View source for Functional urban area

{{Short description|Measure of metropolitan and surrounding areas}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
[[File:City and related typologies – an example for Milano.png|thumb|right|Illustration showing the difference between the ''city'', the '''functional urban area''' ([[Milan metropolitan area]]), and the ''metropolitan region'' of [[Milan]].]]
[[File:Figure 7.5 DEGURBA2021.png|thumb|right|Illustration of the delimitation process for the functional urban area (red outline) of [[Genoa]] (red fill) and its commuting zone (pink fill).]]
The '''functional urban area''' ('''FUA'''), previously known as '''larger urban zone''' ('''LUZ'''),<ref name="luz">{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Territorial_typologies_manual_-_cities,_commuting_zones_and_functional_urban_areas#Changes_to_the_typology_over_time | title=Territorial typologies manual - cities, commuting zones and functional urban areas | publisher=[[Eurostat]] |quote="Within the Urban Audit, (...) functional urban areas were previously referred to as ‘larger urban zones’."}}</ref> is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan and surrounding areas which may or may not be exclusively urban.<ref>[http://www.eurometrex.org/Docs/METRO-D/7B-Position-on-Cohesion.pdf Position Statement on Cohesion Policy 2014–2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702212803/http://www.eurometrex.org/Docs/METRO-D/7B-Position-on-Cohesion.pdf |date=2 July 2015 }}, EuroMETREX. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> It consists of a city and its commuting zone,<ref name="fua">{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Archive:European_cities_%E2%80%93_the_EU-OECD_functional_urban_area_definition | title=European cities – the EU-OECD functional urban area definition | publisher=[[Eurostat]]}}</ref> which is a contiguous area of spatial units that have at least 15% of their employed residents working in the city.<ref>{{cite book |author=European Union/FAO/UN-Habitat/OECD/The World Bank |date=2021 |doi=10.2785/706535 |isbn=978-92-76-20306-3 |language=en |location=Luxembourg |page=52 |publisher=Publications Office of the European Union |title=Applying the Degree of Urbanisation — A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons — 2021 edition |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/15348338/KS-02-20-499-EN-N.pdf/0d412b58-046f-750b-0f48-7134f1a3a4c2?t=1669111363941}}</ref>

The FUA represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the [[metropolitan area]]. Eurostat's objective was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanaudit.org/help.aspx |title=What is the Urban Audit?  |website=Urban Audit |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212235821/http://www.urbanaudit.org/help.aspx |archive-date=2009-02-12 }}</ref> To ensure a good data availability, Eurostat adjusts the FUA boundaries to administrative boundaries that approximate the functional urban area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Territorial_typologies_manual_-_cities,_commuting_zones_and_functional_urban_areas#Changes_to_the_typology_over_time | title=Territorial typologies manual - cities, commuting zones and functional urban areas | publisher=[[Eurostat]] |quote=The main building blocks are data for 1 km² population grid cells. […] The typology for functional urban areas is established at the level of local administrative units (LAUs). Once all grid cells have been classified and urban centres identified, the next step concerns overlaying these results onto LAUs […]}}</ref>

== History ==

The definition was introduced under the name ''Larger urban zone'' (''LUZ'') in 2004 by [[Eurostat]], the statistical agency of the [[European Union]] (EU), in agreement with the national statistics offices in the member states.<ref name="urbanaudit">{{cite web|publisher = Eurostat|year = 2006|url = http://www.urbanaudit.org|title = City statistics – Urban audit|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206144738/http://urbanaudit.org/|archive-date = 6 February 2009}}</ref><ref name="wrongc">{{cite news|publisher = Dr. Berthold Feldmann, Eurostat|date = March 2006|url = http://www.urbanaudit.org/MarchMeetingResources/UA%20day_Eurostat%20focus.ppt#1|title = The shift of Eurostat to Urban Statistics|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060920020445/http://www.urbanaudit.org/MarchMeetingResources/UA%20day_Eurostat%20focus.ppt#1|archive-date = 20 September 2006}}</ref> Eurostat data is provided only for zones in the EU countries, [[Future enlargement of the European Union|candidate countries]] and [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] countries. Several cities were excluded by definition from the 2004 list of LUZs on technical, definitional grounds, such as the coincidence of the metropolitan area with the urban zone.<ref>{{cite web |title=Résumé statistique (Marseille-Aix-en-Provence) |url=http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094822/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999003.pdf |archive-date=27 July 2011 |website=www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999004.pdf |access-date=19 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094843/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999004.pdf |archive-date=27 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999006.pdf |access-date=19 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094905/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999006.pdf |archive-date=27 July 2011 }}</ref>

