View source for Menteri Besar of Perak

{{Infobox official post
|post                    = Menteri Besar
|body                    = Perak
|native_name             = 
|insignia                = Coat of arms of Perak.svg
|insigniasize            =
|insigniacaption         = 
|image                   = Saarani Mohamad.2020.jpg
|imagesize               = 
|incumbent               = [[Saarani Mohamad]]
|incumbentsince          =  10 December 2020
|department              = [[Perak#Politics|Government of Perak]]
|style                   = [[Malay titles|Yang Amat Berhormat]] (The Most Honourable)
|member_of               = [[Perak State Executive Council]]
|reports_to              = [[Perak State Legislative Assembly]]
|residence               = Jalan Raja Dihilir, Ipoh, Perak
|seat                    = Aras 2, Bangunan Perak Darul Ridzuan, Jalan Panglima Bukit Gantang Wahab, 30000 Ipoh, Perak
|nominator               = 
|appointer               = [[Nazrin Shah of Perak|Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah]]
|appointer_qualified     = [[Sultan of Perak]]
|termlength              = 5 years or lesser, renewable once (while commanding the [[confidence and supply|confidence]] of the [[Perak State Legislative Assembly]]<br />With State Elections held no more than five years apart)
|constituting_instrument = 
|formation               = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1948|2|1}}
|inaugural               = Abdul Wahab Toh Muda Abdul Aziz
|deputy                  = 
|salary                  = 
|website                 = {{URL|http://www.perak.gov.my}}
}}

The '''Menteri Besar of Perak''' or '''First Minister of Perak''' is the [[head of government]] in the Malaysian state of [[Perak]]. According to convention, the Menteri Besar is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the [[Perak State Legislative Assembly]].

The current holder of <!--current--> Menteri Besar of Perak post is [[Saarani Mohammad]], who has served since 10 December 2020.

==Appointment==
According to the state constitution, the Sultan of Perak shall first appoint the Menteri Besar to preside over the Executive Council and requires such Menteri Besar to be a member of the Legislative Assembly who in his judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Assembly, must be an [[ethnic Malay]] who professes the religion of [[Islam]] and must not a Malaysian citizen by naturalisation or by registration. The Sultan on the Menteri Besar's advice shall appoint not more than ten nor less than four members from among the members of the Legislative Assembly.

The member of the Executive Council must take and subscribe in the presence of the Sultan the oath of office and allegiance as well as the oath of secrecy before they can exercise the functions of office. The Executive Council shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly. The members of the Executive Council shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause [[conflict of interest]].

If a government cannot get its [[appropriation (law)|appropriation]] (budget) legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly, or the Legislative Assembly passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the Menteri Besar is bound by convention to resign immediately. The Sultan's choice of replacement Menteri Besar will be dictated by the circumstances. A member of the Executive Council other than the Menteri Besar shall hold office during the pleasure of the Sultan, unless the appointment of any member of the Executive Council shall have been revoked by the Sultan on the advice of the Menteri Besar but may at any time resign his office.

Following a resignation in other circumstances, defeated in an election or the death of the Menteri Besar, the Sultan will generally appoint as Menteri Besar the person voted by the governing party as their new leader.

==Powers==
The power of the Menteri Besar is subject to a number of limitations. Menteri Besar removed as leader of his or her party, or whose government loses a [[vote of no confidence]] in the Legislative Assembly, must advise a state election or resign the office or be dismissed by the Sultan. The defeat of a [[supply bill]] (one that concerns the spending of money) or unable to pass important policy-related legislation is seen to require the resignation of the government or dissolution of Legislative Assembly, much like a non-confidence vote, since a government that cannot spend money is hamstrung, also called [[loss of supply]].

The Menteri Besar's party will normally have a majority in the Legislative Assembly and party discipline is exceptionally strong in Perak politics, so passage of the government's legislation through the Legislative Assembly is mostly a formality.

