View source for Sphenomorphus

{{Short description|Genus of lizards}}
{{About|a genus vernacularly known as common skinks |the common skink from New Zealand|Oligosoma polychroma}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ''Sphenomorphus''
| image = Hinulia nigrolabris.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Sphenomorphus nigrolabris]]''
| taxon = Sphenomorphus
| authority = [[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger]], 1843
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = Presently 113, but see [[#Provisional species list|text]]
| synonyms =
*''Hinulia'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1845</small>
*''Spenopmorphus'' [sic] (''[[lapsus]]'')
}}

The [[genus]] '''''Sphenomorphus''''' &ndash; vernacularly also known as the '''common skinks''' &ndash; currently serves as a "[[wastebin taxon]]" for numerous [[skink]]s. While most or all [[species]] presently placed here are probably rather close relatives, the genus as presently delimited is likely not to be [[monophyletic]] and needs review.<ref>Greer et al. (2006).</ref> Some species in this genus have been moved to ''[[Pinoyscincus]]''.

The namesake of the ''Sphenomorphus'' group of [[Lygosominae]] [[Genus|genera]], most species would probably occupy a rather [[basal (biology)|basal]] position therein.<ref>Austin & Arnold (2006).</ref>

==Species==
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus acutus]]'' {{small|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1864)}} – pointed-headed sphenomorphus
*''[[Sphenomorphus aignanus]]'' {{small|([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1898)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus alfredi]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1898)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus annamiticus]]'' {{small|([[Oskar Boettger|Boettger]], 1901)}} – Perak forest skink, starry forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus annectens]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1897)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus anomalopus]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1890)}} – long-toed forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus anotus]]'' {{small|[[:fr:Allen Eddy Greer|Greer]], 1973}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus apalpebratus]]'' {{small|[[species:Aniruddha Datta-Roy|Datta-Roy]], [[:fr:Indraneil Das|Das]], [[:fr:Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer]], [[species:Ronald Kupar Lyngdoh Tron|Lyngdoh-Tron]] & [[species:K. Praveen Karanth|Karanth]], 2013}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus bacboensis]]'' {{small|([[species:Valery Konstantinovich Yeriomtschenko|Eremchenko]], 2003)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus bignelli]]'' {{small|[[Karl Patterson Schmidt|Schmidt]], 1932}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus brunneus]]'' {{small|Greer & [[species:Frederick Stanley Parker|F. Parker]], 1974}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus buenloicus]]'' {{small|[[Ilya Darevsky|Darevsky]] & [[species:Van Sang Nguyen|V.S. Nguyen]], 1983}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus buettikoferi]]'' {{small|([[Theodorus Willem van Lidth de Jeude|Lidth de Jeude]], 1905)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus cameronicus]]'' {{small|[[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1924}} – Cameron Highlands forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus capitolythos]]'' {{small|[[species:Glenn Michael Shea|Shea]] & [[species:J. Pieter Michels|Michels]], 2008}}<!-- ZoolMedLeiden82:737. -->
*''[[Sphenomorphus celebensis]]'' {{small|([[Fritz Müller|F. Müller]], 1894)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus cinereus]]'' {{small|Greer & F. Parker, 1974}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus concinnatus]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1887)}}<!-- ZoolMedLeiden82:737. --> – elegant forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus consobrinus]]'' {{small|(W. Peters & [[Giacomo Doria|Doria]], 1878)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus cophias]]'' {{small|Boulenger, 1908}} – Tahan Mountain forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus courcyanus]]'' {{small|([[Nelson Annandale|Annandale]], 1912)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus cranei]]'' {{small|Schmidt, 1932}} – Crane’s skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus crassus]]'' {{small|[[Robert F. Inger|Inger]], [[species:Fui-Lian Tan|Lian]], [[species:Maklarin Lakim|Lakim]] & [[species:Paul Yambun Imbun|Yambun]], 2001}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus cryptotis]]'' {{small|Darevsky, [[species:Nikolai Liutsianovich Orlov|Orlov]] & [[species:Cuc Thu Ho|Cuc]], 2004}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus]]'' {{small|Inger & [[species:William Hosmer|Hosmer]], 1965}} – blue-headed forest skink 
*''[[Sphenomorphus darlingtoni]]'' {{small|([[Arthur Loveridge|Loveridge]], 1945)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus dekkerae]]'' {{small|Shea, 2017}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus derooyae]]'' {{small|([[species:Jan Komelis de Jong|De Jong]], 1927)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus diwata]]'' {{small|[[:fr:Walter Creighton Brown|W. Brown]] & [[Dioscoro Rabor|Rabor]], 1967}} – diwata sphenomorphus
*''[[Sphenomorphus dussumieri]]'' {{small|([[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]] & [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]], 1839)}} – [[Jean-Jacques Dussumier|Dussumier's]] forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus fasciatus]]'' {{small|([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1845)}} – banded sphenomorphus
