View source for Hamengkubuwono X

{{Short description|Sultan of Yogyakarta since 1988}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{copy edit|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Hamengkubuwono X<br>{{Nobold|ꦯꦿꦶꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦡꦟ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦮꦟ꧇꧑꧐꧇}}
| title        = [[Shri#South and Southeast Asia|Sri]] [[Sultan]]
| image        = Hamengkubuwono x.jpg
| caption      = Formal portrait, 1989
| succession   = 3rd [[Governor of Yogyakarta]]
{{Infobox officeholder/office
| termstart    = 3 October 1998
| termend      = 
| vicegovernor = {{ubl|[[Paku Alam IX]]<br>(2002–2015)|[[Paku Alam X]]<br>(since 2016)}}
| predecessor  = [[Paku Alam VIII]]
| successor    = }}
| succession1  = 10th [[Yogyakarta Sultanate#List of sultans|Sultan of Yogyakarta]]
| reign1       = 7 March 1989 – present
| predecessor1 = [[Hamengkubuwono IX]]
| suc-type1    = [[Heir presumptive|Heiress presumptive]]
| successor1   = [[Princess Mangkubumi]]
| birth_name   = Bendara Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito
| birth_date   = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1946|04|02}}
| birth_place  = [[Yogyakarta]], Indonesia
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Ratu Hemas|Tatiek Drajad Supriastuti]]|1971}}
| issue        = {{ubl|[[Princess Mangkubumi|Crown Princess Mangkubumi]]|Princess Candrakirana|Princess Maduretno|[[Princess Hayu]]|Princess Bendara}}
| full name    = Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Sri Sultan Hamengkubawana Ingkang Jumeneng Kasepuluh Suryaning Mataram Senapati Ing Ngalaga Langgenging Bawana Langgeng Langgenging Tata Panatagama Ing Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
| house        = [[Hamengkubuwono]]
| father       = [[Hamengkubuwono IX]]
| mother       = Windyaningrum
| signature    = Sign sultan hamengkubuwono X.png
}}

{{Yogyakarta Royal Family}}
[[Shri#South and Southeast Asia|Sri]] [[Sultan]] '''Hamengkubawono X''' ([[Javanese language|Javanese]]: {{lang|jv-Java|ꦯꦿꦶꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦡꦟ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦮꦟ꧇꧑꧐꧇}}, also spelled as '''Hamengkubawana X''', often abbreviated as '''HB X'''; born '''Bendara Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito''', 2 April 1946) is the [[Sultan]] of the historic [[Yogyakarta Sultanate]] in [[Indonesia]] and is currently also the [[Governor]] of the modern [[Yogyakarta Special Region]] ({{lang|id|Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta}}).<ref name="prov">{{cite web|url=https://jogjaprov.go.id/profil/9-profil-gubernur-diy|access-date=2021-12-22|title=Profil Gubernur DIY|website=jogyaprov.go.id|archive-date=22 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222012240/https://jogjaprov.go.id/profil/9-profil-gubernur-diy|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Gubernur_Yogyakarta,_Hamengkubawana_X_(2020).jpg|thumb|Official portrait as a governor of Yogyakarta, 2022]]

Hamengkubawono X succeeded his father, [[Hamengkubuwono IX]], as the Sultan of Yogyakarta when Hamengkubuwono IX died on 3 October 1988. Hamengkubuwono X was formally installed as Sultan on 7 March 1989. However, the position of the Governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region did not go to Hamengkubuwono X. Vice Governor [[Sri Paku Alam VIII]], prince of the subordinate enclave of [[Paku Alaman]] within Yogyakarta was instead controversially elevated to the position of governor. This was contrary to the agreement made at the independence of Indonesia in recognition of Hamengkubuwono IX's support and role in the [[Indonesian National Revolution|Indonesian War of Independence]]. Under the agreement, the Sultan holds the position of governor in the Yogyakarta Special Region, and the Paku Alam holds the position of vice governor.

