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{{short description|1842 list by Karl Richard Lepsius}}
[[File:Lepsius-Expedition-Cheops-Pyramide (full).jpg|thumb|300px|Members of the Prussian expedition to Egypt celebrate [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]]'s birthday on the summit of the [[Great Pyramid of Giza]]]]
The '''Lepsius list of pyramids''' is a list of sixty-seven [[Ancient Egypt|ancient]] [[Egyptian pyramids]] established in 1842–1843 by [[Karl Richard Lepsius]] (1810–1884), an [[Egyptologist]] and leader of the "[[:de:Preußische Expedition nach Ägypten|Prussian expedition to Egypt]]" from 1842 until 1846.

The Lepsius list of pyramid is the first attempt at systematically [[List of Egyptian pyramids|listing all the Egyptian pyramids]], and as such, is a pioneering effort of early modern Egyptology. The list was published together with the results of the expedition in Lepsius work ''Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien'' (1849–1859).

==List==

===History===
[[File:Carl_Richard_Lepsius_(1810-1884).jpg|thumb|170px|Karl Richard Lepsius]]
Following the success of the [[Jean-François Champollion#Franco-Tuscan Expedition|Franco-Tuscan Expedition]] to Egypt under the leadership of [[Jean-François Champollion]], the [[Prussia]]n scientists [[Alexander von Humboldt]] and [[Robert Wilhelm Bunsen]] and the minister of instruction Johann Eichhorn recommended to king [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]] that an expedition be sent to Egypt.
Karl Richard Lepsius, who had learned of Champollion's method to decipher the [[hieroglyphs]] and had met [[Ippolito Rosellini]] of the Franco-Tuscan Expedition, was chosen to lead it.{{sfn|Peck|2001|p=289}} The main aim of the expedition was to explore and record the remains of the ancient Egyptian civilization as well as to gather materials for the [[Egyptian Museum of Berlin]].

The Prussian expedition assembled in [[Alexandria]] in 1842 and quickly departed for [[Giza]], which was reached in November that same year. Proceeding north to south, Lepsius's men then explored the pyramids field of [[Abusir]], [[Saqqara]], [[Dahshur]] and, in 1843, [[Hawara]]. Lepsius and team stayed for 6 months in total at these locations, as the Prussian expedition was the first to study and record Old Kingdom material in depth.{{sfn|Peck|2001|p=289}}

In total, Lepsius and his men uncovered a total of 67 pyramids and 130 tombs.{{sfn|Peck|2001|p=289}} The pyramids, dating from the [[Third Dynasty of Egypt|Third Dynasty]] (c. 2686–2613 BCE) until the [[Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Thirteenth Dynasty]] (c. 1800–1650 BCE), were given [[Roman numeral]]s from north to south, starting from [[Abu Rawash]] in the north. Although a few of the structures reported by Lepsius are now known to have been [[mastaba]]s and other monumental structures (highlighted on the list below in light gray), the Lepsius list of pyramids is still considered a pioneering achievement of modern Egyptology. Lepsius' numerals have remained the standard designation for some of the pyramids.

The results of the Prussian expedition to Egypt, comprising the list of pyramids, were published in the ''Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien''.{{sfn|Lepsius Denkmaler|2016}}