==Caretaker Menteri Besar==
The legislative assembly unless sooner dissolved by the Sultan with His Majesty's own discretion on the advice of the Menteri Besar shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting. The state constitution permits a delay of 60 days of general election to be held from the date of dissolution and the legislative assembly shall be summoned to meet on a date not later than 120 days from the date of dissolution. Conventionally, between the dissolution of one legislative assembly and the convening of the next, the Menteri Besar and the executive council remain in office in a [[caretaker government|caretaker]] capacity.

==List of Menteris Besar of Perak==
The following is the list of Menteris Besar of Perak since 1948:<ref>{{cite web|title=Perak |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Malay_states.htm#Perak |publisher=WorldStatesmen.org |access-date=21 April 2011}}</ref>

'''Colour key''' (for political parties):<br />
{{legend2|{{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}|[[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|yellow|NAP|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{party color|Alliance Party (Malaysia)}}|[[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} '''/'''
{{legend2|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}|[[Barisan Nasional]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{party color|Pakatan Rakyat}}|[[Pakatan Rakyat]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|[[Pakatan Harapan]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{party color|Perikatan Nasional}}|[[Perikatan Nasional]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" width="200" | Name<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}<br>{{small|Constituency}}
! colspan="3" | Term of office
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party{{efn|This column names only the Menteri Besar's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; those are not listed here.}}
! rowspan="2" |Election
! rowspan="2" |Assembly
|-
! width="85" | {{small|Took office}}
! width="85" | {{small|Left office}}
! width="85" | {{small|Time in office}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |1
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Perak.svg|97x97px]]
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Panglima Bukit Gantang|Abdul Wahab Toh Muda Abdul Aziz]]'''<br />{{small|(1905–1959)}}
| rowspan="3" |{{small|1 February}}<br>1948
| rowspan="3" |{{small|1 August}}<br>1957
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1948|02|01|1957|08|01|df=y|duration=on}}
| style="background:{{party color|United Malays National Organisation}};" |
|[[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]]
| rowspan="3" |–
| rowspan="3" |–
|-
| style="background:{{party color|None}};" |
|Independent
|-
|style="background:yellow;" |
|[[:ms:Parti_Kebangsaan_Perak|NAP]]
|-
|2
|[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Perak.svg|97x97px]]
|'''Mohamed Ghazali Jawi'''<br />{{small|(1924–1982)<br>MLC for Larut-South Matang}}
|{{small|1 August}}<br>1957
|{{small|16 April}}<br>1959
|{{ayd|1957|08|01|1959|04|16|df=y|duration=on}}
| style="background:{{party color|Alliance Party (Malaysia)}};" |
|[[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]]<br />([[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
|–
|–
|-
| rowspan="2" |3
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Perak.svg|97x97px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''Shaari Shafie'''<br />{{small|(1912–1966)<br>MLA for Senggang}}
| rowspan="2" |{{small|16 April}}<br>1959
| rowspan="2" |{{small|8 May}}<br>1964
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1959|04|16|1964|05|08|df=y|duration=on}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Alliance Party (Malaysia)}};" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]]<br />([[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
|–
|–
|-
|[[1959 Malayan state elections|1959]]
|[[Members of the 1st Perak State Legislative Assembly|1st]]
|-
|4
|[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Perak.svg|97x97px]]
|'''Ahmad Said'''<br />{{small|(1919–1974)<br>MLA for Lenggong}}
|{{small|9 May}}<br>1964
|{{small|17 March}}<br>1969
