View source for Janka hardness test

{{Short description|Test to measure resistance of wood}}
[[File:Janka hardness test.jpg|thumb|right]]

The '''Janka hardness test''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|dʒ|æ|ŋ|k|ə}};<ref>{{cite web |title=The Scoop on Wood Hardness, Part 1: What is Janka?|url=https://hardwoodfloorsmag.com/2018/01/05/scoop-wood-hardness-part-1-janka/|last=Baldwin |first=Elizabeth |date= 5 January 2018 |website=hardwoodfloorsmag.com |publisher= National Wood Flooring Association|access-date= 17 April 2021}}.</ref> {{IPA|de|ˈjaŋka|lang}}), created by Austrian-born American researcher Gabriel Janka (1864–1932), measures the resistance of a sample of wood to denting and wear.{{citation needed|reason=The only source containing the word "wear" acknowledges that "hardness" means a variety of things (including resistance to wear), but does not say that Janka measures any kind of hardness other than resistance to denting (deformation).|date=October 2023}} It measures the [[Indentation hardness|force required to embed]] an {{convert|11.28|mm|in|frac=64|adj=mid|-diameter|sp=us}} steel ball halfway into a sample of wood. (The diameter was chosen to produce a circle with an area of 100 square millimeters, or one square centimeter.)<ref>{{cite web |title=Janka hardness |url=https://www.sizes.com/units/janka.htm |website=Sizes.com |access-date=4 May 2021}}</ref> 

A common use of Janka hardness ratings is to determine whether a species is suitable for use as [[Wood flooring|flooring]]. For hardwood flooring, the test usually requires an {{cvt|3|x|6|in|mm|order=flip|-1}} sample with a thickness of at least 6–8&nbsp;mm, and the most commonly used test is the ASTM D1037. When testing wood in lumber form, the Janka test is always carried out on wood from the tree trunk (known as the heartwood), and the standard sample (according to ASTM D143) is at 12% moisture content and clear of knots.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://avantgardeflooring.com/what-is-the-janka-hardness-scale/ |title=What is the Janka Hardness Scale |date=7 April 2016 |publisher=Avant Garde Flooring |access-date=25 October 2024 |archive-date=15 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715020032/https://avantgardeflooring.com/index.php/blog/14-what-is-the-janka-hardness-scale |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The hardness of wood varies with the direction of the [[wood grain]]. Testing on the surface of a plank, perpendicular to the grain, is said to be of "side hardness". Testing the cut surface of a stump is called a test of "end hardness".{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} Side hardness may be further divided into "radial hardness" and "tangential hardness", although the differences are minor and often neglected.

The results are stated in various ways, leading to confusion, especially when the actual units employed are often not attached. The resulting measure is always one of [[force]]. In the United States, the measurement is in [[pound-force|pounds-force]] (lbf). In Sweden, it is in [[kilogram-force|kilograms-force]] (kgf), and in [[Australia]], either in [[newton (unit)|newton]]s (N) or kilonewtons (kN). This confusion is greatest when the results are treated as units, for example "660&nbsp;Janka".<ref>{{cite web |title = The Janka Hardness Test |url = https://johnsonhardwood.com/resources/janka-hardness-test/ |work = Johnson Hardwood |access-date = 25 October 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240721005116/https://johnsonhardwood.com/resources/janka-hardness-test/ |archive-date = 21 July 2024 }}</ref>

The Janka hardness test results tabulated below followed [[ASTM]] D&nbsp;1037-12 testing methods. Lumber stocks tested range from 1" to 2" (25–50 mm) thick. The tabulated Janka hardness numbers are an average. There is a standard deviation associated with each species, but these values are not given.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} No testing was done on actual flooring. 

Other factors affect how flooring performs: the type of core for engineered floorings, such as pine, HDF, poplar, oak, or birch; grain direction and thickness; floor or top wear surface, etc. The chart is not to be considered an absolute; it is meant to help people understand which woods are harder than others.

