</small> <br />
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|D}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|L}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|L}} or <br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|D}} or <br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|F6}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|g}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|O}} <small>to alter URL,</small><br/> <small>use</small> {{#invoke:key|press|y}} <small>to copy it.</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|L}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|D}}
|-
! scope="row" |Refresh a webpage
|{{#invoke:key|press|F5}} <small>or</small><br />
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|R}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|R}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|F5}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|R}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|R}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|r}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|⟲}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|R}}
|-
! scope="row" |Refresh a webpage ignoring cache
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F5}} <small>or</small><br />
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|R}}</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Cmd|E}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|R}}</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|F5}}</small> or <small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|R}}</small>
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|R}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|R}}
|-
! scope="row" |Open a new window
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|N}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|N}}<br/> <small>([[Google Chrome|Chrome]], hold shift to open new window in Incognito)</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|N}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|{{colon}}winopen}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|N}}
|-
! scope="row" |Zoom Options<br/> (zoom in /<br/> zoom out /<br/> zoom 100%)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|+}} /<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|-}} /<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|0}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|+}} /<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|-}} / <br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|0}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|+}} / <br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|-}} / <br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|0}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|zi}} / {{#invoke:key|press|zo}} / {{#invoke:key|press|zz}} (text only)
or {{#invoke:key|press|zI}} / {{#invoke:key|press|zO}} / {{#invoke:key|press|zZ}} (text and images)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|+}} /<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|-}} /<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|0}}
|}

==== Tab management ====
{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]
! scope="col"|[[Linux]]
! scope="col"|[[Emacs]]-[[w3m]]
! scope="col"|[[Vimperator]]
! scope="col"|[[ChromeOS]]
|-
! scope="row" |New tab
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|T}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|T}}
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|N}} or</small><br/>
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|T}} or</small> <br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|T}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|c}}<small>, then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|t}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|t}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|T}}
|-
! scope="row" |Close tab
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|W}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F4}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|W}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|W}} <small>[[Firefox]]<ref name="mozilla" /></small><small> & [[Opera browser|Opera]]<ref name="opera"/> & [[Google Chrome|Chrome]]<ref name="google"/> & [[GNOME Web]]<ref name="gnome 1" /> & [[Midori browser|Midori]]</small>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F4}} <small>[[Firefox]]<ref name="mozilla"/> & [[Opera browser|Opera]]<ref name="opera"/> & [[Google Chrome|Chrome]]<ref name="google"/></small>
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|d}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|W}}
|-
! scope="row" |Close all tabs but the current one
|
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Opt|T}}</small> <small>([[Safari browser|Safari]])</small>
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|c}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|Meta|w}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Go to next tab
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}} <small>or</small><br/>
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Shift|→}}</small> <small>([[Safari browser|Safari]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|PageDown}} <small>or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}} <small>or</small><br />
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|.}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|c}}<small>, then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|n}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|gt}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to previous tab
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}}</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|tab}} or</small><br/>
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Shift|←}} ([[Safari browser|Safari]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|PageUp}} <small>or</small><br />
<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}}<br /> or</small>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|,}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|c}}<small>, then</small> {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|p}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|gT}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to tab-{{Mvar|n}}<ref group="notes" name="n_between_1_and_9">Holding Ctrl+Shift+Page Up/Page Down will move the selected tab past multiple tabs to the left/right.</ref>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|''n''}}<ref group="notes" name="n_between_1_and_9" /> <small><br/>([[Microsoft Edge|MS Edge]],[[Google Chrome|Chrome]], [[Firefox]], [[Internet Explorer]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|''n''}}<ref group="notes" name="n_between_1_and_9" /> <small>([[Google Chrome|Chrome]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|''n''}}<ref group="notes" name="n_between_1_and_9" /> <small>([[Google Chrome|Chrome]], [[Firefox]]) or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|''n''}}<ref group="notes" name="n_between_1_and_9" /> <small>([[Google Chrome|Chrome]])</small>
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|First tab: {{#invoke:key|press|g0}}
Last tab: {{#invoke:key|press|g$}}
|rowspan="2"|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|''b''}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to last tab
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|''9''}} <small><br/>([[Google Chrome|Chrome]], [[Firefox]], [[Internet Explorer]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|''9''}} <small>([[Google Chrome|Chrome]])</small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|''9''}} <small>([[Google Chrome|Chrome]], [[Firefox]]) or</small><br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|''9''}} <small>([[Google Chrome|Chrome]])</small>
|-
! scope="row" |Move a tab to the left<ref name="n_between_1_and_9" group="notes" />
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Page Up}}<br />([[Microsoft Edge|MS Edge]],[[Google Chrome|Chrome]], [[Firefox]])</small>
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Move a tab to the right<ref name="n_between_1_and_9" group="notes" />
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Page Down}}<br />([[Microsoft Edge|MS Edge]],[[Google Chrome|Chrome]], [[Firefox]])</small>
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Open a previously closed tab
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|T}}</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Shift|T}}</small><br/> <small>([[Firefox]], [[Opera browser|Opera]], [[Google Chrome|Chrome]])</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|T}}</small><br/>
<small>([[Firefox]], [[Opera browser|Opera]], [[Google Chrome|Chrome]])<ref name="google"/><ref name="mozilla"/><ref name="opera"/></small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|T}} ([[Firefox]])<ref name="mozilla"/></small>
|{{#invoke:key|press|u}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|T}}
|-
! scope="row" |Open a previously closed window
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|N}}</small> <small>([[Firefox]])</small><ref name="mozilla"/>
|
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|T}}
|}