===Pyramids===
{| class="wikitable" width="80%;"  style="margin:1em auto;"
|- 
! style="background-color: #ffe39b; | Lepsius Number
! style="background-color: #ffe39b; | Location
! style="background-color: #ffe39b; | Modern identification
! style="background-color: #ffe39b; width:80px;"| Image
|-
| align="center" | '''I''' || [[Abu Rawash]] || [[Pyramid Lepsius I]] || [[File:Lepsius I Pyramid.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''II''' || [[Abu Rawash]] || [[Pyramid of Djedefre]] || [[File:Abu Rawash Pyramid.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''III''' || [[Abu Rawash]] || Pyramid complex of Djedefre, subsidiary pyramid  || 
|- style="background-color: #ffe39b; color: #773300 "
| colspan="4" height="5" |
|-
| align="center" | '''IV''' || [[Giza pyramid complex|Giza]] || [[Great Pyramid of Giza]] || [[File:Kheops-Pyramid.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''V''' || Giza || North subsidiary pyramid of Khufu's, [[Pyramid G1-a|G1-a]]|| [[File:Queen Pyramid of Hetepheres (G1a).jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''VI''' || Giza || Middle subsidiary pyramid of Khufu's, [[Pyramid G1-b|G1-b]]|| [[File:Meritetis-pyramide.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''VII''' || Giza || South subsidiary pyramid of Khufu's, [[Pyramid G1-c|G1-c]]|| [[File:Queen Pyramid of Henutsen (G1c).jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''VIII''' || Giza || [[Pyramid of Khafre]] || [[File:Khephren 009.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''IX''' || Giza || [[Pyramid of Menkaure]] || [[File:Cairo, Gizeh, Pyramid of Menkaure, Egypt, Oct 2005.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''X''' || Giza ||  West subsidiary pyramid of Menkaure's, [[Pyramid G3-c|G3-c]]|| [[File:Queen-Pyramid-G-III-c.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XI''' || Giza || Middle subsidiary pyramid of Menkaure's, [[Pyramid G3-b|G3-b]]|| [[File:Queen-Pyramid-G-III-b.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XII''' || Giza || East subsidiary pyramid of Menkaure's, [[Pyramid G3-a|G3-a]]||[[File:MykerinosTop.jpg|80x80px]]
|- style="background-color: #ffe39b; color: #773300 "
| colspan="4" height="5" |
|-
| align="center" | '''XIII''' || [[Zawyet el'Aryan]] || [[Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan]] || [[File:Vue3-grande-excavation.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XIV''' || Zawyet el'Aryan || [[Layer Pyramid]] || [[File:Khaba_pyramid_at_Zawyet_el'Aryan.jpg|80x80px]]
|- style="background-color: #ffe39b; color: #773300 "
| colspan="4" height="5" |
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XV''' || [[Abu Gorab]] || Sun temple of Nyuserre Ini || [[File:Solar Temple of Niuserre.jpg|80x80px]]
|- style="background-color: #ffe39b; color: #773300 "
| colspan="4" height="5" |
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XVI''' || [[Abusir]] || Unidentified brick pyramid ||
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XVII''' || Abusir || [[Sun temple of Userkaf]] ||
|-
| align="center" | '''XVIII''' || Abusir || [[Pyramid of Sahure]] || [[File:Abousir Sahoure 01.jpg|80x80px]]
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XIX''' || Abusir || Mastaba of vizier [[Ptahshepses]] || [[File:Mastaba de Ptahchepsès.JPG|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XX''' || Abusir || [[Pyramid of Nyuserre]] || [[File:Pyramid of Niuserre.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XXI''' || Abusir || [[Pyramid of Neferirkare]] || [[File:Neferirkare.jpg|80x80px]]
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XXII''' || Abusir || Small satellite pyramid || 
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XXIII''' || Abusir || Small satellite pyramid || 
|-
| align="center" | '''XXIV''' || Abusir || Pyramid ''[[Lepsius XXIV]]'', queen of Nyuserre Ini || [[File:Lepsius-XXIV pyramid.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XXV''' || Abusir || [[Double Pyramid]], queen of Nyuserre Ini or Neferefre, could be a double mastaba || [[File:Lepsius-XXV pyramid.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XXVI''' || Abusir || [[Pyramid of Neferefre]] || [[File:Pyramid of Neferefre, Abusir, 1970ies.jpg|80x80px]]
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XXVII''' || Abusir || Completely destroyed, only an outline is visible || 
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XXVIII''' || Abusir || Unfinished pyramid or a natural structure || 
|- style="background-color: #ffe39b; color: #773300 "
| colspan="4" height="5" |
|-
| align="center" | '''XXIX''' || [[Saqqara]] || [[Headless Pyramid]] of [[Menkauhor Kaiu]]|| 
|-
| align="center" | '''XXX''' || Saqqara || [[Pyramid of Teti]] || [[File:Saqqarah Teti 01.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XXXI''' || Saqqara || [[Pyramid of Userkaf]] || [[Image:Saqqarah Ouserkaf 06.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XXXII''' || Saqqara || [[Pyramid of Djoser]] || [[File:DjoserPyramid.jpg|80x80px]]