==Typical Janka hardness values==
{| class="wikitable""
! Key
|- style="background:#ffe5e5;"
|Hardwood
|- style="background:#fffde5;"
|Softwood
|- style="background:#e6e6ff;"
|Pseudowood
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible plainrowheaders"
|+ Typical Janka side hardness
! scope="col"|Species
! scope="col" colspan="2" data-sort-type="number" | Force: pounds-force (newtons)
|- 
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Allocasuarina luehmannii|Australian Buloke]]<ref name="Morlan">{{cite web | publisher = Morlan wood gifts |url= http://www.morlanwoodgifts.com/MM011.ASP?pageno=207 |title= Wood Species Janka Hardness Scale/Chart By Common/Trade Name A–J |work=The World's Top 125 Known Softest/Hardest Woods | first =Johnny W | last = Morlan |access-date= 20 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120426064548/http://www.morlanwoodgifts.com/MM011.ASP?pageno=207 |archive-date= 26 April 2012}}</ref>
| {{bartable|5060|/lbf/N|.1|order=flip}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | ''[[Schinopsis brasiliensis]]'', Quebracho, Barauna, Chamacoco<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.globalspecies.org/ntaxa/2986581 |title= Global Species}}</ref>
| {{bartable|4800|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | ''[[Schinopsis balansae]]'', Quebracho Colorado, Red Quebracho<ref>{{cite web | work = Lumber identification | url = http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/hardwoods/quebracho/ | title = Quebracho | publisher = The Wood Database | access-date = 2014-05-22 | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083727/http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/hardwoods/quebracho/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>
| {{bartable|4570|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | ''[[Lignum vitae]]'', Guayacan, Pockholz
| {{bartable|4500|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil|''Anadenanthera colubrina'' var. ''cebil'']], <small>Curupay, Angico Preto, Brazilian Tiger Mahogany</small>
| {{bartable|3840|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Piratinera guianensis|Snakewood]], Letterhout, ''Brosimum guianense''
| {{bartable|3800|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Brazilian Olivewood]]
| {{bartable|3700|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Brazilian Ebony]]
| {{bartable|3700|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Handroanthus|Ipê]], [[Ocotea porosa|Brazilian Walnut]], ''[[Handroanthus lapacho]]''
| {{bartable|3684|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Baillonella toxisperma|African Pearwood, Moabi]]
| {{bartable|3680|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Grey Ironbark]]
| {{bartable|3664|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Bolivian Cherry]]
| {{bartable|3650|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Tabebuia|Lapacho]]
| {{bartable|3640|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Bowdichia|Sucupira]], Brazilian Chestnut, Tiete Chestnut
| {{bartable|3417|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Kingwood (wood)|Kingwood]]<ref>{{cite web | work = Lumber identification |url= https://www.wood-database.com/kingwood/ |title = Kingwood | publisher = The Wood Database}}</ref>
| {{bartable|3340|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | ''[[Dipteryx]]'', Cumaru, Brazilian Teak<ref>{{cite web | work = Lumber identification |url= https://www.wood-database.com/cumaru/ |title = Cumaru | publisher = The Wood Database}}</ref>
| {{bartable|3330|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Olneya tesota|Ironwood]]
| {{bartable|3260|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Ebony]]
| {{bartable|3220|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Manilkara bidentata|Massaranduba]], [[Brazilian Redwood]], [[Paraju]]
| {{bartable|3190|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Pterogyne nitens|Yvyraro]]
| {{bartable|3040|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#e6e6ff;" | [[Bamboo floor|Strand Woven Bamboo]]
| {{bartable|3000|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Cocobolo]]
| {{bartable|2960|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | Bloodwood (''[[Brosimum rubescens]]'')
| {{bartable|2900|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Boxwood]]
| {{bartable|2840|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Olive]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wood-database.com/olive/|access-date=15 December 2023|title=Olive|work=The Wood Database|archive-date=5 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605124117/https://www.wood-database.com/olive/}}</ref>
| {{bartable|2710|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Eucalyptus resinifera|Red Mahogany]], [[Syncarpia glomulifera|Turpentine]]
| {{bartable|2697|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Quercus virginiana|Live Oak]]
| {{bartable|2680|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | Southern Chestnut
| {{bartable|2670|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Corymbia maculata|Spotted Gum]]
| {{bartable|2473|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Hymenaea courbaril|Brazilian Cherry, Jatoba]]
| {{bartable|2350|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Mesquite]]
| {{bartable|2345|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | Golden Teak
| {{bartable|2330|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | Guatambú, Kyrandy, ''[[Balfourodendron riedelianum]]''
| {{bartable|2240|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Santos Mahogany]], [[Bocote]], [[Cabreuva]], [[Rosewood|Honduran Rosewood]]
| {{bartable|2200|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Pterocarpus macrocarpus|Pradoo]]
| {{bartable|2170|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Brazilian Koa]]
| {{bartable|2160|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Lophostemon confertus|Brushbox]]
| {{bartable|2135|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Osage Orange]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/hardwoods/Osage/ |title= Osage orange |work= Lumber identification |publisher= The Wood Database }}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| {{bartable|2040|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Karri]]