=== Window management ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|+
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]<ref group="notes" name="highlight_macOS_sacredkeybindings" />
! scope="col"|[[KDE]]
! scope="col"|[[GNOME]]
! scope="col"|[[Emacs]]
! scope="col"|[[ChromeOS]]
|-
! scope="row" |Force window mode (Application requires functionality for set action)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Enter}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Alt|Enter}}<ref group="notes" name="macOS_returnkeyname" /> or {{#invoke:key|press|Option|Alt|F}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|F}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Option|F}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Pop up window menu
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F3}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|`}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|b}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Close the focused window
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F4}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|C}}<ref group="notes" name="AltSpaceLanguage" />
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|W}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F4}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F4}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|k}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|W}}
|-
! scope="row" |Close all windows of current application
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Opt|W}}
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|W}}
|-
! scope="row" |Restore the focused window to its previous size
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|R}}<ref group="notes" name="AltSpaceLanguage" />
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F3}} then {{#invoke:key|press|X}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F5}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|r}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|j}}, then letter of the window state register.
|
|-
! scope="row" |Move the focused window
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|M}}<ref group="notes" name="AltSpaceLanguage" /> then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}}.<br />Press {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}} to save new location and {{#invoke:key|press|Esc}} to cancel
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt}}+Mouse /
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F3}} then {{#invoke:key|press|M}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt}}+Mouse /
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F7}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Resize the focused window
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|S}}<ref group="notes" name="AltSpaceLanguage" /> then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}}.<br />{{#invoke:key|press|Enter}} to save new size and {{#invoke:key|press|Esc}} to cancel
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F3}} then {{#invoke:key|press|S}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F8}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Alt}}+Right Mouse Button<ref group="notes" name="GnomeResizeWithMouse" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|^}} vertically
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|]}} (snap window to right half of screen), {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|[}} (snap window to left half of screen) 
|-
! scope="row" |Keep window always on top
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Esc}} (toggles on/off)
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Hide the focused window
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|H}}<br />(Hides all windows of the currently active application)
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|x}}, then bury-buffer, then {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Hide all except the focused window
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Option|H}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Put the focused window furthest back (in tab order and Z axis)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Esc}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Minimize the focused window
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|N}}<ref group="notes" name="AltSpaceLanguage" /> or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|down}} (Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows 7+)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|M}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F3}} then {{#invoke:key|press|N}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F9}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|x}}, then bury-buffer, then {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|-}}
|-
! scope="row" |Maximize the focused window
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|X}}<ref group="notes" name="AltSpaceLanguage" /> or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|up}} (Windows 7+)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|L}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F3}} then {{#invoke:key|press|X}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F10}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|1}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|=}}
|-
! scope="row" |Maximize horizontally
|
|
|''Available, but no default''
|''Available, but no default''
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Maximize vertically
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Shift|Up}} (Windows 7+)
|''Available ('Zoom'), but no default''
|''Available, but no default''
|''Available, but no default''
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Minimize all
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|M}} (minimize all windows) or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|D}} (show desktop)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Opt|M}}
|''Available, but no default''
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Minimize all non focused windows
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Home}} (Windows 7+)
|
|''Available, but no default''
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Undo minimize all
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Shift|M}}
|
|''Available, but no default''
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Switch fullscreen/normal size
|{{#invoke:key|press|F11}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Shift|Enter}} ([[Universal Windows Platform apps|UWP]] apps only)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Ctrl|F}} or<br/>{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|F}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|F11}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|F11}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Fullscreen}}
