View source for Majhi dialect

{{Short description|Dialect of Punjabi}}
{{distinguish|text=the [[Majhi language]] of Nepal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Majhi
| altname          = 
| nativename       = {{Hlist|ਮਾਝੀ|{{nq|ماجھی}}}}
| region           = [[Majha]]
| ethnicity        = [[Punjabis]]
| image            = 
| imagecaption     = 
| states           = [[Pakistan]], [[India]]
| speakers         = 
| date             = 
| ref              = 
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3             = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4             = [[Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages|Northwestern]]
| fam5             = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| script           = [[Shahmukhi alphabet|Shahmukhi]]<br>[[Gurmukhī alphabet|Gurmukhī]]
| iso1             = 
| iso2             = 
| iso3             = 
| isoexception     = dialect
| glotto           = majh1252
}}
[[File:Dialects Of Punjabi.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Dialects of Punjabi]]
'''Majhi''' ([[Shahmukhi]]: {{lang|pnb|{{Nastaliq|ماجھی}}}}; [[Gurmukhi]]: {{lang|pa|ਮਾਝੀ}}; {{IPA|pa|mä˩˥d̆.d͡ʒi|lang}}<ref name="bhardwaj">{{Cite Q|page=88|Q23831241}}</ref>), also known as '''Central Punjabi''', is the most widely-spoken [[Panjabi dialects|dialect]] of the [[Punjabi language]],<ref>{{Cite LSI|9|1|p=609}}</ref> natively spoken in the [[Majha]] region of [[Punjab region|Punjab]] in present-day [[Pakistan]] and [[India]]. 

The native speakers of the dialect are known by the demonym '[[Majhail]]'.

{{Punjabis}}

==Subdialects and geographic distribution==
Below is a list of several of the subdialects of Majhi. Due to limited documentation on specific regions, certain varieties and their respective districts have been omitted.
* Central Majhi, spoken in the [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Lahore District|Lahore]] and [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]] districts.
* Northeastern Majhi, spoken in the [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]], [[Pathankot district|Pathankot]], [[Narowal District|Narowal]] and [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]] districts.
* Northwestern Majhi, spoken in the [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]] and [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]] districts.

Majhi varieties are also spoken natively in the districts of [[Hafizabad District|Hafizabad]], [[Kasur District|Kasur]], [[Mandi Bahauddin District|Mandi Bahauddin]], [[Nankana Sahib District|Nankana Sahib]], [[Tarn Taran district|Tarn Taran]] and [[Wazirabad District|Wazirabad]], as well as parts of the [[Bhimber District|Bhimber district]] of [[Azad Kashmir]] and parts of the [[Jammu district|Jammu]], [[Kathua district|Kathua]] and [[Samba district|Samba]] districts of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].

==General features==

===Personal pronouns===
{{See also|Punjabi grammar#Personal}}

Majhi does not use the second-person oblique pronoun ''tē̃'', and instead uses ''tū̃''.

In urban Majhi, the plural oblique pronouns ''tusā̃'' and ''asā̃'', as well as the ablative pronouns, are sometimes lost.

===Pronominal suffixes===
One of Majhi's most noteworthy features is the usage of pronominal suffixes, which it shares with [[Lahnda|Western Punjabi]].

Pronominal suffixes are auxiliary replacements of the [[Copula (linguistics)|copula]] which act like [[pronouns]]. They function as a particular [[thematic relation|thematic role]] and agree to it in [[Grammatical person|person]] and [[Grammatical number|number]] (as a pronoun would).

The thematic/syntactic roles a pronominal suffix can function as are:
* the [[direct case]] [[Subject (grammar)|subject]]
* the [[ergative case|ergative]] [[Agent (grammar)|agent]]
* the [[possessive determiner]]
* the [[Interlocutor (linguistics)|addressee]]

Majhi uses pronominal suffixes for the second and third persons and for both [[present tense|present]] and [[past tense]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bashir |first=Elena |title=A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki |date=19 August 2019 |publisher=[[De Gruyter Mouton]] |isbn=9781614512257 |page=262 |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Tense
! colspan=2|Present
! colspan=2|Past
|-
!Person
!Singular
!Plural
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!2nd
|''ī''
ਈ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|ای}}}}
|''je''
ਜੇ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|جے}}}}
|''sāī''
ਸਾਈ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|سائی}}}}
|''sāje''
ਸਾਜੇ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|ساجے}}}}
|-
!3rd
|''sū''
ਸੂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|سُو}}}}
|''ne''
ਨੇ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|نے}}}}
|''sāsū''
ਸਾਸੂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|ساسُو}}}}
|''sāne''
ਸਾਨੇ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|سانے}}}}
|}