In 2006 LUZ definitions were changed significantly, improving the comparability of LUZ definitions across different countries, and allowing for almost all cities to be included.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}

In 2011, the [[European Commission]] has developed a new definition of LUZ in cooperation with the [[OECD]].<ref>{{cite report |author=Lewis Dijkstra, Hugo Poelman |date=2012-03-01 |title=Cities in Europe - The new OECD-EC definition |url=https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/focus/2012_01_city.pdf |page=2 |access-date=2024-06-08 |quote=Until recently, there was no harmonised definition of ‘a city’ for European and other countries member of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This undermined the comparability, and thus also the credibility, of cross-country analysis of cities. To resolve this problem, the OECD and the European Commission developed a new definition of a city and its commuting zone in 2011. […] Each city is part of its own commuting zone or a polycentric commuting zone covering multiple cities. These commuting zones are significant, especially for larger cities. The cities and commuting zones together (called Larger Urban Zones) account for 60 % of the EU population.}}</ref> The term ''Larger urban zone'' (''LUZ'') was later renamed as the ''Functional urban area'' (''FUA'').<ref name="luz"/>

In 2020, the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]], the [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme]], the [[International Labour Organization]], and the [[World Bank]] have also adopted the Functional urban area as their definition for delimitation of metropolitan areas.<ref>{{cite book |author=European Union/FAO/UN-Habitat/OECD/The World Bank |date=2021 |doi=10.2785/706535 |isbn=978-92-76-20306-3 |language=en |location=Luxembourg |page=3 |publisher=Publications Office of the European Union |title=Applying the Degree of Urbanisation — A methodological manual to define cities, towns and rural areas for international comparisons — 2021 edition |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/15348338/KS-02-20-499-EN-N.pdf/0d412b58-046f-750b-0f48-7134f1a3a4c2?t=1669111363941}}<!-- auto-translated from Polish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

==List of functional urban areas by population as of 2017==

{{Duplication|section=yes|dupe=List of metropolitan areas in Europe}}

This is a list of functional urban areas by population as of 2017. The 2004 Urban Audit also includes cities from [[EFTA]] countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) and EU candidate countries, although the only candidate country for which there is available data is Turkey. Some cities, including Marseille, Lille, Nice, Cordoba, Badajoz, Toulon and Montpellier were excluded from the 2004 list on technical, definitional grounds, such as the coincidence of the metropolitan area with the urban zone.