On 30 August 2012, following a decade of talks between Yogyakarta and the central government, the [[People's Consultative Assembly|national legislature of Indonesia]] formally enshrined in law the convention that the Sultan inherited the position of governor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2012/09/yogyakartas-sultans |title= Yogyakarta's sultans – Carrying on|last1= N.O. |date=2012-09-06 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]|access-date=2014-12-08}}</ref>

==Background==
Hamengkubuwono X was a graduate of Public Administration at the [[Faculty of Law, Gadjah Mada University|Faculty of Law]] of [[Gadjah Mada University]] in [[Yogyakarta (city)|Yogyakarta]].<ref name="prov"/> He was active as Chairman of the [[Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] of the Special Region of Yogyakarta,<ref name="prov"/> Chairman of the Sports Committee of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, chairman and managing director of PT Punokawan Construction,<ref name="prov"/> President of the PG Madukismo Commissioner, and in July 1996 was appointed Chairman of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Expert Counsel to the Governor.

Hamengkubuwono X followed the tradition of his late father Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX in the spirit of Indonesian nationalism over self-interest by participating in street protests in support of the [[May 1998 riots of Indonesia|May 1998 student demonstrations]] opposing [[New Order (Indonesia)|Suharto's rule]], and like his illustrious father, wanted to be a pioneer in the Yogyakarta Reformation Movement albeit in a non-violent manner. He was also one of the four key figures in the early reform period that sparked the Ciganjur Declaration urging the government to hold elections as soon as possible, because President [[B. J. Habibie]] had neither [[constitution]]al nor legal rights to take over the presidency of Suharto who had just resigned.

Hamengkubuwono X has stated his vision for his region and the Sultanate are the development of science and technology, development of agriculture, tourism and world-famous cultural industries and thus provide a fair and prosperous life to all his citizens. He was nominated by popular choice, to the [[Golkar]] Yogyakarta Assembly as a presidential candidate for the [[2009 Indonesian presidential election]] campaign. Hamengkubuwono X, though widely respected across all parties and nationwide as neutral, honest and uncorrupted was ultimately unsuccessful in garnering support outside [[Central Java]] and was unsuccessful to attain a first-round voting position.

In 2010, he formed Nasional Demokrat together with [[Surya Paloh]] which later became the [[NasDem Party]]. Hamengkubuwono X later left the organization prior to the political inception, unhappy with its transformation into a political party.

==Personal life==
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Inhuldiging van Sultan Hamengku Buwana X in de kraton met naast hem de Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas TMnr 20018311.jpg|thumb|Coronation of Hamengkubuwono X and Hemas in 1989|alt=|left]]Hamengkubuwono X has discontinued the [[polygamist]] tradition of [[Javanese people|Javanese]] monarchs having several wives and possibly multiple [[concubine]]s, as per his late father's wishes to modernize the royal system. He is married to [[Ratu Hemas|Queen Hemas]]. Together they have five daughters, [[Princess Mangkubumi|Crown Princess Mangkubumi]], Princess Condrokirono, Princess Maduretno, [[Princess Hayu]], and Princess Bendoro. His decision to appoint his eldest daughter as [[heir presumptive]] ended the previously [[agnatic primogeniture]] succession and has become subject to controversies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-06-11|title=The Sultan's coup|url=https://www.newmandala.org/the-sultans-coup/|access-date=2022-01-29|website=New Mandala|language=en-AU}}</ref>

Hamengkubuwono X resides in the [[Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat|Keraton Yogyakarta]] complex and uses the Governor's mansion solely for political affairs.

==Family==

Source:<ref name="prov" />

===Parents===
'''Father''' — '''Sri Sultan [[Hamengkubuwono IX]]'''

'''Mother''' — '''Raden Ajeng Siti Kustina''' (Bandara Raden Ayu Widyaningrum/Kanjeng Raden Ayu Widyaningrum/Raden Ayu Adipati Anum)