Examples in [[Perfect (grammar)|perfect]] [[transitive verbs]] (marking the ergative agent):
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="1" |Tense
! colspan="1" |Person
! colspan="1" |Number
! colspan="1" |Majhi
! colspan="1" |Standard Punjabi
! colspan="1" |Translation
|-
! rowspan="4" |present
! rowspan="2" |2nd
! rowspan="1" |''sing.''
| ''kī kītā '''ī'''?''
| '''''tē̃''' kī kītā '''hē'''?''
| What '''hast thou''' done?
|-
!  rowspan="1" |''pl.''
| ''jinnā khādhā '''je'''''
| ''jinnā '''tusā̃''' khādhā '''hē'''''
| As much as '''you have''' eaten
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
! rowspan="1" |''sing.''
| ''mēnū̃ suṇāī '''sū'''''
| '''''os ne''' mēnū̃ suṇāī '''hē'''''
| '''He/She hath''' told me
|-
!  rowspan="1" |''pl.''
| ''pāṇī pītā '''ne'''''
| '''''ehnā̃ ne''' pāṇī pītā '''hē'''''
| '''They have''' drunk water
|-
! rowspan="4" |past
! rowspan="2" |2nd
! rowspan="1" |''sing.''
| ''jēs tarhā̃ ghalliyā̃ '''sāī'''''
| ''jis tarhā̃ '''tē̃''' ghalliyā̃ '''san'''''
| In the way '''thou had''' sent them
|-
!  rowspan="1" |''pl.''
| ''cacer syātā '''sāje'''''
| '''''tusā̃''' cacer syātā '''sī'''''
| '''You had''' recognised cousin
|-
! rowspan="2" |3rd
! rowspan="1" |''sing.''
| ''aṉḍe nū̃ riddhe '''sāsū'''?''
| '''''es ne''' aṉḍe nū̃ riddhe '''san'''?''
| '''Had he/she''' boiled the egg?
|-
!  rowspan="1" |''pl.''
| ''laṛāī kītī '''sāne'''''
| '''''ehnā̃ ne''' laṛāī kītī '''sī'''''
| '''They had''' had a fight
|}

===Copula===
Oftentimes, a pronominal suffix will entirely overtake the regular copula (of the same person and number) in Majhi.

This is most common with the third-person plural ''ne'' (ਨੇ / {{resize|{{nq|نے}}}}) or ''nẽ'' (ਨੇਂ / {{resize|{{nq|نیں}}}}), used instead of ''han''. It has become so widespread that it is now regarded as a fundamental characteristic of Majhi, used to distinguish it from other dialects.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Phrase
!Majhi
!Standard Punjabi
|-
|They sleep
|''oh sōṉde ne''
ਓਹ ਸੌਂਦੇ ਨੇ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوہ سوندے نے}}}}
|''oh sōṉde han''
ਉਹ ਸੌਂਦੇ ਹਨ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوہ سوندے ہن}}}}
|}

'''- Alternate auxiliary verbs'''{{clarify|date=November 2024}}

First person singular ''ā̃'' or ''jē'' (ਆਂ, ਜੇ / {{resize|{{nq|آں، جے}}}}) is used. E.g. ''mẽ karnā '''ʷā̃''' / '''jē''''' (ਮੈਂ ਕਰਨਾ '''ਆਂ''', ਮੈਂ ਕਰਨਾ '''ਜੇ''' / {{resize|{{nq|میں کرنا '''آں'''، میں کرنا '''جے'''}}}})

Third person singular ''ī'' or ''è'' (ਏ, ਵੇ, ਈ / {{resize|{{nq|اے، وے، ای}}}}) is used. E.g. ''ṓ kardā'' '''''ī''''' (ਉਹ ਕਰਦਾ '''ਈ''' / {{resize|{{nq|اوہ کردا ای}}}})

===Other Features===
''hē(gā) sī'' is used instead of ''sīgā''.{{clarify|date=November 2024}}