|-
! scope="row" |Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar
|
|''Depends on application, system default:'' {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Ctrl|F}} and<br/>{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|F}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|F}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F11}}
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Show all open windows
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Tab}} 
|{{#invoke:key|press|F3}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|F9}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|F9}} or
Move mouse pointer to configured ''hot corner'' or ''active screen corner''<ref name="docs.info.apple.com" /><ref name="ReferenceA" />
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win}} works per desktop on Gnome 3+
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|b}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Show Windows}}
|-
! scope="row" |Show all windows of current application
|⊞ Win+Tab ↹
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F3}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|F10}} or
Move mouse pointer to configured ''hot corner'' or ''active screen corner''<ref name="docs.info.apple.com" /><ref name="ReferenceA" />
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|`}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|b}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Show all workspaces
|{{#invoke:key|press|win|tab}} (Windows 10)
|{{#invoke:key|press|F8}} or
Move mouse pointer to configured ''hot corner'' or ''active screen corner''<ref name="docs.info.apple.com" /><ref name="ReferenceA" />
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Show Windows}}
|-
! scope="row" |Move window to left/right/up/down workspace
|{{#invoke:key|press|win|Left}}/{{#invoke:key|press|Right}} (Windows 7+)
|
|''Available, but no default''
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|Left}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Right}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Search|[}}/{{#invoke:key|press|]}}
|-
! scope="row" |Move window between multiple monitors
|{{#invoke:key|press|win|Shift|Left}}/{{#invoke:key|press|Right}} (Windows 7+)
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|win|Shift|Left}}/{{#invoke:key|press|Right}}/{{#invoke:key|press|win|Shift|Up}}/{{#invoke:key|press|Down}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Search|M}}
|-
! scope="row" |Move window to workspace {{Mvar|n}}
|
|
|''Available, but no default''
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Switch to next/previous workspace list
|
|
|''Available, but no default''
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Go to workspace {{Mvar|n}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|''n''}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F''n''}}
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Search|''n''}}
|-
! scope="row" |Go to left/right/up/down workspace
|<ref group="notes" name="moveToWorkspace_Windows" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Left}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Right}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Up}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Down}} (OS X 10.5 to 10.6),
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Left}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Right}} (OS X 10.7 and later)
|''Available, but no default''
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Left}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Right}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Search|[}}/{{#invoke:key|press|]}}
|-
! scope="row" |Quit application of current window
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F4}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F4}} ''varies''<ref group="notes" name="xpclose" />
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Q}}<ref group="notes" name="macoskill" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Esc}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F4}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Q}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|q}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|W}} 
|-
! scope="row" |Close dialog
|{{#invoke:key|press|Esc}} (Laptop)<br />{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Down|F4}} (Desktop)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Esc}} <br/> or sometimes <br/> {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|.}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Esc}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Esc}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|W}}
|-
! scope="row" |Open/Focus (preview) pinned program on the taskbar
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7+)
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the GNOME Dash
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
|-
! scope="row" |Open new program window of pinned program in Quick Launch
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch toolbar (Windows Vista, 7+)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|A|Shift}}
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
|-
! scope="row" |Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is already opened)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Shift|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7+)
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Ctrl|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the GNOME Dash
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
|-
! scope="row" |Focus the first taskbar entry; pressing again will cycle through them
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|T}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|Left}}{{#invoke:key|press|Right}} back and forth; hold {{#invoke:key|press|Shift}} to cycle backwards (Windows 7+)
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Peek at the desktop
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Space}} (Windows 7)<br />{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Comma}} (Windows 8+)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|F3}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|F11}} or
Move mouse pointer to configured ''hot corner'' or ''active screen corner''<ref name="docs.info.apple.com" /><ref name="ReferenceA" />
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|G}} (Windows Vista,7) or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Space}} (Vista only, no cycling)
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |External display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc.)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|P}} (Windows 7+)
|
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Fullscreen}}
|}

