View source for Nonane

{{Distinguish|nonene|nonyne}}
{{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 470622939
| ImageFile = Nonane-2D-Skeletal.svg
| ImageClass = skin-invert-image
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSize = 245
| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of nonane
| ImageFile1 = Nonane.png
| ImageClass1 = skin-invert-image
| ImageFile1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSize1 = 245
| ImageAlt1 = Skeletal formula of nonane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
| ImageFile2 = Nonane 3D ball.png
| ImageClass2 = skin-invert-image
| ImageFile2_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSize2 = 245
| ImageAlt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the nonane molecule
| PIN = Nonane<ref>{{Cite web|title=nonane - Compound Summary|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8141|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=6 January 2012|location=USA|date=16 September 2004|at=Identification and Related Records}}</ref>
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 111-84-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = T9W3VH6G10
| PubChem = 8141
| ChemSpiderID = 7849
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| EINECS = 203-913-4
| UNNumber = 1920
| MeSHName = nonane
| ChEBI = 32892
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 335900
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| RTECS = RA6115000
| Beilstein = 1696917
| Gmelin = 240576
| SMILES = CCCCCCCCC
| StdInChI = 1S/C9H20/c1-3-5-7-9-8-6-4-2/h3-9H2,1-2H3
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C = 9
| H = 20
| Appearance = Colorless liquid
| Odor = Gasoline-like
| Density = 0.718 g/mL
| MeltingPtK = 219.0 to 220.0
| BoilingPtK = 423.5 to 424.1
| LogP = 5.293
| VaporPressure = 0.59 kPa (at 25.0&nbsp;°C)
| HenryConstant = 1.7 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>
| RefractIndex = 1.405
| MagSus = −108.13·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −275.7 – −273.7 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| DeltaHc = −6125.75 – −6124.67 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Entropy = 393.67 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
| HeatCapacity = 284.34 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}} {{GHS exclamation mark}} {{GHS health hazard}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER'''
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|226|304|315|319|332|336}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|301+310|305+351+338|331}}
| NFPA-H = 0
| NFPA-F = 3
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-S = 
| FlashPtC = 31.0
| AutoignitionPtC = 205.0
| ExploLimits = 0.87–2.9%
| IDLH = N.D.<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0466}}</ref>
| REL = TWA 200 ppm (1050 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/>
| PEL = none<ref name=PGCH/> 
}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ehs.neu.edu/laboratory_safety/general_information/nfpa_hazard_rating/documents/NFPAratingJR.htm |title=NFPA Hazard Rating Information for Common Chemicals |access-date=2015-03-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217114741/http://www.ehs.neu.edu/laboratory_safety/general_information/nfpa_hazard_rating/documents/NFPAratingJR.htm |archive-date=2015-02-17 }}</ref>
|Section5={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = alkanes
| OtherFunction = {{Unbulleted list|[[Octane]]|[[Decane]]}}
}}
}}
'''Nonane''' is a linear [[alkane]] [[hydrocarbon]] with the [[chemical formula]] C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>20</sub>. It is a colorless, flammable liquid, occurring primarily in the component of the [[Petrochemical|petroleum distillate fraction]] commonly called [[kerosene]], which is used as a heating, [[tractor]], and [[jet fuel]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name|url = http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ny-Pi/Petroleum.html|website = www.chemistryexplained.com|access-date = 2016-01-28}}</ref> Nonane is also used as a [[solvent]], distillation chaser, [[fuel additive]], and a component in [[Biodegradation|biodegradable]] [[Detergent|detergents]].<ref>Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Nonane; Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2005; 2000/15OSH/155. http://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/0015osh155.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228161532/https://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/0015osh155.pdf |date=2018-02-28 }}</ref> It is also a minor component of [[diesel fuel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simmons |first=Mark |date=2017-07-24 |title=Kerosene and Diesel Fuel Analysis By GCMS |url=https://www.smsanalytical.com/blog/kerosene-analysis-gcms |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=sms analytical |language=en-GB}}</ref> 

Nonane has 35 [[structural isomer]]s.  

Its [[substituent]] form is '''nonyl'''. Its [[cycloalkane]] counterpart is [[cyclononane]], (C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>18</sub>).

Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is from [[Latin]], not [[Greek language|Greek]]. (A name using a Greek prefix would be  '''enneane'''.)

==Combustion reactions==
Nonane undergoes [[combustion]] reactions that are similar to other [[alkanes]]. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, nonane burns to form [[water]] and [[carbon dioxide]].

:[[Carbon|C]]<sub>9</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>20</sub> + 14[[Oxygen|O<sub>2</sub>]] → 9[[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]] + 10[[Water|H<sub>2</sub>O]]

When insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion, the burning products include [[carbon monoxide]].

:2C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>20</sub> + 19O<sub>2</sub> → 18[[Carbon monoxide|CO]] + 20H<sub>2</sub>O
:

==See also==
*[[Higher alkanes]]
*[[List of isomers of nonane]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{PGCH|0466}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041208205355/http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/NO/nonane.html MSDS at Oxford University]
*[http://www.3rd1000.com/chem301/nonane.htm List of isomers of nonane]

{{Alkanes}}
{{Hydrides by group}}

[[Category:Alkanes]]