{{legend|#cfecec|Areas outside of the [[European Union]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Rank || Functional urban area || Country || Population || Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|1
|[[Paris]]
|{{flagcountry|France}} 
| 13,998,000
| 12,079.87<ref name=luz01/>
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|2
|[[Istanbul]]
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
| 11,154,928
|
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|3
|[[London]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 10,345,124
| 8,900<ref name=luz01/>
|-
|4
|[[Madrid]] 
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
| 5,804,829
| 8,022
|-
|5
|[[Ruhr Area]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 5,302,179
| 4,435
|-
|6
|[[Berlin]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 4,971,331
| 17,385
|-
|7
|[[Naples]] 
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
| 4,475,682
| 564.95
|-
|8
|[[Barcelona]] 
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
| 4,233,638
| 1,796.64
|-
|9
|[[Athens]] 
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
| 4,013,368
| 3,806.92
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|10
|[[Ankara]] 
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
| 3,736,359
| 
|-
|11
|[[Rome]] 
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
| 3,457,690
| 3,666.66
|-
|12
|[[Hamburg]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 3,134,620
| 7,304
|-
|12
|[[Milan]] 
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
| 3,076,643
| 1,348.32
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|13
|[[City of Manchester|Manchester]] 
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 2,948,633
| 1,280
|-
|14
|[[Katowice metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
| 2,710,397
| 2,650.65
|-
|15
|[[Stuttgart]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 2,663,660
| 3,654
|-
|16
|[[Warsaw]] 
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
| 2,631,710
| 5,201.72
|-
|17
|[[Munich]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 2,531,706
| 5,504
|-
|18
|[[Frankfurt]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 2,517,561
| 4,305
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|19
|[[İzmir]] 
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
| 2,459,474
| 
|-
|20
|[[Lisbon]] 
|{{flagcountry|Portugal}}
| 2,435,837
| 1,432.49
|-
|21
|[[Budapest]] 
|{{flagcountry|Hungary}}
| 2,393,846
| 2,538<ref name=luz01/>
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|22
|[[City of Leeds|Leeds]] 
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 2,393,300
| 5,114<ref name=luz01/>
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|23
|[[Birmingham]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 2,357,100
| 1,598
|-
|24
|[[Vienna]] 
|{{flagcountry|Austria}}
| 2,179,769
| 4,610.93<ref name=luz01/>
|-
|25
|[[Bucharest]] 
|{{flagcountry|Romania}}
| 2,140,194
| 662
|-
|26
|[[Prague]] 
|{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
| 1,964,750
| 6,977<ref name=luz01/>
|-
|27
|[[Cologne]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 1,873,580
| 1,626
|-
|28
|[[Stockholm]] 
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
| 1,860,872
| 6,519
|-
|29
|[[Copenhagen]] 
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
| 1,806,667<ref name=luz01>Data for 2001 (2004 data not yet available)</ref>
| 2,759<ref name=luz01/>
|-
|30
|[[Brussels]] 
|{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
| 1,800,663
| 1,613.91
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|31
|[[Glasgow]] 
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 1,747,100
| 3,346
|-
|32
|[[Turin]] 
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
| 1,745,221
| 1,878.97
|-
|33
|[[Lyon]] 
|{{flagcountry|France}}
| 1,717,300
| 5,997.68<ref name=luz01/>
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|34
|[[Belgrade]]
|{{flagcountry|Serbia}}
| 1,683,962
| 514
|-
|35
|[[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]] 
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
| 1,564,145
| 1,440.58
|-
|36
|[[Dublin]] 
|{{Flag|Republic of Ireland}}
| 1,535,446<ref name=luz01/>
| 
|-
|37
|[[Düsseldorf]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 1,525,029
| 1,201
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|38
|[[Bursa]] 
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
| 1,474,482
| 
|-
|39
|[[Amsterdam]] 
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
| 1,443,258
| 859.28
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|40
|[[Adana]] 
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
| 1,394,130
| 
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|41
|[[Liverpool]] 
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 1,365,900
| 821
|-
|42
|[[Bielefeld]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 1,297,876
| 2,921
|-
|43
|[[Hanover]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 1,294,447
| 2,966
|-
|44
|[[Nuremberg]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 1,288,797
| 2,934
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|45
|[[Sheffield]] 
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 1,277,100
| 1,846
|-
|46
|[[Kraków]] 
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
| 1,264,322
| 2,988.65
|-
|47
|[[Sofia]] 
|{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
| 1,263,807<ref name=luz01/>
| 3,424.2<ref name=luz01/>
|-
|48
|[[Seville]] 
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
| 1,249,346
| 3,081.9
|-
|49
|[[Bremen]] 
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 1,249,291
| 5,885
|-
|50
|[[Helsinki]] 
|{{flagcountry|Finland}}
| 1,224,107
| 2,969.94
|-
|51
|[[Rotterdam]] 
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
| 1,186,818
| 611.75
|-
|52
|[[Łódź]] 
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
| 1,163,516
| 2,857.51
|-
|53
|[[Ostrava]] 
|{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
| 1,153,876
| 3,889.6<ref name=luz01/>
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|54
|[[Zürich]] 
|{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
| 1,110,478
| 1,086.14
|-
|55
|[[Tricity, Poland|Tricity]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
| 1,105,203
| 3,457.32
|-
|56
|[[Porto]] 
|{{flagcountry|Portugal}}
| 1,099,040
| 562.32
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|57
|[[Oslo]] 
|{{flagcountry|Norway}}
| 1,090,513
| 6,920
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|58
|[[Newcastle upon Tyne]] 
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 1,055,600
| 3,385
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|59
|[[Gaziantep]] 
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
| 1,052,795
| 
|-
|60
|[[Toulouse]] 
|{{flagcountry|France}}
| 1,052,497
| 4,706.93<ref name=luz01/>
|-
|61
|[[Wrocław]] 
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
| 1,031,439
| 4,582.2
|-
|62
|[[Poznań]] 
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
| 1,018,511
| 3,719.2
|-
|63
|[[Gothenburg]] 
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
| 1,015,974
| 3,694.86
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|64
|[[Bristol#Bristol conurbation|Bristol]] 
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 1,006,600
| 1,635
|-
|65
|[[Riga]] 
|{{flagcountry|Latvia}}
| 1,003,949
| 5,382.5
|}