=== User interface navigation (widgets and controls) ===
{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]<ref group="notes" name="highlight_macOS_sacredkeybindings" />
! scope="col"|[[KDE]]
! scope="col"|[[GNOME]]
|-
! scope="row" |Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control
|{{#invoke:key|press|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Tab}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Tab}}<ref group="notes" name="full_keyboard_access" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Tab}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Tab}}
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}}
|-
! scope="row" |Pop up tooltip for currently focused control
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F1}}
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F1}}
|-
! scope="row" |Show context-sensitive help for currently focused window or control
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F1}}
|style="background: #f9f9e9;"|{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|?}} <br/> (Not context-sensitive, functionally a "Spotlight" for menu bar items and help topics)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F1}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F1}}
|-
! scope="row" |Give focus to next/previous pane
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F6}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F5}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}}<br/>{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|F5}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F6}}
|-
! scope="row" |Give focus to splitter bar in paned window
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|F8}}
|-
! scope="row" |Give focus to window's [[menu bar]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|F10}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|M}} or<br />{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F2}} (or {{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Ctrl|F2}} on some keyboards)<ref group="notes" name="full_keyboard_access" />
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|F10}}
|-
! scope="row" |Pop up [[contextual menu]] for currently selected objects (aka ''context menu'')
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F10}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Menu}}
|Varies with laptop / extended keyboard type; enable [[Mouse keys]] in [[Universal Access]], then {{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Ctrl|5}} or 
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|5}} (numeric keypad) or
{{#invoke:key|press|Function|Ctrl|I}} (laptop)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Menu}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Menu}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F10}}
|-
! scope="row" |Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button
|{{#invoke:key|press|Space}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Space}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Space}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Space}}
|-
! scope="row" |Activate focused button, menu item etc.
|{{#invoke:key|press|Enter}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Space}} (also {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}}<ref group="notes" name="macOS_returnkeyname" /> for menu items)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Enter}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Enter}}
|-
! scope="row" |Expand a drop-down list
|{{#invoke:key|press|F4}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Down}}
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Select/move to first/last item in selected widget
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Home}} / {{#invoke:key|press|End}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Home}} / {{#invoke:key|press|End}}
|-
! scope="row" |Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|PageUp}} / {{#invoke:key|press|PageDown}}<br/>
( {{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Up}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Down}} )
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|PageUp}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|PageUp}} /<br/> {{#invoke:key|press|PageDown}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|PageDown}}
|-
! scope="row" |Scroll selected view to top/bottom
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Home}} / {{#invoke:key|press|End}}<br/>
( {{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Left}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Right}} )
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |Switch focus to the next/previous tab/view within a window
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}}<br/>
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}} ->
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}} <-
|-
! scope="row" |Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|Tab}}
|-
! scope="row" |Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog)
|
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Esc}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|Esc}}
|}