*''[[Sphenomorphus forbesi]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1888)}} – slender litter skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus fragilis]]'' {{small|([[William John Macleay|Macleay]], 1877)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus fragosus]]'' {{small|Greer & F. Parker, 1967}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus fuscolineatus]]'' {{small|Greer & Shea, 2004}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus grandisonae]]'' {{small|[[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor]], 1962}} – Grandison’s forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus granulatus]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1903)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus haasi]]'' {{small|Inger & Hosmer, 1965}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus helenae]]'' {{small|[[Doris Mable Cochran|Cochran]], 1927}} – Notaburi forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus incognitus]]'' {{small|([[Joseph Cheesman Thompson|Thompson]], 1912)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus indicus]]'' {{small|(Gray, 1853)}} – Indian forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus jobiensis]]'' {{small|([[Adolf Bernhard Meyer|A. Meyer]], 1874)}}<!-- ZoolMedLeiden82:737. -->
*''[[Sphenomorphus kinabaluensis]]'' {{small|([[Edward Bartlett|Bartlett]], 1895)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus latifasciatus]]'' {{small|(A. Meyer, 1874)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus leptofasciatus]]'' {{small|Greer & F. Parker, 1974}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus lineopunctulatus]]'' {{small|Taylor, 1962}} – line-spotted forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus longicaudatus]]'' {{small|([[Nelly de Rooij|de Rooij]], 1915)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus loriae]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1897)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus louisiadensis]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1903)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus maculatus]]'' {{small|([[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1853)}} – spotted forest skink, maculated forest skink, stream-side skink  
*''[[Sphenomorphus maculicollus]]'' {{small|[[species:James P. Bacon|Bacon]], 1967}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus maindroni]]'' {{small|([[Henri Émile Sauvage|Sauvage]], 1879)}}<!-- ZoolMedLeiden82:737. -->
*''[[Sphenomorphus malaisei]]'' {{small|([[Hialmar Rendahl|Rendahl]], 1937)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus malayanus]]'' {{small|(Doria, 1888)}} – Malayan forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus melanopogon]]'' {{small|(A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1839)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus meyeri]]'' {{small|(Doria, 1874)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus microtympanum]]'' {{small|Greer, 1973}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus mimicus]]'' {{small|Taylor, 1962}} – dwarf forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus mimikanus]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1914)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus minutus]]'' {{small|(A. Meyer, 1874)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus modiglianii]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1894)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus muelleri]]'' {{small|([[Hermann Schlegel|Schlegel]], 1837)}} – forest skink,<ref>[[species:Bo Beolens|Beolens, Bo]]; [[species:Michael Watkins|Watkins, Michael]]; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Sphenomorphus muelleri'', p. 184).</ref> ''Müllers Kielskink'' <ref>{{EMBL species|genus=Sphenomorphus|species=muelleri}}. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
*''[[Sphenomorphus multisquamatus]]'' {{small|Inger, 1958}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus murudensis]]'' {{small|[[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1925}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus necopinatus]]'' {{small|([[Leo Brongersma|Brongersma]], 1942)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus neuhaussi]]'' {{small|[[species:Theodor Vogt|T. Vogt]], 1911}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus nigriventris]]'' {{small|(De Rooij, 1915)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus nigrolabris]]'' {{small|(Günther, 1873)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus nigrolineatus]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1897)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus oligolepis]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1914)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus orientalis]]'' {{small|([[Benjamin Shreve|Shreve]], 1940)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus papuae]]'' {{small|([[James Roy Kinghorn|Kinghorn]], 1928)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus phuquocensis]]'' {{small|[[species:Larry Lee Grismer|Grismer]], [[species:Roman Alekseevich Nazarov|Nazarov]], [[species:Vladimir Vladimirovich Bobrov|Bobrov]] & [[species:Nikolay Andreevich Poyarkov Jr.|Poyarkov]], 2020}} – Phu Quoc Island forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus praesignis]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1900)}} – blotched forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus pratti]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1903)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus preylangensis]]'' {{small|Grismer, [[species:Perry L. Wood Jr.