===List of functional urban areas===

This is a list of functional urban areas. The Urban Audit also includes cities from [[EFTA]] countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland) and EU candidate countries. The [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) uses a similar definition of Functional Urban Area to represent population sizes of cities in OECD countries.<ref name="OECD Populations in cities">{{cite web|url=http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?Datasetcode=CITIES# |title=OECD Populations in cities| publisher=OECD| access-date=2 April 2017}}</ref> This data is also included.

The figures in the Eurostat database are an attempt at a compromise between harmonised data for all of the European Union, and with availability of statistical data, making comparisons more accurate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityCountryPDFLongList.aspx |title=Urban Audit Database |publisher=Urbanaudit.org |access-date=2011-04-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523080414/http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityCountryPDFLongList.aspx |archive-date=23 May 2011 }}</ref>

{{legend|#cfecec|Areas outside of the [[European Union]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Functional urban area
!Country
!OECD Population (2014) <ref name="OECD Populations in cities"/>
!Eurostat Population (2006)<ref>[[European Spatial Planning Observation Network]], [http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf |date=24 September 2015 }}, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007)</ref>
!Eurostat Population (2016)<ref>http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[Amsterdam metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|{{nts|2452659}}
|{{nts|2497000}}{{efn|name=randstad|Part of the [[Randstad]] polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and [[Utrecht]] (982,000). The total population of the region is 7,100,000.}}
|{{nts|2771661}}
|-
|[[Antwerp]]
|{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|{{nts|1081904}}
|{{nts|1406000}}{{efn|name=flemishdiamond}}
|{{nts|1100139}}
|-
|[[Athens]]
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|{{nts|3535055}}
|{{nts|3761000}}
|{{nts|3863763}}
|-
|[[Barcelona metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|3846697}}
|{{nts|4082000}}{{efn|Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of [[Mataro]] (169,000) is included.}}
|{{nts|5445616}}
|-
|[[Berlin]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|4399542}}
|{{nts|4016000}}
|{{Nts|5005216}}
|-
|[[Bilbao]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|1013805}}
|{{nts|947000}}
|{{Nts|1025109}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Birmingham]] ([[West Midlands conurbation|West Midlands]])
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1957078}}
|{{nts|3701107}}
|{{nts|2332629}}
|-
|[[Bordeaux]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|1175699}}
|{{ntsh|0}}No data
|{{nts|1244264}}
|-
|[[Bremen]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|1027192}}
|{{nts|1077000}}
|{{nts|1244363}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Bristol#Bristol conurbation|Bristol]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|836621}}
|{{nts|1041000}}
|{{nts|1090080}}
|-
|[[Brussels-Capital Region]]
|{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|{{nts|2588102}}
|{{nts|2639000}}{{efn|name=flemishdiamond|The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.}}
|{{nts|2625525}}
|-
|[[Bucharest metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Romania}}
|{{nts|2402530}}
|{{nts|2158558}}
|{{nts|2403107}}
|-
|[[Budapest metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Hungary}}
|{{nts|2879601}}
|{{nts|2523000}}
|{{nts|2993948}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Cardiff]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|664861}}
|{{nts|1097000}}
|{{nts|1085526}}
|-
|[[Copenhagen]]
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|{{nts|2025171}}
|{{nts|1881000}}{{efn|Part of the wider [[Öresund region]], which includes the Swedish metropolitan area of Malmö (961,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.}}
|{{nts|1893010}}
|-
|[[Dublin Metropolitan Area]]
|{{Flag|Ireland}}
|{{nts|1836119}}
|{{nts|1261332}}
|{{nts|1263035}}
|-
|[[Frankfurt Rhein-Main Regional Authority|Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Region]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|2533311}}