| {{bartable|2030|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Sydney Blue Gum]]
| {{bartable|2023|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#e6e6ff;" | [[Palmyra Palm]]
| {{bartable|2020|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Bubinga]]
| {{bartable|1980|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Cameron (wood)|Cameron]]
| {{bartable|1940|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Tallowwood]]
| {{bartable|1933|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Merbau]]
| {{bartable|1925|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Amendoim]]
| {{bartable|1912|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Jarrah]]
| {{bartable|1910|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#e6e6ff;" | [[Coconut Palm]]
| {{bartable|1900|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Purpleheart]]
| {{bartable|1860|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Goncalo Alves]], [[Goncalo alves|Tigerwood]]
| {{bartable|1850|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Hickory]], [[Pecan]], [[Rutaceae|Satinwood]]
| {{bartable|1820|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | ''[[Afzelia]]'', [[Doussie]], [[Australian Wormy Chestnut]]
| {{bartable|1810|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Castello boxwood]]
| {{bartable|1810|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Shorea|Bangkirai]]
| {{bartable|1798|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Rosewood]]
| {{bartable|1780|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Malus|Apple]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wood-database.com/apple/|access-date=15 December 2023|title=Olive|work=The Wood Database|archive-date=3 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603141302/https://www.wood-database.com/apple/}}</ref>
| {{bartable|1730|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[African Padauk]]
| {{bartable|1725|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Dalbergia melanoxylon|Blackwood]]
| {{bartable|1720|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Merbau]]
| {{bartable|1712|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Kempas (wood)|Kempas]]
| {{bartable|1710|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Robinia pseudoacacia|Black Locust]]
| {{bartable|1700|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Highland Beech]]
| {{bartable|1686|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Morus rubra|Red Mulberry]]
| {{bartable|1680|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Wenge]], [[Red Pine]], [[Hornbeam]]
| {{bartable|1630|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Tualang]]
| {{bartable|1624|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Zebrawood]]
| {{bartable|1575|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[True Pine]], [[Timborana]]
| {{bartable|1570|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Peroba]]
| {{bartable|1557|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Taxus baccata|European Yew]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wood-database.com/european-yew/|access-date=15 December 2023|title=European Yew|work=The Wood Database|archive-date=8 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608053455/https://www.wood-database.com/european-yew/}}</ref>
| {{bartable|1520|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Sapele]], [[Sapele|Sapelli]], [[Kupa'y]]
| {{bartable|1510|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Curupixa]]
| {{bartable|1490|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Sweet Birch]]
| {{bartable|1470|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Hard maple]], [[Sugar Maple]]
| {{bartable|1450|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Lysiloma latisiliquum|Caribbean Walnut]]
| {{bartable|1390|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Kentucky coffeetree]]
| {{bartable|1390|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#e6e6ff;" | Natural [[Bamboo]] (represents one species)
| {{bartable|1380|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Callitris|Australian Cypress]]
| {{bartable|1375|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Quercus alba|White Oak]]
| {{bartable|1360|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Tasmanian oak]]
| {{bartable|1350|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Eucalyptus viminalis|Ribbon Gum]]
| {{bartable|1349|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Fraxinus|Ash]] (White)
| {{bartable|1320|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[American Beech]]
| {{bartable|1300|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Quercus rubra|Red Oak]] (Northern)
| {{bartable|1290|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Caribbean Heart Pine]]
| {{bartable|1280|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Dipterocarpus|Keruing]]
| {{bartable|1270|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Yellow Birch]], [[Iroko Tree|Iroko]]
| {{bartable|1260|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Movingui]]
| {{bartable|1230|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Heart pine]]
| {{bartable|1225|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | ''[[Carapa guianensis]]'', Brazilian Mesquite
| {{bartable|1220|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Larch]]
| {{bartable|1200|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#e6e6ff;" | Carbonized [[Bamboo]]  (represents one species)
| {{bartable|1180|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Teak]]
| {{bartable|1155|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Brazilian Eucalyptus]], [[Eucalyptus grandis|Rose Gum]]
| {{bartable|1125|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Quercus robur|English Oak]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/hardwoods/english-oak/|access-date=28 August 2015|title=English Oak|work=The Wood Database|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303050942/http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/hardwoods/english-oak|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| {{bartable|1120|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Makore]]
| {{bartable|1100|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Siberian Larch]]