=== Command line shortcuts ===
Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a [[Command line interface|command line environment]]. Bash and Z shell keybindings are derived from Emacs text editing bindings.

{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="row" |Windows<br />([[cmd.exe]])
! scope="row" |Windows<br />([[PowerShell]])
! scope="col"|[[Unix-like]]<br />([[Bash (Unix shell)|bash]], [[Z shell|zsh]])
! scope="row" |Unix-like<br />([[Unix shell|POSIX-compliant shell]])
|-
! scope="row" |Scroll through history of typed commands
|{{#invoke:key|press|Up}}/{{#invoke:key|press|↓}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Up}}/{{#invoke:key|press|↓}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Up}}/{{#invoke:key|press|↓}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|P}}/{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|N}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|ESC}}&nbsp;{{#invoke:key|press|K}} / {{#invoke:key|press|ESC}}&nbsp;{{#invoke:key|press|J}}
|----|----
! scope="row" |Signal [[end-of-file]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Z}}
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|D}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Abort current command/typing
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|C}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|C}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|C}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|C}}
|-
! scope="row" |Erase word to the left
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Backspace}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Backspace}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|W}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Esc|Backspace}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Erase word to the right
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Delete}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Delete}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|D}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Erase line to the left
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|U}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Erase line to the right
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|End}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|End}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|K}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Yank/paste previously erased string
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Y}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Move one word to the left (backward)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Left}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Left}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|B}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Move one word to the right (forward)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Right}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Right}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Move to beginning of line
|{{#invoke:key|press|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Home}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|A}}<br/>
or {{#invoke:key|press|Home}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Move to end of line
|{{#invoke:key|press|End}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|End}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|E}}<br/>
or {{#invoke:key|press|End}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Reverse search of history
|{{#invoke:key|press|F8}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|F8}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|R}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Pause execution of the current job
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Z}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Insert the next character typed verbatim
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|V}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Autocomplete command/file name
|{{#invoke:key|press|Tab}} (enabled by default in Windows XP and later)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Tab}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Tab}} (usually once)
|{{#invoke:key|press|Esc}} (usually twice)
|-
! scope="row" |Paste contents of [[Clipboard (software)|clipboard]] at [[cursor (computers)|cursor]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|E}}<ref group="notes" name="AltSpaceLanguage" /> then {{#invoke:key|press|P}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|V}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Ins}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Scroll window up
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|PageUp}} (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)
|{{#invoke:key|press|PageUp}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|PageUp}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Scroll window down
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|PageDown}} (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)
|{{#invoke:key|press|PageDown}}
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|PageDown}}
|
|-
! scope="row" |Clear screen
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|L}}
|
|}

=== Accessibility ===
* In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel.
* In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible, if Universal Access is enabled on the system.
<!---
I have included the links for GNOME in the stead of shortcuts because there aren't shortcuts; having the links not only allows evidence of the lack of system-default shortcut access, but directs one in search of universal access to that access.
--->
{|class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"
|-
! scope="col" |Action
! scope="col"|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! scope="col"|[[macOS]]
! scope="col"|[[KDE]]
! scope="col"|[[GNOME]]
|-
! scope="row" |Utility Manager
|{{#invoke:key|press|Win|U}}
|
|
|
|-
! scope="col"|[[Mouse keys|Use keyboard to control cursor]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Left Alt|Left Shift|Numlock}}
|
|
|<ref name="AutoVJ-1" />
|-
! scope="col"|[[StickyKeys|Allow user to press shortcuts one key at a time]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift}} <small>press 5 times</small>
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift}} <small>5 times</small><ref name="Sticky Keys" />
|-
! scope="col"|[[ToggleKeys|Hear beep when -lock key pressed]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Numlock}} <small>hold 5 seconds</small>
|
|
|
|-
! scope="col"|[[Slow keys|Stop/slow repeating characters when key is pressed]]
|{{#invoke:key|press|Right Shift}} <small>hold 8 seconds</small>
|
|
|{{#invoke:key|press|Shift}} <small>hold for 8 seconds</small><ref name="Slow Keys" /><ref name="Repeated Key Presses" /><ref name="Bounce Keys" />
|-
! scope="row" |Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Left Alt|Left Shift|PrtScn}}</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Opt|Ctrl|8}}</small>
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|Shift|i}} (if enabled)</small>
|
|-
! scope="row" |Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode (Only current window)

|
|
|<small>{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|Shift|u}} (if enabled)</small>
|
|-
! scope="row" |Accessibility Shortcut<ref group="notes">This can be set as ''Greyscale'', ''Invert Colours'', ''Magnifier'' and more in ''Ease of Access'' settings</ref>
|{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Win|C}}
|
|
|
|}