|{{nts|2764000}}{{efn|Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of [[Darmstadt]] (501,000), [[Wiesbaden]] (453,000), and [[Mainz]] (431,000).}}
|{{nts|2573745}}
|-
|[[Gdańsk]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|1105467}}
|{{ntsh|0}}No data
|{{nts|1141954}}{{efn|2014 data}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Greater Glasgow]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|967101}}
|{{nts|1395000}}
|{{nts|1789003}}
|-
|[[Metropolitan Gothenburg]]
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|{{nts|1015974}}
|{{ntsh|0}}No data
|{{nts|1006548}}{{efn|2017 data}}
|-
|[[The Hague]]
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|{{nts|906897}}
|{{nts|1404000}}{{efn|name=randstad}}
|{{nts|1070027}}
|-
|[[Hamburg Metropolitan Region]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|3008841}}
|{{nts|2983000}}
|{{nts|3173871}}
|-
|[[Hanover]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|1217511}}
|{{ntsh|0}}No data
|{{nts|1300687}}
|-
|[[Helsinki Metropolitan Area]]
|{{flagcountry|Finland}}
|{{nts|1498050}}
|{{nts|1285000}}
|{{nts|1532309}}
|-
|[[Katowice metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|2589349}}
|{{nts|3029000}}{{efn|Part of the polycentric Upper Silesian urban region with a total population of 5,294,000. The region additionally includes the metropolitan areas of [[Ostrava]] (1,046,000), [[Bielsko-Biala]] (584,000) and Rybnik (526,000).}}
|{{nts|2743929}}
|-
|[[Kraków metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|1362740}}
|{{nts|1236000}}
|{{nts|1276438}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[West Yorkshire]] ([[Leeds]] – [[Bradford]])
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1774552}}{{efn|Leeds and Bradford counted separately.}}
|{{nts|2302000}}
|{{nts|2238127}}
|-
|[[Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}/<br />{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|{{nts|1363465}}{{efn|Kortrijk not included.}}
|{{nts|1379000}}{{efn|Part of the wider Lille-[[Bassin Minier]] region with a total population of 3,115,000.}}
|{{nts|2572374}}
|-
|[[Lisbon metropolitan area]]
||{{flagcountry|Portugal}}
|{{nts|3039662}}
|{{nts|2791000}}
|{{nts|2839908}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Liverpool]]/[[Birkenhead]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|954181}}
|{{nts|2241000}}
|{{nts|1352000}}
|-
|[[Łódź]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|939568}}
|{{nts|1165000}}
|{{nts|1116660}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[London commuter belt|London metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|11701236}}
|{{nts|13109000}}
|{{nts|12250000}}
|-
|[[Lyon]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|1960847}}
|{{nts|1669000}}
|{{nts|2188759}}
|-
|[[Madrid metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|7079173}}
|{{nts|5263000}}
|{{nts|6378297}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Greater Manchester]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1935559}}
|{{nts|2556000}}
|{{nts|2615144}}
|-
|[[Mannheim]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|1230276}}
|{{ntsh|0}}No data
|{{nts|1172821}}
|-
|[[Marseille]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|1773503}}
|{{nts|1530000}}
|{{nts|1750885}}{{efn|2014 data}}
|-
|[[Milan metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|{{nts|4159854}}
|{{nts|4136000}}{{efn|Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 6,011,000.}}
|{{nts|4267946}}
|-
|[[Munich]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|2965871}}
|{{nts|2665000}}{{efn|When combined with the [[Augsburg]] metropolitan area (606,000), the region has a total population of 3,271,000.}}
|{{nts|2808581}}
|-
|[[Naples metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|{{nts|4475682}}
|{{nts|4654259}}{{efn|Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 3,714,000.}}
|{{nts|4127390}}
|-
|[[Nice]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|865195}}
|{{nts|1082000}}
|{{nts|1017307}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Nottingham]]-[[Derby]]
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|863918}}
|{{nts|1614000}}
|{{nts|1927550}}
|-
|[[Nuremberg Metropolitan Region]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|1169367}}
|{{nts|1443000}}