| {{bartable|1100|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Juglans boliviana|Peruvian Walnut]]
| {{bartable|1080|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row | [[Boreal (wood)|Boreal]]
| {{bartable|1023|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Black Walnut]], [[North American Walnut]]
| {{bartable|1010|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Cherry]]
| {{bartable|995|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Prunus serotina|Black Cherry]], [[Phoebe porosa|Imbuia]]
| {{bartable|950|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Acer rubrum|Red Maple]]<ref>{{Citation | title = Wood charts | work = Custom workshop | url = http://www.customworkshop.biz/wood_charts.html | access-date = 2018-11-30 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130106000438/http://www.customworkshop.biz/wood_charts.html | archive-date = 2013-01-06 | url-status = dead }}.</ref>
| {{bartable|950|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Detarium senegalense|Boire]]
| {{bartable|940|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Paper Birch]]
| {{bartable|910|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Eastern Red Cedar]], [[Samanea saman|Monkeypod]]
| {{bartable|900|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Southern Yellow Pine]] (Longleaf)
| {{bartable|870|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Lacewood]], [[Flindersia|Leopardwood]]
| {{bartable|840|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[African Mahogany]]
| {{bartable|830|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Mahogany]], [[Swietenia humilis|Honduran Mahogany]]
| {{bartable|800|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Araucaria angustifolia|Parana]]
| {{bartable|780|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Sycamore]]
| {{bartable|770|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Acer negundo|Box Elder]]
| {{bartable|720|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Guibourtia ehie|Shedua]]
| {{bartable|710|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Pinus radiata|Radiata Pine]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/softwoods/radiata-pine/ |title= Radiata Pine |work= Lumber identification |publisher= The Wood Database |access-date= 2015-04-04 |archive-date= 2016-08-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160811093818/http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/softwoods/radiata-pine |url-status= dead }}</ref>
| {{bartable|710|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Acer saccharinum|Silver Maple]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/hardwoods/silver-maple/|title= Silver Maple|work= Lumber identification|publisher= The Wood Database|access-date= 2012-02-19|archive-date= 2016-08-09|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160809092657/http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/hardwoods/silver-maple/|url-status= dead}}</ref>
| {{bartable|700|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Southern Yellow Pine]] ([[Loblolly Pine|Loblolly]] and [[Pinus echinata|Shortleaf]])
| {{bartable|690|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Douglas Fir]]
| {{bartable|660|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Juniperus occidentalis|Western Juniper]]
| {{bartable|626|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Alnus rubra|Alder (Red)]]
| {{bartable|590|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Larch]]
| {{bartable|590|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Chestnut]]
| {{bartable|540|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Liriodendron tulipifera|Yellow Poplar]], Poplar
| {{bartable|540|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[tsuga|Hemlock]]
| {{bartable|500|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Western White Pine]]
| {{bartable|420|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Basswood]]
| {{bartable|410|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Eastern White Pine]]
| {{bartable|380|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#fffde5;" | [[Western Red Cedar]]
| {{bartable|350|/lbf/N|.1}}
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Cavanillesia platanifolia|Cuipo]]<ref name= balsa_quipo_1955 />
| {{bartable|75|/lbf/N|.1}}<!--Approximate average of values measured in reference.-->
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" | [[Ochroma pyramidale|Balsa]]<ref name= balsa_quipo_1955/>
| {{bartable|70|/lbf/N|.1}}<!--Approximate average of measurements in reference-->
|-
! scope=row style="background:#ffe5e5;" |[[Ochroma pyramidale|Balsa]], softest wood ever measured: single unusual example<ref name= balsa_quipo_1955>{{cite journal |title=Strength and related properties of Balsa and Quipo woods |date= November 1955 |publisher=UISDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory |last1=Wiepking |first1= C. A. |last2= Doyle |first2=D. V. |url= http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/handle/1957/1239 |id= Report No. 1511 |pages=27–28}}  The record softness of 22 lbf is often falsely ascribed to quipo, but all such reports appear to be a misreading of figures 15 and 16 from this primary source, which makes clear that measurement is of balsa, and the softest quipo measured was 46 lbf tangential, 38 lbf radial.</ref>
| {{bartable|22|/lbf/N|.1}}
|}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.sizes.com/units/janka.htm Janka Hardness Scale For Wood – Side Hardness Chart of Some Woods]
* [http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr113/fplgtr113.pdf USDA – Wood Handbook – Wood as an Engineering Material] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121194757/http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr113/fplgtr113.pdf |date=2015-11-21 }}
* [http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrn/fpl_rn303.pdf USDA – Janka Hardness Using Nonstandard Specimens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222142018/http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrn/fpl_rn303.pdf |date=2012-12-22 }}

{{Woodworking}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Janka Hardness Test}}
[[Category:Woodworking]]
[[Category:Woodcarving]]
[[Category:Wood]]
[[Category:Hardness tests]]