|{{ayd|1964|05|09|1969|03|17|df=y|duration=on}}
|style="background:{{party color|Alliance Party (Malaysia)}};" |
|[[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]]<br />([[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
|[[1964 Malaysian state elections|1964]]
|[[Members of the 2nd Perak State Legislative Assembly|2nd]]
|-
|5
|[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Perak.svg|97x97px]]
|'''Kamaruddin Mohd. Isa'''<br />{{small|(1929–1990)<br>MLA for Larut}}
|{{small|18 March}}<br>1969
|{{small|4 September}}<br>1974
|{{ayd|1969|03|18|1974|09|04|df=y|duration=on}}
|style="background:{{party color|Alliance Party (Malaysia)}};" |
|[[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]]<br />([[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
|[[1969 Malaysian state elections|1969]]
|[[Members of the 3rd Perak State Legislative Assembly|3rd]]
|-
|6
|[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Perak.svg|97x97px]]
|'''Mohamed Ghazali Jawi'''<br />{{small|(1924–1982)<br>MLA for [[Kenering (state constituency)|Kenering]]}}
|{{small|4 September}}<br>1974
|{{small|2 October}}<br>1977
|{{ayd|1974|09|04|1977|10|02|df=y|duration=on}}
|style="background:{{party color|Barisan Nasional}};" |
|[[Barisan Nasional|BN]]<br />([[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
|[[1974 Malaysian state elections|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Members of the 4th Perak State Legislative Assembly|4th]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |7
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Perak.svg|97x97px]]
| rowspan="3" |{{small|Dato' Seri}}<br>'''[[Wan Mohamed Wan Teh]]'''<br />{{small|(1929–1993)<br>MLA for [[Temengor (state constituency)|Temengor]] (until 1978)<br>MLA for [[Kenering (state constituency)|Kenering]] (from 1978)}}
| rowspan="3" |{{small|3 October}}<br>1977
| rowspan="3" |{{small|1 March}}<br>1983
| rowspan="3" |{{ayd|1977|10|03|1983|03|01|df=y|duration=on}}
| rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Barisan Nasional}};" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Barisan Nasional|BN]]<br />([[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
|–
|-
|[[1978 Malaysian state elections|1978]]
|[[Members of the 5th Perak State Legislative Assembly|5th]]
|-
|[[1982 Malaysian state elections|1982]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Members of the 6th Perak State Legislative Assembly|6th]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |8
| rowspan="4" |[[File:Tansri5.jpg|127x127px]]
| rowspan="4" |{{small|Tan Sri Dato' Seri}}<br>'''[[Ramli Ngah Talib]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1941)<br>MLA for [[Kampong Gajah (state constituency)|Kampong Gajah]]}}
| rowspan="4" |{{small|1 March}}<br>1983
| rowspan="4" |{{small|3 December}}<br>1999
| rowspan="4" |{{ayd|1983|03|01|1999|12|03|df=y|duration=on}}
| rowspan="4" style="background:{{party color|Barisan Nasional}};" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Barisan Nasional|BN]]<br />([[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
|–
|-
|[[1986 Malaysian state elections|1986]]
|[[Members of the 7th Perak State Legislative Assembly|7th]]
|-
|[[1990 Malaysian state elections|1990]]
|[[Members of the 8th Perak State Legislative Assembly|8th]]
|-
|[[1995 Malaysian state elections|1995]]
|[[Members of the 9th Perak State Legislative Assembly|9th]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |9
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Perak.svg|97x97px]]
| rowspan="2" |{{small|Tan Sri Dato' Seri DiRaja}}<br>'''[[Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1946)<br>MLA for [[Kenering (state constituency)|Kenering]] (until 2004)<br>MLA for [[Pengkalan Hulu (state constituency)|Pengkalan Hulu]] (from 2004)}}
| rowspan="2" |{{small|3 December}}<br>1999
| rowspan="2" |{{small|17 March}}<br>2008
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|1999|12|03|2008|03|17|df=y|duration=on}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Barisan Nasional}};" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Barisan Nasional|BN]]<br />([[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
|[[1999 Malaysian state elections|1999]]
|[[Members of the 10th Perak State Legislative Assembly|10th]]
|-