|{{nts|1301504}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Greater Oslo]]
|{{flagcountry|Norway}}
|{{nts|1299955}}
|{{nts|1037000}}
|{{nts|1144883}}
|-
|[[Ostrava]]
|{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
|{{nts|}} no data
|{{nts|}} no data
|{{nts|1,119,593}}{{efn|2015}}
|-
|[[Paris metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|12037889}}
|{{nts|13975000}}
|{{Nts|12824000}}
|-
|[[Metropolitan Area of Porto|Porto Metropolitan Area]]
|{{flagcountry|Portugal}}
|{{nts|1737829}}
|{{nts|1245000}}{{efn|Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.}}
|{{nts|1286111}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Portsmouth]]-[[Southampton]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|594455}}
|{{nts|1547000}}
|{{nts|1498402}}{{efn|Excludes Southampton}}
|-
|[[Prague]]
|{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}}
|{{nts|1910396}}
|{{nts|1669000}}
|{{nts|2,224,080}}{{efn|2015}}
|-
|Rhein-Nord{{efn|name=pc|Polycentric metropolitan area}} ([[Düsseldorf]] – [[Neuss]])
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|1427823}}{{efn|Excludes Neuss.}}
|{{nts|3073000}}{{efn|name=rheinruhr}}
|{{nts|1527176}}
|-
|Rhein-Süd{{efn|name=pc}} ([[Cologne/Bonn Region|Cologne – Bonn]])
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|1926073}}{{efn|Excludes Bonn which has a population of 750,370}}
|{{nts|3070000}}{{efn|name=rheinruhr|Part of the polycentric urban region of [[Rhein-Ruhr]], which has a total population of 12,190,000.}}
|{{nts|3023545}}{{efn|Excludes Bonn}}
|-
|[[Riga]]
|{{flagcountry|Latvia}}
|{{ntsh|0}}No data
|{{nts|1195000}}
|{{nts|1089767}}
|-
|[[Rome metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|{{nts|4149364}}
|{{nts|4353738}}
|{{nts|3700000}}
|-
|[[Rotterdam]]
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|{{nts|1509373}}
|{{nts|1904000}}{{efn|name=randstad}}
|{{nts|1818563}}
|-
|[[Ruhr area]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{ntsh|0}}No data{{efn|Essen, Bochum, and Dortmund counted separately.}}
|{{nts|5376000}}{{efn|name=rheinruhr}}
|{{nts|5045784}}
|-
|[[Saarbrücken]] – [[Forbach]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}/<br />{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|570479}}{{efn|Saarbrücken only}}
|{{nts|1102000}}
|{{nts|822128}}
|-
|[[Seville]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|1500644}}
|{{nts|1180000}}{{efn|Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of [[Utrera]] (82,000) is included.}}
|{{nts|1877060}}
|-
|[[Sofia]]
|{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
|{{ntsh|0}}No data
|{{nts|1260120}}
|{{nts|1543377 }}
|-
|[[Metropolitan Stockholm]]
|{{flagcountry|Sweden}}
|{{nts|2018208}}
|{{nts|2171000}}
|{{nts|2034354}}{{citation needed|date=March 2017}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[South Yorkshire]] ([[Sheffield]])
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|920128}}
|{{nts|1569000}}
|{{nts|1596298}}
|-
|[[Stuttgart Metropolitan Region]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|{{nts|1965942}}
|{{nts|2289000}}
|{{nts|2678795}}
|-
|[[Thessaloniki metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|{{nts|975439}}
|{{nts|1052000}}
|{{nts|1166914}}
|-
|[[Toulouse]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{nts|1309149}}
|{{ntsh|0}}No data
|{{nts|1388978}}
|-
|[[Turin metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|{{nts|1774507}}
|{{nts|1601000}}{{efn|Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan of [[Pinerolo]] is included.}}
|{{nts|2302353}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]-[[Sunderland]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|{{nts|1082729}}{{efn|Excludes Sunderland}}
|{{nts|1599000}}
|{{nts|1141879}}
|-
|[[Valencia (city in Spain)|Valencia]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|{{nts|1668153}}
|{{nts|1398000}}{{efn|Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of [[Sagunto]] is included.}}
|{{nts|2516818}}
|-
|[[Vienna]]
|{{flagcountry|Austria}}
|{{nts|2793631}}
|{{nts|2584000}}
|{{nts|2339807}}
|-
|[[Warsaw metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{nts|3037890}}
|{{nts|2785000}}
|{{nts|3304641}}
|-
|[[Zagreb]]
|{{flagcountry|Croatia}}
|{{ntsh|0}}No data
|{{nts|1107115}}
|{{nts|1123374}}
|- bgcolor="#cfecec"
|[[Zürich metropolitan area]]
|{{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
|{{nts|1246968}}
|{{nts|1615000}}
|{{nts|1984534}}
|}