===Consort and Issue===

* '''Queen [[Ratu Hemas|Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas]]''' (born Tatiek Drajad Suprihastuti, then Bandara Raden Ayu Mangkubumi; daughter of Colonel [[Raden Subanadigda Sastrapranata]])
** '''Crown Princess [[Princess Mangkubumi|Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Mangkubumi Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana Langgeng ing Mataram]]''' (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurmalita Sari, then Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Pembayun; 24 February 1972), married [[Prince Wironegoro|Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Wironegoro]] on 28 May 2002 and have issue; one daughter and one son.
** '''[[Princess Condrokirono|Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Condrokirono]]''' (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurmagupita; 2 February 1975), married [[Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Suryokusumo]] on December and divorced in 2007. They have one son.
** '''[[Princess Maduretno|Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Maduretno]]''' (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurkamnari Dewi; 12 April 1978), married [[Prince Purbodiningrat|Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Purbodiningrat]] on 9 May 2008
** '''[[Princess Hayu|Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hayu]]''' (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurabra Juwita; 24 December 1983), married [[Prince Notonegoro|Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Notonegoro]] on 22 October 2013 and have two sons.
** '''[[Princess Bendara|Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Bendoro]]''' (born Gusti Raden Ajeng Nurastuti Wijareni; 18 September 1986), married [[Prince Yudanegara|Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Yudanegara]] on 18 October 2011 and have issue; one daughter and one son.
**
**

===Siblings===
* '''[[:id:Joyokusumo|Gusti Bendara Pangeran Haryo Joyokusumo]]'''
* '''[[:id:Hadiwinoto|Gusti Bendara Pangeran Haryo Hadiwinoto]]'''
* '''[[:id:Prabukusuma|Gusti Bendara Pangeran Haryo Prabukusuma]]'''
* '''[[:id:Yudhaningrat|Gusti Bendara Pangeran Haryo Yudhaningrat]]'''

==Titles and honours==
{{Infobox royal styles
|royal name  = Hamengkubuwono X
|image  = 
|dipstyle  = His Majesty
|offstyle  = Your Majesty
|altstyle  = ''Ngarso Dalem''}}
=== Titles ===
In Javanese [[Kraton (Indonesia)|Kraton]] (palaces) [[Javanese names|names]] of individuals change with respect to change in status:
* From birth until marriage                          : ''Bendoro Raden Mas'' Herjuno Darpito
* Post-nuptial until appointment as ''Crown Prince'' : Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya (KGPH) Mangkubumi
* As [[Heir Apparent]] Crown Prince''                : Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Anom (KGPAAn) Hamengku Negara Sudibya Raja Putra Nalendra Mataram.''
* As Sultan                                          : ''Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kangjeng Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono Senapati ing Ngalogo Ngabdurrokhman Sayidin Panatagama Khalifatullah ingkang jumeneng kaping X''<ref name="prov"/>

[[File:Pengucapan sumpah HB X sebagai Gubernur DIY.jpg|thumb|Swearing HB X as Governor of SR of Yogyakarta (1998)]]
His style and title in full English                  : '''''His Majesty The Sultan Hamengkubuwono the Tenth, Commander-in-chief in war, Servant of the Most Gracious, Cleric and Caliph that Safeguards the Religion'''''<ref name="Deplu 1968">{{cite book |last1=Indonesia Departemen Luar Negeri Direktorat |title=Documenta diplomatica |date=1968 |publisher=Departemen Luar Negeri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_UA8AAAAMAAJ&q=%22his+highness+sri+sultan%22 |accessdate=17 September 2018 |language=id}}</ref><!-- defined by:Template:Yogyakarta Royal Family --><ref name="Overseas trading 1971">{{cite book |title=Overseas Trading |date=1971 |publisher=Department of Commerce and Agriculture. |location=Australia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qlbyAAAAMAAJ&q=%22his+highness+sri+sultan%22 |accessdate=17 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref><!-- defined by:Template:Yogyakarta Royal Family -->