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XXXIII''' || Saqqara || North pavillon of Djoser's pyramid complex ||
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XXXIV''' || Saqqara || South pavillon of Djoser's pyramid complex || [[File:Djoser South House.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XXXV''' || Saqqara || [[Pyramid of Unas]] || [[File:Unas Pyramide.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XXXVI''' || Saqqara || [[Pyramid of Pepi I]] ||
|-
| align="center" | '''XXXVII''' || Saqqara || [[Pyramid of Djedkare-Isesi]] || [[File:Pyramid_of_Djedkare,_Saqqara,_1990ies.png|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XXXVIII''' || Saqqara || Subsidiary pyramid to Djedkare's, unknown queen || 
|-
| align="center" | '''XXXIX''' || Saqqara || [[Pyramid of Merenre]] || [[File:Pyramid_of_Merenre,_Saqqara,_1990ies.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XL''' || Saqqara || [[Qakare Ibi#The pyramid|Pyramid of Ibi]] || [[File:Qakare-Ibi-Pyramid.png|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XLI''' || Saqqara || [[Pyramid of Pepi II]] || [[File:PepiIIPyramid.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XLII''' || Saqqara || Subsidiary pyramid of Pepi II's for his queen Wedjebten ||
|-
| align="center" | '''XLIII''' || Saqqara || [[Mastabat al-Fir'aun]] of [[Shepseskaf]] || [[File:Mastaba-faraoun-3.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''XLIV''' || Saqqara || [[Pyramid of Khendjer]] || [[File:Khendjer-complexe-1.jpg|80x80px]]
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XLV''' || Saqqara || [[Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt|13th Dynasty]] structure || 
|-
| align="center" | '''XLVI''' || Saqqara || [[Southern South Saqqara pyramid]] || [[File:Plan-anonyme-saqqarah-sud.jpg|80x80px]]
|- style="background-color: #ffe39b; color: #773300 "
| colspan="4" height="5" |
|-
| align="center" | '''XLVII''' || [[Dahshur]] || [[Pyramid of Senusret III]] || [[File:Photo-pyramide-sesostris3.jpg|80x80px]]
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''XLVIII''' || Dahshur || Mastaba, unknown owner ||
|-
| align="center" | '''XLIX''' || Dahshur || [[Red Pyramid]] || [[File:Egypt.Dashur.RedPyramid.01.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''L''' || Dahshur || ''[[:de:Lepsius-L-Pyramide|Lepsius-L Pyramid]]'' ||
|-
| align="center" | '''LI''' || Dahshur || [[White Pyramid|Pyramid of Amenemhat II]] ||
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''LII''' || Dahshur || Pylon of the temple of the pyramid of Amenemhat II || 
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''LIII''' || Dahshur || Pylon of the temple of the pyramid of Amenemhat II || 
|-
| align="center" | '''LIV''' || Dahshur || Central Dahshur pyramid || 
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''LV''' || Dahshur || Mastaba of vizier [[Siese]]|| 
|-
| align="center" | '''LVI''' || Dahshur || [[Bent Pyramid]] || [[File:GD-EG-Saqqara004.JPG|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''LVII''' || Dahshur || [[Bent Pyramid#Satellite pyramid|Subsidiary pyramid]] of the bent pyramid || [[Image:Dahschur Sattelite Pyramid 01.JPG|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''LVIII''' || Dahshur || [[Black Pyramid|Pyramid of Amenemhat III]] || [[File:BlackPyramidOfAmenemhetIII.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''LIX''' || Dahshur || [[Northern Mazghuna pyramid]] || 
|- style="background-color: #ffe39b; color: #773300 "
| colspan="4" height="5" |
|-
| align="center" | '''LX''' || [[Lisht|El-Lisht]] || [[Pyramid of Amenemhet I|Pyramid of Amenemhat I]] || [[File:AmenemhetIPyramid.jpg|80x80px]]
|-
| align="center" | '''LXI''' || El-Lisht || [[Pyramid of Senusret I]] || [[File:Licht-senwsPyramids 01.jpg|80x80px]]
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''LXII''' || El-Lisht || Mastaba, unknown owner || 
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''LXIII''' || El-Lisht ||Mastaba of [[Senewosret-Ankh]]{{sfn|Arnold|2008|pp=13–24|loc=pls. 2–7, 9–25, pls. 62–92, pl. 129–133.}}|| 
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| align="center" | '''LXIV''' || El-Lisht ||Mastaba, possibly belonging to a private individual named Senusret{{sfn|Arnold|2008|pp=24–26|loc=pls. 26–31, pls. 62–92, pl. 129–133}}|| 
|- style="background-color: #ffe39b; color: #773300 "
| colspan="4" height="5" |
|-
| align="center" | '''LXV''' || [[Meidum]] || [[Meidum#Pyramid|Pyramid of Meidum]] || [[Image:Meidoum pyramide 006.JPG|80x80px]]
|- style="background-color: #ffe39b; color: #773300 "
| colspan="4" height="5" |
|-
| align="center" | '''LXVI''' || [[El-Lahun]] || [[Pyramid of Senusret II]] || [[File:Pyramid at Lahun.jpg|80x80px]]
|- style="background-color: #ffe39b; color: #773300 "
| colspan="4" height="5" |
|-
| align="center" | '''LXVII''' || [[Hawara]] || [[Hawara#Pyramid|Pyramid of Hawara]], of Amenemhat III. Situated north of "The Labyrinth" || [[File:Hawara.jpg|80x80px]]
|}