== See also ==
* [[Keyboard shortcut]]
* [[Windows key|Microsoft Windows key shortcuts]]
* [[Common User Access]] (CUA)
* [[Keyboard (computing)|Computer keyboard]]
* [[Human interface guidelines]]
* [[Pointing device gesture]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em|group=notes|refs=
<ref name="userswitchxp">Takes you to the "Switch User" screen when [[Fast user switching|Fast User Switching]] has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).</ref>

<ref name="taskmanager">Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager; likewise for Vista.</ref>

<ref name="GnomeResizeWithMouse">Needs to be activated first on some distributions.</ref>

<ref name="AltSpaceLanguage">In Microsoft Windows, all shortcuts with {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} followed by another key are language dependent. The {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels (and their underlined hotkeys) vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows.</ref>

<ref name="moveToWorkspace_Windows">The WinSplit window manager application for Windows knows to emulate this behaviour.</ref>

<ref name="xpclose">There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many [[multiple document interface]] applications, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|W}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F4}} closes a document and {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F4}} quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of [[Microsoft Word]], {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|W}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F4}}, and {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F4}} close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application.</ref>

<ref name="macoskill">macOS uses {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|W}} Close (window), {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Q}} Quit (application), and {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Opt|Esc}} Force Quit (application); {{#invoke:key|press|Option|F4}} can be used to quit certain services or applications. Quit is closest to Kill.</ref>

<ref name="selected_text">For the concept of "selected text" see also [[X Window selection]]</ref>

<ref name="substitution_options">In whole document ({{#invoke:key|press|%}}), substitute ({{#invoke:key|press|s}}) ''fosh'' by ''fish'', don't stop at one substitution per line ({{#invoke:key|press|g}}) and ask for confirmation for each substitution ({{#invoke:key|press|c}}).</ref>

<ref name="full_keyboard_access">Requires full keyboard access active:<br/><code>[[File:Apple logo black.svg|12px]] (The Apple menu) >&nbsp;System Preferences >&nbsp;Keyboard >&nbsp;Keyboard Shortcuts >&nbsp;Full Keyboard Access >&nbsp;All Controls</code><br/> Alternatively use {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F7}} to toggle this setting.</ref>

<ref name="highlight_macOS_sacredkeybindings"><span style="background: #f9f9e9;">Highlighted shortcuts</span> are from the list of [[Keyboard shortcut#Reserved_Keyboard_Shortcuts|"sacred" keybindings]].</ref>

<ref name="macOS_returnkeyname">On Mac OS, OS X, and macOS, the key commonly called {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}} is properly called {{#invoke:key|press|↩ Return}}, while {{#invoke:key|press|⌅ Enter}} is a separate key normally located on the [[numeric keypad]] or invoked as {{#invoke:key|press|Opt|↩ Return}} (mainly on keyboards without a numeric keypad).</ref>

<ref name="CustomKeyBindings">A full list of all default Cocoa textview key bindings can be dumped by executing this command in Terminal.app: <code>plutil -p /System/&#8203;Library/&#8203;Frameworks/&#8203;AppKit.framework/&#8203;Resources/&#8203;StandardKeyBinding.dict</code></ref>

}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="HT2490">{{cite web
 | title = Mac 101: Set your preferences
 | work = Article: HT2490
 | publisher = Apple Inc.
 | url = http://support.apple.com/kb/HT2490#l4
 | access-date = 2010-11-03}}</ref>

<ref name="windows-lock">{{cite web
 |last=Singh
 |first=Swapnil
 |url=http://tricktactoe.com/offbeats/10-cool-windows-shortcuts-you-need-to-know/
 |title=10 Cool Windows Shortcuts You Need to Know
 |publisher=Tricktactoe.com
 |date=2012-02-08
 |access-date=2012-09-20
 |archive-date=2021-04-14
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414072423/http://tricktactoe.com/offbeats/10-cool-windows-shortcuts-you-need-to-know/
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>