===Adverbial pronouns===
{{See also|Punjabi grammar#Derivates}}

Majhi uses the ''kiññ'' and ''kivẽ'' classes of adverbial pronouns of manner, which, at their base, are common with [[Lahnda|Western Punjabi dialects]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Adverbial pronoun
!Majhi
![[Malwai dialect|Malwai]]
![[Doabi dialect|Doabi]]
![[Pahari-Pothwari]]
![[Hindko]]
![[Saraiki language|Saraiki]]
![[Jatki language|Jatki]]
|-
|like this
|''ēṉj'', ''ēvẽ''
ਐਂਞ, ਐਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اینج، ایویں}}}}
|''ēvẽ''
ਐਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|ایویں}}}}
| ''ēdā̃''
ਐਦਾਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|ایدّاں}}}}
| ''iṉj''
ਇੰਞ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اِنج}}}}
| ''iṉjū''
ਇੰਞੂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اِنجوُ}}}}
| ''hiṉj, īvẽ''
ਹਿੰਞ, ਈਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اِیویں / ہِنج}}}}
| ''iṉj''
ਇੰਞ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اِنج}}}}
|-
|like that
|''oṉj, ovẽ''
ਓਂਞ, ਓਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اُنج}}}}
|''ovẽ''
ਐਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوویں}}}}
| ''odā̃''
ਐਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اودّاں}}}}
| ''uṉj''
ਐਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اُنج}}}}
| ''uṉjū''
ਐਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اُنجوُ}}}}
| ''huṉj / ūvẽ''
ਐਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوویں / ہُنج}}}}
| ''uṉj''
ਐਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اُنج}}}}
|-
|how?
|''kiṉj, kivẽ''
ਕਿੰਞ, ਕਿਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کنج، کویں}}}}
|''kivẽ''
ਕਿਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کویں}}}}
| ''kiddā̃''
ਕਿੱਦਾਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کداں}}}}
| ''kiṉj''
ਕਿੰਞ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کنج}}}}
| ''kiṉjū''
ਕਿੰਞੂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کنجو}}}}
| ''kiṉj, kīvẽ''
ਕਿੰਞ, ਕੀਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کنج، کیویں}}}}
| ''kiṉj''
ਕਿੰਞ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کنج}}}}
|-
|how
|''jiṉj, jivẽ''
ਜਿੰਞ, ਜਿਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کنج، کویں}}}}
|''jivẽ''
ਜਿਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کویں}}}}
| ''jiddā̃''
ਜਿੱਦਾਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کداں}}}}
| ''jiṉj''
ਜਿੰਞ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کنج}}}}
| ''jiṉjū''
ਜਿੰਞੂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کنجو}}}}
| ''jiṉj, jīvẽ''
ਜਿੰਞ, ਜੀਵੇਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کنج، کیویں}}}}
| ''jiṉj''
ਜਿੰਞ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کنج}}}}
|}

'''- Use of -na verb ending instead of -da ending for first-person and second-person point of view'''{{clarify|date=June 2025}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Phrase
!Majhi
!Standard Written Punjabi
|-
|I do
|''mẽ kar'''nā''' ʷā̃̀''

ਮੈਂ ਕਰ'''ਨਾ''' ਆਂ {{resize|{{nq|میں کرنا آں}}}}
|''mẽ kardā hā̃''

ਮੈਂ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ {{resize|{{nq|میں کردا ہاں}}}}
|-
|Let's (m.) go home
|''asī kàr jā'''ne''' ā̃̀''{{efn|''kàr'', meaning "home", is often said as ''kār'' in Northwestern Majhi (spoken in [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], and [[Bhimber District|Bhimber]] districts) as the vowel is elongated.}}

ਅਸੀ ਘਰ ਜਾ'''ਨੇ''' ਆਂ {{resize|{{nq|اسی گھر جانے آں}}}}
|''asī̃ kàr jānde hā̃''

ਅਸੀਂ ਘਰ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਾਂ {{resize|{{nq|اسی گھر جاندے ہاں}}}}
|-
|We (f.) do
|''asī̃ kar'''niyā̃''' ʷā̃̀''

ਅਸੀ ਕਰ'''ਨੀਆਂ''' ਆਂ {{resize|{{nq|اسی کرنِیاں واں}}}}
|''asī̃ kardiyā̃ hā̃''

ਅਸੀਂ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹਾਂ {{resize|{{nq|اسی کردِیاں ہاں}}}}
|-
|You (sing.) do
|''tū̃ kar'''nā''' aĩ̀''

ਤੂੰ ਕਰ'''ਨਾ''' ਐਂ {{resize|{{nq|تُوں کرنا ایں}}}}
|''tū̃ kardā haĩ''

ਤੂੰ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈਂ {{resize|{{nq|تُوں کردا ہیں}}}}
|-
|You (f.pl.) do
|''tusī kar'''niyā̃''' ò/je''