==Lepsius' maps==
Lepsius drew maps of the locations his expedition visited and which regroup the pyramid listed above. They are presented below, from north to south.

<gallery class="centered">
File:Carte-lepsius-abou-rawash.jpg|Abu Rawash
File:Carte-lepsius-gizeh.jpg|Giza
File:Carte-lepsius-Abousir-Zaouiet-el-Aryan.jpg|Zawyet el'Aryan and Abusir
File:Carte-lepsius-saqqarah.jpg|Saqqara
File:Carte-lepsius-saqqarah-sud.jpg|South Saqqara
File:Carte-lepsius-dahchour.jpg|Dahshur
File:Carte-lepsius-licht.jpg|El-Lisht
File:Carte-lepsius-Meïdoum-Illahoun.jpg|Meidum and El-Lahun
File:Carte-lepsius-hawara.jpg|Hawara
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
*{{cite book|last=Arnold|first=Dieter|title=Middle Kingdom Tomb Architecture at Lisht|year=2008|location=New York|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-0-300-12344-9}}
*{{cite web|title=Carl Richard Lepsius "DENKMÄLER AUS AEGYPTEN UND AETHIOPIEN"|url=http://edoc3.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/lepsius/|access-date=8 May 2016|ref={{harvid|Lepsius Denkmaler|2016}}}}
*{{cite book|last=Peck|first=William H.|chapter=Lepsius, Karl Richard|editor-last=Redford|editor-first=Donald B.|editor-link=Donald B. Redford|year=2001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-510234-5|pages=289–290}}
{{refend}}

{{Egyptian pyramids}}
{{Ancient Egypt topics}}

[[Category:Ancient Egyptian pyramids|*List]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Egypt]]
[[Category:Ancient Egypt-related lists|Pyramids]]
[[Category:Lists of ancient buildings and structures|Pyramids, Egyptian, Lepsius]]