== Honours ==
===National===
*{{flag|Indonesia}}:
** [[File:Bintang Mahaputera Utama rib.svg|60px]] [[Star of Mahaputera]] (3rd Class) ({{langx|id|[[:id:Bintang Mahaputera Utama|Bintang Mahaputera Utama]]}}) (2007)
** [[File:Satyalancana Karya Satya.gif|60px]] [[Civil Servants' Long Service Medal]], ({{langx|id|[[:id:Satyalancana Karya Satya|Satyalancana Karya Satya]]}}) (30 years) 
** [[File:Satyalancana Karya Satya.gif|60px]] [[Civil Servants' Long Service Medal]], ({{langx|id|[[:id:Satyalancana Karya Satya|Satyalancana Karya Satya]]}}) (20 years) 
** [[File:Satyalancana Karya Satya.gif|60px]] [[Civil Servants' Long Service Medal]], ({{langx|id|[[:id:Satyalancana Karya Satya|Satyalancana Karya Satya]]}}) (10 years)
** [[File:Satyalancana Pembangunan.gif|60px]] [[Medal for Contributing in the National Development]], ({{langx|id|[[:id:Satyalancana Pembangunan|Satyalancana Pembangunan]]}}) 
** [[File:Satyalancana Wira Karya rib.svg|60px]] [[Medal for Providing an Example of Meritorious Personality]], ({{langx|id|[[:id:Satyalancana Wira Karya|Satyalancana Wira Karya]]}}) 
** [[File:Satyalancana Kebhaktian Sosial.gif|60px]] [[Medal for Service in the Field of Social Welfare]], ({{langx|id|[[:id:Satyalancana Kebaktian Sosial|Satyalancana Kebaktian Sosial]]}})
** [[File:Lencana_Melati_-_Gerakan_Pramuka.png|60px]] [[Badge of Melati]] 
** [[File:Lencana_Darma_Bakti_-_Gerakan_Pramuka.png|60px]] [[Badge of Dharma Bhakti]]
** [[File:Pita_Harian_Lencana_Pancawarsa_IV_-_Gerakan_Pramuka.png|60px]] [[Badge of Pancawarsa IV]]
** [[File:Pita Harian Lencana Pancawarsa VII - Gerakan Pramuka.png|60px]] [[Badge of Pancawarsa VII]]

===Foreign honours===
*{{flag|Austria}}
**[[File:AUT Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria - 2nd Class BAR.svg|60px]] Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash of the [[:en:Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria|Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]] - 1996<ref name="recipients">{{cite web|url=https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf|title=Eingelangt am 23.04.2012 : Dieser Text wurde elektronisch übermittelt. Abweichungen vom Original sind möglich. Bundeskanzler Anfragebeantwortung|website=Parlament.gv.at|access-date=10 February 2019}}</ref>
*{{flag|Japan}}: 
**[[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 2Class BAR.svg|60px]] [[Order of the Rising Sun]], Gold and Silver Star - 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/rwthofficial/status/1549959480036585474 |title=#Yogyakarta's Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X received the Order of the Rising Sun from the Emperor of #Japan from his contribution in promoting Indonesian-Japanese culture at the Japanese Ambassador's Official Residence #Jakarta.|website=Twitter.com|access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref>
*{{flag|Netherlands}}:
**[[File:Order of Orange-Nassau ribbon - Knight Grand Cross Ribbon.png|60px]] Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]]

===Honorary degree===
Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, University of Tasmania, Australia (2015) <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/887278/Annual-Report-2015.pdf |website=Annual Report 2015 |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=13 July 2023|title=Annual Report 2015 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Indonesia|Monarchy}}
*[[List of Sunni Muslim dynasties]]
*[[Kejawèn|Kejawèn religion]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080604105615/http://www.yogyes.com/en/tour-de-djokdja/3/sri-sultan-hamengku-buwono-x/ YogYes Official Yogyakarta Tourism website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081207000709/http://www.hb-x.com/ Official Website for Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080309042328/http://www-cgi.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/99/0319/nat4.html AsiaWeek - The sultan of Yogyakarta is a modern reformer]
*[http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sri-sultan-hb-x/index.shtml In Indonesian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060302070600/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/s/sri-sultan-hb-x/index.shtml |date=2 March 2006 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Hamengkubuwono|House of Hamengkubuwono]]|2 April|1946|||[[House of Mataram]]|name=Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Paku Alam VIII]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Yogyakarta|Governor of Yogyakarta]]|years=1998–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hamengkubuwono IX]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Hamengkubuwono|Sultan of Yogyakarta]]|years=1989–present}}
{{s-inc|heir=[[Princess Mangkubumi|Mangkubumi]]|heir-type=Heir presumptive}}
{{s-end}}

{{Current Governors of Indonesian Provinces}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamengkubuwono 10}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Yogyakarta]]
[[Category:Sultans of Yogyakarta]]
[[Category:Governors of Yogyakarta]]
[[Category:Gadjah Mada University alumni]]
[[Category:Golkar politicians]]
[[Category:Indonesian royalty]]
[[Category:Javanese people]]
[[Category:Sons of sultans]]