|[[2004 Malaysian state elections|2004]]
|[[Members of the 11th Perak State Legislative Assembly|11th]]
|-
|10
|[[File:Datuk_Seri_Ir_Mohammad_Nizar_Jamaluddin.jpg|120x120px]]
|{{small|Dato' Seri Ir.}}<br>{{nowrap|'''[[Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin]]'''}}<br>{{small|(born 1957)<br>MLA for [[Pasir Panjang (state constituency)|Pasir Panjang]]}}
|{{small|17 March}}<br>2008
|{{small|6 February}}<br>2009
|{{ayd|2008|03|17|2009|02|06|df=y|duration=on}}
|style="background:{{party color|Pakatan Rakyat}};" |
|[[Pakatan Rakyat|PR]]<br />([[Malaysian Islamic Party|PAS]])
|[[2008 Malaysian state elections|2008]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Members of the 12th Perak State Legislative Assembly|12th]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |11
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Zambry_Abdul_Kadir_-_2023_(cropped).jpg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" |{{small|Dato' Seri DiRaja}}<br>'''[[Zambry Abdul Kadir]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1962)<br>MLA for [[Pangkor (state constituency)|Pangkor]]}}
| rowspan="2" |{{small|12 May}}<br>2009
| rowspan="2" |{{small|12 May}}<br>2018
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|2009|05|12|2018|05|12|df=y}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Barisan Nasional}};" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Barisan Nasional|BN]]<br />([[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
|–
|-
|[[2013 Malaysian state elections|2013]]
|[[Members of the 13th Perak State Legislative Assembly|13th]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |12
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Dato'_Seri_Ahmad_Faizal_Dato'_Haji_Azumu.jpg|95x95px]]
| rowspan="2" |{{small|Dato' Seri}}<br>'''[[Ahmad Faizal Azumu]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1970)<br>MLA for [[Chenderiang (state constituency)|Chenderiang]]}}
|{{small|12 May}}<br>2018
|{{small|10 March}}<br>2020
|{{ayd|2018|05|12|2020|03|10|df=y|duration=on}}
|style="background:{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}};" |
|[[Pakatan Harapan|PH]]<br />([[Malaysian United Indigenous Party|BERSATU]])
|[[2018 Perak state election|2018]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Members of the 14th Perak State Legislative Assembly|14th]]
|-
|{{small|13 March}}<br>2020
|{{small|5 December}}<br>2020
|{{ayd|2020|03|13|2020|12|05|df=y|duration=on}}
|style="background:{{party color|Perikatan Nasional}};" |
|[[Perikatan Nasional|PN]]<br />([[Malaysian United Indigenous Party|BERSATU]])
|–
|-
| rowspan="2" |13
| rowspan="2" |[[File: Saarani Mohamad.2020.jpg |107x107px]]
| rowspan="2" |{{small|Dato' Seri}}<br>'''[[Saarani Mohamad]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1962)<br>MLA for [[Kota Tampan (state constituency)|Kota Tampan]]}}
| rowspan="2" |{{small|10 December}}<br>2020
| rowspan="2" |Incumbent
| rowspan="2" |{{ayd|2020|12|10|df=y|duration=on}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Barisan Nasional}};" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Barisan Nasional|BN]]<br />([[United Malays National Organisation|UMNO]])
|–
|-
|[[2022 Perak state election|2022]]
|[[List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2023–present)#Perak|15th]]
|}
{{notelist}}

==Living former Menteris Besar==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Name !! Term of office !! Date of birth
|-
|[[Ramli Ngah Talib]] || 1983–1999 || 16 March 1941 (age {{age|1941|3|16}})
|-
|[[Tajol Rosli Mohd Ghazali]] || 1999–2008 || 6 November 1946 (age {{age|1946|11|6}})
|-
|[[Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin]] || 2008-2009 || 17 March 1957 (age {{age|1957|3|17}})
|-
|[[Zambry Abdul Kadir]] || 2009–2018 || 22 March 1962 (age {{age|1962|3|22}})
|-
|[[Ahmad Faizal Azumu]] || 2018–2020 || 10 June 1970 (age {{age|1970|6|10}})
|}

==See also==
*[[2009 Perak constitutional crisis]]
*''[[Dato' Seri Ir Hj. Mohammad Nizar Bin Jamaluddin v. Dato' Dr. Zambry Bin Abd. Kadir]]''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110504080117/http://mb.perak.gov.my/ Portal YAB Menteri Besar Perak] (Official site) {{in lang|ms}}

{{Perak}}
{{Menteri Besars and Chief Ministers}}

[[Category:Chief ministers of Perak| ]]