View source for Murid

{{Short description|Aspirant practitioner of Sufism}}
{{redirect|Murids|the family of rodents|Muridae}}
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{{Sufism}}

In [[Sufism]], a '''{{transliteration|ar|murīd}}''' (Arabic {{lang|ar|مُرِيد}} {{gloss|one who seeks}}) is a [[novice]] committed to spiritual enlightenment by {{transliteration|ar|sulūk}} (traversing a path) under a spiritual guide, who may take the title {{transliteration|ar|[[murshid]]}}, {{transliteration|fa|[[Pir (Sufism)|pir]]}} or {{transliteration|ar|[[shaykh]]}}. A {{transliteration|ar|[[sālik]]}} or Sufi follower only becomes a {{transliteration|ar|murīd}} when he makes a pledge ({{transliteration|ar|[[bayʿah]]}}) to a {{transliteration|ar|murshid}}. The equivalent [[Persian language|Persian]] term is {{transliteration|fa|shāgird}}.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |entry=Murīd |encyclopedia=The Encyclopaedia of Islam |volume=7 |publisher=Brill |year=1993 |pages=608–609}}</ref>

The [[initiation]] process of a {{transliteration|ar|murīd}} is known as {{transliteration|ar|ʿahd}} ({{langx|ar|عَهْد}}) or {{transliteration|ar|bai'ath}}. Before initiation, a {{transliteration|ar|murīd}} is instructed by his guide, who must first accept the initiate as his [[Apprenticeship|disciple]]. Throughout the instruction period, the {{transliteration|ar|murīd}} typically experiences [[Warid (Sufism)|waridates]] like visions and dreams during personal spiritual [[Wird (Sufism)|awrads]] and exercises. These visions are interpreted by the {{transliteration|ar|[[murshid]]}}. A common practice among the early Sufi orders was to grant a {{transliteration|ar|[[khirqa]]}} or a robe to the {{transliteration|ar|murīd}} upon the initiation or after he had progressed through a series of increasingly difficult and significant tasks on the path of mystical development until attaining {{transliteration|ar|[[Wasil (Sufism)|wāṣil]]}} stage.

This practice is not very common now. Murīds often receive books of instruction from {{transliteration|ar|murshids}} and often accompany itinerant {{transliteration|ar|murshids}} on their wanderings.<ref>{{cite book |first=John |last=Esposito |author-link=John Esposito |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003}}</ref> A fundamental practice involves teaching the '''mûrîd''' (Arabic: موريد "the disciple") an array of seven "names". 
#The first one consists in repeating lâ ilâha ilal 'llâhu (Arabic: لا إله إلا الله "there is no god except God") between 12,000 and 70,000 times in a day and night. If the [[Murshid|mûršîd]] (Arabic: مُرشِد "the spiritual guide") is satisfied with the mûrîd's progress, then the mûrîd is allowed to continue with the six remaining names: 
#[[Allah|Allâh]] (Arabic: الله "God") three times; 
#[[huwa]] (Arabic: هو "He is"), 
#[[ḥaqq]] (Arabic: الحق "The Absolute Truth") three times; 
#[[Names of God in Islam|ḥayy]] (Arabic: الحى "The Ever- Living) three times;
# [[Names of God in Islam|qayyûm]] (Arabic: القيوم "The Sustainer, The Self Subsisting") three times;
# [[Names of God in Islam|qahhâr]] (Arabic: القهار "The Ever-Dominating").<ref name=":3">{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Margoliouth|title=Raḥmāniyya|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=Second}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Murīdūn]], Andalusī movement that revolted against Almoravid authority in 1144
*[[Murid War]], war between Russia and a Caucasian Naqshbandi movement in the 19th century
*[[Mouride brotherhood]], a prominent Sufi ''tariqa'' in West Africa, founded in 1883
* [[Talibe]]
* [[Salik]]
* [[Wasil (Sufism)|Wasil]]
* [[Majzoob (Sufism)|Majzoob]]
* [[Muqarrab (Sufism)|Muqarrab]]
* {{interlanguage link|Ma'rifa|ar|عارف (تصوف)|lt=Arif}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Qualities of a Successful Mureed |url=http://www.zikr.co.uk/content/view/22/59/ |website=Zikr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205065051/http://www.zikr.co.uk/content/view/22/59/ |archive-date=5 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web |title=Online Murid Library / Bibliothèque Mouride |url=http://www.daaraykamil.com/ |website=Daaraykamil.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024082611/http://www.daaraykamil.com/ |archive-date=24 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}
* [http://www.sufilive.com Sufi Live]
* [https://www.worldsufimedia.com/ World Sufi Media]

{{Sufi}}
{{Sufism terminology}}
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[[Category:Arabic words and phrases]]
[[Category:Sufism]]


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