==See also==
*[[List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits]]
*[[List of urban areas in the European Union]]
*[[List of metropolitan areas in Europe]]
*[[Largest metropolitan areas in the Nordic countries]]
*[[World's largest cities]]
*[[List of functional urban areas in New Zealand]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* GMES Urban Atlas: [http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/urban-atlas PDF files], [http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/urban-atlas ZIP files]
* [[OECD]]: [https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?fs%5B0%5D=Topic%2C1%7CRegions%2C%20cities%20and%20local%20areas%23GEO%23%7CCities%20and%20functional%20urban%20areas%23GEO_URB%23&pg=0&fc=Topic&bp=true&snb=17&df%5Bds%5D=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df%5Bid%5D=DSD_FUA_DEMO%40DF_AGE_SEX&df%5Bag%5D=OECD.CFE.EDS&df%5Bvs%5D=1.0 Population statistics on Cities and their FUAs]
* [[Eurostat]]: [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/product/view/urb_lpop1?category=urb.urb_luz Population statistics on functional urban areas]
* [[Eurostat]]: [http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/European_cities European cities]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120121192735/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tgs00080&plugin=1 Eurostat: Total population in Urban Audit cities, Larger Urban Zone]

{{European Union topics}}

[[Category:European Union-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of cities in Europe]]
[[Category:Urban planning by country]]
[[Category:Lists of metropolitan areas in Europe|*]]
[[Category:Metropolitan areas of the European Union]]