ਤੁਸੀ ਕਰ'''ਨੀਆਂ''' ਓ/ਜੇ {{resize|{{nq|تسی کرنِیاں او/جے}}}}
|''tusī̃ kardiyā̃ ho''

ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹੋ {{resize|{{nq|تسی کردِیاں ہو}}}}
|}

===Examples of Majhi===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |Sentence
! colspan="1", rowspan="2" |Transliteration
! colspan="1", rowspan="2" |Translation
|-
! colspan="1" |Shahmukhi
! colspan="1" |Gurmukhi
|-
| {{lang|pnb|{{resize|{{nq|تُوں لہور جاندا سیں}}}}}}
| {{lang|pa|ਤੂੰ ਲਹੌਰ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੈਂ}}
| ''tū̃ lahaur jāndā saĩ''
| You used to go to Lahore
|-
| {{lang|pnb|{{resize|{{nq|میں پہلوں ہی آکھدا ساں}}}}}}
| {{lang|pa|ਮੈਂ ਪਹਿਲੋਂ ਹੀ ਆਖਦਾ ਸਾਂ}}
| ''maĩ pahlõ hī ākhdā sā̃''
| I've already said it
|-
| {{lang|pnb|{{resize|{{nq|اودݨ بھرجائی کتھے سن}}}}}}
| {{lang|pa|ਓਦਣ ਭਰਜਾਈ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਸਨ}}
| ''oddaṇ bharjāī kitthe san''
| Where were the sisters-in-law that day?
|}

==Subdialectal differences==

===Northeastern Majhi===
Northeastern Majhi refers to the subdialect spoken in a belt from the [[Sialkot District]] to the [[Ravi river]].

It has considerable [[Doabi dialect|Doabi]] influence.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

Northeastern Majhi uses the past-tense inflection of the verb ''ḍahṇā'' (ਡਹਿਣਾ / {{resize|{{nq|ڈہݨا}}}}) to form continuous tenses, rather than ''pēṇā'' (ਪੈਣਾ/ {{resize|{{nq|پَیݨا}}}}) which is used by other Majhi subdialects and Punjabi dialects.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Phrase
!Eastern Majhi
!General Majhi
!Standard Punjabi
|-
|He<sup>([[demonstrative#Distal and proximal demonstratives|prox.]])</sup> was doing
|''eh karaṇ ḍahyā sī''
ਏਹ ਕਰਣ ਡਹਿਆ ਸੀ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوہ کرݨ ڈہیا سی}}}}
|''eh kardā pyā sī''
ਏਹ ਕਰਦਾ ਪਿਆ ਸੀ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوہ کردا پیا سی}}}}
|''eh kar rahyā sī''
ਇਹ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਸੀ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوہ کر رہیا سی}}}}
|-
|She<sup>([[demonstrative#Distal and proximal demonstratives|dist.]])</sup> is doing
|''oh karaṇ ḍahī hē''
ਓਹ ਕਰਣ ਡਹੀ ਹੈ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوہ کرݨ ڈہی اے}}}}
|''oh kardī paī hē''
ਓਹ ਕਰਦੀ ਪਈ ਹੈ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوہ کردی پئی ہے}}}}
|''oh kar rahī hē''
ਉਹ ਕਰ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوہ کر رہی ہے}}}}
|}

In Northeastern Majhi, on top of the copula-replacement by ''ne'', it is also common for the second-person plural pronominal suffix ''je'' (ਜੇ / {{resize|{{nq|جے}}}}) to overtake ''ho''.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Phrase
!Northeastern Majhi
!General Majhi
|-
|You will go home
|''tusī̃ ghar jāṉde je''
ਤੁਸੀਂ ਘਰ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਜੇ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|تسیں گھر جاندے جے}}}}
|''tusī̃ ghar jāṉde ho''
ਤੁਸੀਂ ਘਰ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹੋ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|تسیں گھر جاندے ہو}}}}
|}

This variety of Majhi also tends to [[debuccalize]] all its non-initial non-geminated [[voiceless alveolar fricative|voiceless alveolar fricatives]] ({{IPA|/s/}}) into [[voiced glottal fricative|glottal fricatives]] ({{IPA|/ɦ/}}); i.e. the ''s'' sound is heard as a ''h''. This ''h'' is distinguished from the regular phonetic ''h'' by its lack of tonality.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Word
!Punjabi spelling
!General pronunciation
!Northeastern pronunciation
!Translation
|-
|''tusī̃''
|ਤੁਸੀਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|تسیں}}}}
|[tʊsĩ]
|[tʊɦĩ]
|you (pl./honorific)
|-
|''asāḍā''
|ਅਸਾਡਾ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اساڈا}}}}
|[ɐ̆saˑɖˑa]
|[ɐ̆ɦaˑɖˑa]
|our(s) / my/mine (honorific)
|-
|''paise''
|ਪੈਸੇ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|پیسے}}}}
|[pɛˑsˑe]
|[pɛːɦe]
|money
|}