<ref name="mac-lock">{{cite web
 |last=Tate
 |first=Jody
 |url=https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/300046
 |title=High Sierra 10.13 : Keychain Access Menubar Item Missing?
 |publisher=StackExchange.com
 |date=2017-09-27
 |access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref>

<ref name="gnome-shortcuts-set">{{cite web
 | url = https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/keyboard-shortcuts-set.html
 | title = Set keyboard shortcuts
 | website = GNOME Help
 | publisher = The GNOME Project
 | access-date = 2023-06-28}}</ref>

<ref name="HT201236">{{cite web
 | title = Mac keyboard shortcuts
 | work = Article: HT201236
 | publisher = Apple Inc.
 | url = http://support.apple.com/HT201236
 | access-date = 2020-01-02}}</ref>

<ref name="HT201361">{{cite web
 | title = How to take a screenshot on your Mac
 | work = Article: HT201361
 | publisher = Apple Inc.
 | url = http://support.apple.com/HT201361
 | access-date = 2020-01-02}}</ref>

<ref name="gnome-screenshots">{{cite web
 |title       = Taking Screenshots
 |url         = http://library.gnome.org/users/user-guide/2.32/tools-screenshot.html.en
 |work        = User Guide 2.32
 |publisher   = The GNOME Project
 |access-date  = 24 March 2012
 |url-status  = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120609050558/http://library.gnome.org/users/user-guide/2.32/tools-screenshot.html.en
 |archive-date = 9 June 2012
}}</ref>

<ref name="The GNOME Project">{{cite web
 |title=Screencast Recording
 |url=https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/CheatSheet#screencast-recording
 |work=GNOME Cheat Sheet
 |publisher=The GNOME Project
 |access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Screen Shot Record">{{cite web
 |title=Screen Shot Record
 |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/screen-shot-record.html.en
 |work=GNOME Help Guide
 |publisher=The GNOME Project
 |access-date=24 March 2012
 |archive-date=6 April 2012
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406045920/http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/screen-shot-record.html.en
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>

<ref name="KDE HIG">{{cite web
 |url=https://techbase.kde.org/Projects/Usability/HIG/Keyboard_Shortcuts
 |title=HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts
 |work=KDE Techbase
 |publisher=[[KDE]]
 |access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref>

<ref name="Appendix A — Keyboard Shortcuts">{{cite web
 |title=Appendix A&nbsp;— Keyboard Shortcuts
 |url=http://wiki.documentfoundation.org/images/0/00/0115GS3-KeyboardShortcuts.odt
 |work=Libre Office Documentation
 |publisher=The Document Foundation
 |access-date=26 April 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="linuxmint">{{cite web
 |author=Linux Mint Community
 |url=https://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/332
 |title=OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice keyboard shortcuts
 |publisher=Community.LinuxMint.com
 |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref>

<ref name="mozilla">{{cite web
 |url=https://support.mozilla.org/kb/keyboard-shortcuts-perform-firefox-tasks-quickly
 |title=Keyboard shortcuts&nbsp;— Firefox Help
 |publisher=Support.mozilla.org
 |access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref>

<ref name="opera">{{cite web
 |url=https://help.opera.com/en/latest/shortcuts/
 |title=Keyboard shortcuts&nbsp;— Opera Help
 |publisher=Help.opera.com
 |access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref>

<ref name="google">{{cite web
 |url=https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/157179
 |title=Keyboard shortcuts&nbsp;— Google Chrome Help
 |publisher=Google Inc.
 |access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref>

<ref name="gnome 1">{{cite web
 |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/epiphany/stable/shortcuts.html.en#keyboard-shortcuts
 |title=Shortcuts
 |publisher=Library.gnome.org
 |access-date=2012-09-20
 |archive-date=2013-01-28
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128035511/http://library.gnome.org/users/epiphany/stable/shortcuts.html.en#keyboard-shortcuts
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>

<ref name="docs.info.apple.com">{{cite web
 |url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?path=Mac/10.6/en/9045.html
 |title=Mac OS X 10.6 Help: Using a screen saver
 |publisher=Docs.info.apple.com
 |access-date=2011-01-03
 |archive-date=2012-05-31
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531094109/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?path=Mac%2F10.6%2Fen%2F9045.html
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>