|Wood]], [[species:Evan S.H. Quah|Quah]], [[species:Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah|Anuar]], Poyarkov, [[species:Thy Neang|Thy]], Orlov, [[species:Panupong Thammachoti|Thammachoti]] & [[species:Hun Seiha|Seiha]], 2019}} – Prey Lang forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus puncticentralis]]'' {{small|[[Djoko Iskandar|Iskandar]], 1994}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus rarus]]'' {{small|[[:fr:Charles William Myers|C. Myers]] & [[Maureen A. Donnelly|Donnelly]], 1991}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus rufus]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1887)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus sabanus]]'' {{small|Inger, 1958}} – Sabah slender skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus sanana]]'' {{small|([[Felix Kopstein|Kopstein]], 1926)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus sanctus]]'' {{small|(A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1839)}} – Java forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus sarasinorum]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1897)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus schlegeli]]'' {{small|[[Emmett Reid Dunn|Dunn]], 1927}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus schultzei]]'' {{small|(T. Vogt, 1911)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus scotophilus]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1900)}} – Selangor forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus scutatus]]'' {{small|(W. Peters, 1867)}} – Palau ground skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus senja]]'' {{small|Grismer & Quah, 2015}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus sheai]]'' {{small|[[species:Truong Quang Nguyen|T.Q. Nguyen]], [[species:Khoi Vu Nguyen|K. Nguyen]], [[species:Robert Wayne Van Devender|Van Devender]], [[species:Michael Bonkowski|Bonkowski]] & [[:fr:Thomas Ziegler|Ziegler]], 2013}} – Shea's forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus shelfordi]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1900)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus simus]]'' {{small|(Sauvage, 1879)}} – common forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus solomonis]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1887)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus stellatus]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1900)}} – Perak forest skink, starry forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus striolatus]]'' {{small|([[Max Carl Wilhelm Weber|Weber]], 1890)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus sungaicolus]]'' {{small|Sumarli, Grismer, Wood, [[species:Amirrudin B. Ahmad|A. Ahmad]], [[species:Syed Ahmad Rizal|Rizal]], [[species:Lukman H. Ismail|Ismail]], [[species:Nur Amalina Mohd Izam|Izam]], [[species:Norhayati Ahmad|N. Ahmad]] & [[species:Charles W. Linkem|Linkem]], 2016}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus taiwanensis]]'' {{small|[[species:Shyh-Hwang Chen|Chen]] & [[species:Kuang-Yang Lue|Lue]], 1987}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus tanahtinggi]]'' {{small|Inger, Lian, Lakim & Yambun, 2001}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus tanneri]]'' {{small|Greer & F. Parker, 1967}} – Tanner’s skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus taylori]]'' {{small|[[species:Charles Earle Burt|Burt]], 1930}} – Taylor’s Solomon skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus tenuiculus]]'' {{small|([[François Mocquard|Mocquard]], 1890)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus tersus]]'' {{small|(M.A. Smith, 1916)}} – Nakhon Si-Thammarat forest skink, Thai forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus tetradactylus]]'' {{small|(Darevsky & Orlov, 2005)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus tonkinensis]]'' {{small|T.Q. Nguyen, [[:fr:Andreas Schmitz|Schmitz]], [[species:Tao Thien Nguyen|T.T. Nguyen]], Orlov, [[:de:Wolfgang Böhme (Zoologe)|Böhme]] & Ziegler, 2011}} –  Tonkin forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus transversus]]'' {{small|Greer & F. Parker, 1971}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus tridigitus]]'' {{small|([[René Léon Bourret|Bourret]], 1939)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus tritaeniatus]]'' {{small|(Bourret, 1937)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus tropidonotus]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1897)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus undulatus]]'' {{small|(W. Peters & Doria, 1878)}} – wavy-backed forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus vanheurni]]'' {{small|(Brongersma, 1942)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus variegatus]]'' {{small|(W. Peters, 1867)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus wau]]'' {{small|Shea & Allison, 2021}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus wollastoni]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1914)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus woodfordi]]'' {{small|(Boulenger, 1887)}}
*''[[Sphenomorphus yersini]]'' {{small|[[species:Sang Ngoc Nguyen|S. Nguyen]], [[species:Luan Than Nguyen|L. Nguyen]], [[species:Vu Dang Hoang Nguyen|V.D.H. Nguyen]], Orlov & [[species:Robert Ward Murphy|Murphy]], 2018}} – Yersin’s forest skink
*''[[Sphenomorphus zimmeri]]'' {{small|([[Ernst Ahl|Ahl]], 1933)}}
{{div col end}}