===Northwestern Majhi===
Northwestern Majhi refers to the subdialect spoken in the northwestern side of the [[Majha]] region in [[Pakistan]], primarily in the districts of [[Gujrat district|Gujrat]], [[Jhelum district|Jhelum]], and [[Bhimber District|Bhimber]].

In these areas, word-initial 'h' is fainter and more tonal, eventually disappearing in upper Punjabi dialects like [[Pahari-Pothwari]] and [[Hindko#Geographic distribution and dialects|Hazarewal Hindko]], as well as [[Dogri language#Tone rules|Dogri]]. I.e., words like ''hatth'' (ਹੱਥ / {{resize|{{nq|ہَتّھ}}}}) "hand" are said more as ''àtth''.

Another notable difference is the use of the suffix ''dā'' instead of ''gā'' for indicative future tense:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="1" |General Majhi
! colspan="1" |Northwestern Majhi
! colspan="1" |Translation
|-
| ''kare gā''
ਕਰੇਗਾ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کرے گا}}}}
| ''kare dā''
ਕਰੇਦਾ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کرے دا}}}}
| [he] will do
|-
| ''khāṇ giyā̃''
ਖਾਣਗੀਆਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کھاݨ گیاں}}}}
| ''khāṇ diyā̃''
ਖਾਣਦੀਆਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|کھاݨ دیاں}}}}
| [they] (f.) will eat
|-
| ''jāvo ge''
ਜਾਵੋਗੇ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|جاوو گے}}}}
| ''jāvo de''
ਜਾਵੋਦੇ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|جاوو دے}}}}
| [you] (pl. m.) will go
|-
| ''samjhā̃ gī''
ਸਮਝਾਂਗੀ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|سمجھاں گی}}}}
| ''samjhā̃ dī''
ਸਮਝਾਂਦੀ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|سمجھاں دی}}}}
| [I] (f.) will understand
|}

Northwestern Majhi also has its own past-tense copula, which declines on gender and number, unlike other Majhi subdialects, whose copula declines on person and number.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="1" |General Majhi
! colspan="1" |Northwestern Majhi
! colspan="1" |Translation
|-
| ''tū̃ nhāyā sēṉ''
ਤੂੰ ਨ੍ਹਾਇਆ ਸੈਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|توں نھایا سیں}}}}
| ''tū̃ nhāyā āhā''
ਤੂੰ ਨ੍ਹਾਇਆ ਆਹਾ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|توں نھایا آہا}}}}
| You (s. m.) had bathed
|-
| ''oh kiddhar sī?''
ਓਹ ਕਿੱਧਰ ਸੀ?<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوہ کدھر سی؟}}}}
| ''oh kiddhar āhī?''
ਓਹ ਕਿੱਧਰ ਆਹੀ?<br>
{{resize|{{nq|اوہ کدھر آہی؟}}}}
| Where was she?
|-
| ''mēṉ paṉchī vekhe san''
ਮੈਂ ਪੰਛੀ ਵੇਖੇ ਸਨ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|میں پنچھی ویکھے سن}}}}
| ''mēṉ paṉchī vekhe āhe''
ਮੈਂ ਪੰਛੀ ਵੇਖੇ ਆਹੇ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|میں پنچھی ویکھے آہے}}}}
| I had seen birds
|-
| ''bakkriyāṉ mamyāiyāṉ san''
ਬੱਕਰੀਆਂ ਮਮਿਆਈਆਂ ਸਨ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|بکریاں ممیائیاں سن}}}}
| ''bakkriyāṉ mamyāiyāṉ āhiyāṉ''
ਬੱਕਰੀਆਂ ਮਮਿਆਈਆਂ ਆਹੀਆਂ<br>
{{resize|{{nq|بکریاں ممیائیاں آہیاں}}}}
| The goats had bleated
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Punjab}}
*[[Punjabi dialects and languages|Punjabi dialects]]
*[[Punjabi literature]]
*[[Jhangvi dialect]]
*[[Shahpuri dialect]]
*[[Dhanni dialect]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Punjabi dialects}}

[[Category:Punjabi dialects]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Punjabi language in Pakistan]]