<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web
 |url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?path=Mac/10.4/en/mh2194.html
 |title=Mac OS X 10.4 Help: Setting a hot corner for Dashboard
 |publisher=Docs.info.apple.com
 |access-date=2011-01-03}}</ref>

<ref name="AutoVJ-1">{{cite web
 |title=Click and Move Mouse Pointer Using the Keypad
 |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/mouse-mousekeys.html.en
 |work=GNOME Library
 |publisher=GNOME Foundation
 |access-date=8 May 2012
 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="Sticky Keys">{{cite web
 |title=Turn on Sticky Keys
 |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/a11y-stickykeys.html.en
 |work=GNOME Library
 |publisher=GNOME Foundation
 |access-date=8 May 2012
 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="Slow Keys">{{cite web
 |title=Turn On Slow Keys
 |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/a11y-slowkeys.html.en
 |work=GNOME Library
 |publisher=GNOME Foundation
 |access-date=8 May 2012
 |archive-date=8 September 2012
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908235011/http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/a11y-slowkeys.html.en
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>

<ref name="Repeated Key Presses">{{cite web
 |title=Turn Off Repeated Key Presses
 |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/keyboard-repeat-keys.html.en
 |work=GNOME Library
 |publisher=GNOME Foundation
 |access-date=8 May 2012
 |archive-date=8 September 2012
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908235626/http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/keyboard-repeat-keys.html.en
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bounce Keys">{{cite web
 |title=Turn On Bounce Keys
 |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/a11y-bounacekeys.html.en
 |work=GNOME Library
 |publisher=GNOME Foundation
 |access-date=8 May 2012
 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="macOS Mojave Screenshot">{{cite web
 |title=What's New in macOS Mojave - Screenshots
 |url=https://help.apple.com/macOS/mojave/whats-new/#screenshots
 |publisher=Apple
 |access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
{{div col|colwidth=22em|content=
* macOS
** [https://support.apple.com/HT201236 Mac keyboard shortcuts]
** [https://support.apple.com/guide/safari/cpsh003/mac Keyboard shortcuts in Safari for Mac]
* Windows
** [https://support.microsoft.com/help/12445/windows-keyboard-shortcuts Keyboard shortcuts in Windows]
* ChromeOS
** [https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/183101 Chromebook keyboard shortcuts]
* [[Linux]] ([[GNOME]])
** [http://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/shell-keyboard-shortcuts.html.en Useful Keyboard Shortcuts]
** [http://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/keyboard-nav.html.en Keyboard Navigation]
** [http://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/keyboard.html.en Set Keyboard Shortcuts]
** [http://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/a11y.html.en Universal Access]
** [http://help.gnome.org/users/accessx-status/stable/accessx-applet-introduction.html.en Usage]{{dead|date=February 2025}}
** [http://developer.gnome.org/hig-book/3.0/input-keyboard.html.en Keyboard Interaction]{{dead|date=February 2025}}
** [http://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/unstable/* help.gnome.org for the latest documentation of unstable]{{dead|date=February 2025}}
* Linux ([[KDE]])
** [https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/khelpcenter/fundamentals/kbd.html KDE Fundamentals: Common Keyboard Shortcuts]
** [https://community.kde.org/KDE_Visual_Design_Group/HIG/Keyboard_Shortcuts KDE Community Wiki: KDE Visual Design Group/HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts]
* [[Office Suite]]s
** [[Apache OpenOffice]] or [[LibreOffice]]
*** [https://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/332 OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice keyboard shortcuts] from LinuxMint community
* [[Web Browser]]s
** [[Google Chrome|Chrome]] or [[Chromium browser|Chromium]]: [https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/157179 Google Chrome keyboard shortcuts]
** [[Firefox]]: [https://support.mozilla.org/kb/keyboard-shortcuts-perform-firefox-tasks-quickly Firefox browser keyboard shortcuts]
** [[Opera browser|Opera]]: [https://help.opera.com/en/latest/shortcuts/ Opera browser keyboard shortcuts]
}}

[[Category:User interface techniques]]