''"Hinulia" elegans'', described by [[John Edward Gray|Gray]] in 1838, is unidentified, but may be ''Eulamprus tenuis'',<ref>Shea & Michels (2008).</ref>  which is also known as ''[[Concinnia tenuis]]'' <small>(Gray, 1831)</small>.

==Geographic range==
Species of ''Sphenomorphus'' are found mainly in [[Southeast Asia]] but have also been found in [[India]] and northwards to [[China]].{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*[[Leopold Fitzinger|Fitzinger L]] (1843). ''Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae.'' Vienna: Braumüller & Seidel. 106 pp. + indices. (''Sphenomorphus'', new genus, p.&nbsp;23). (in Latin).

==External links==
*{{smallcaps|[[species:Jeremy Austin|Austin JJ]], [[Edwin Nicholas Arnold|Arnold EN]]}} (2006). "Using ancient and recent DNA to explore relationships of extinct and endangered ''Leiolopisma'' skinks (Reptilia: Scincidae) in the Mascarene islands". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''39''' (2): 503–511. <small>{{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2005.12.011}}</small> (HTML abstract)
*{{smallcaps|[[:fr:Allen Eddy Greer|Greer, Allen E.]]; [[species:Patrick David|David, Patrick]]; [[species:Alexandre Teynié|Teynié, Alexandre]]}} (2006). "The Southeast Asian scincid lizard ''Siaphos tridigitus'' Bourret, 1939 (Reptilia, Scincidae): a second specimen". ''Zoosystema'' '''28''' (3): 785-790. [http://www.mnhn.fr/museum/front/medias/publication/8650_z06n3a13.pdf PDF fulltext]
*{{smallcaps|[[species:Glenn Michael Shea|Shea GM]], [[species:J. Pieter Michels|Michels JP]]}} (2008). "A replacement name for ''Sphenomorphus keiensis'' (Kopstein, 1926) from the southeastern Moluccas, Indonesia (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) with a redescription of the species". ''[[Zoologische Mededelingen]] Leiden'' '''82''' (52): 737-747. [http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?idno=m8203a52;c=zoomed PDF]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1758486}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Sphenomorphus| ]]
[[Category:Lizard genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger]]