View source for EverLine

{{Short description|Automated people mover in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea}}{{Expand Korean|date=April 2023|topic=transp}}{{Infobox rail line
| box_width       = 22em
| color           = {{rcr|Seoul Metropolitan Subway|Everline}}
| name            = EverLine
| native_name     = {{Lang|ko|에버라인}}<br />''Everline''
| logo            = [[File:South Korea subway logo.svg|x40px]] [[File:Seoul Metro Line EverLine Bilingual.svg|x40px]]
| logo_alt        = 
| image           =  Yongin Everline Innovia ART Railcar.jpg
| image_width     = 
| image_alt       = 
| caption         = 
| type            = [[People mover]]
| system          = 
| status          = Operational
| locale          = 
| start           = Giheung
| end             = Jeondae - Everland
| stations        = 15
| routes          = 
| daily_ridership = 
| open            = {{start date|2013|04|26}}<ref name="simin">{{cite web|url=http://www.siminilbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=323811|script-title=ko:'용인 경전철' 오늘부터 달린다|publisher=Simin Ilbo|language=ko|date=April 25, 2013}}</ref>
| close           = 
| owner           = Yongin EverLine Co,. Ltd., [[Neo Trans]]
| operator        = 
| character       = 
| depot           = Samga
| stock           = 30 × [[Bombardier Innovia Metro|Bombardier Innovia ART 200]] Y100
| linelength      = {{convert|18.143|km|abbr=on}}
| tracklength     = 
| tracks          = 2
| gauge           = {{track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| load_gauge      = 
| minradius       = 
| routenumber     = 
| linenumber      = 
| electrification = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[Third rail]]
| speed           = {{convert|80|km/h|abbr=on}}
| signalling      = Bombardier [[Cityflo 650 CBTC|CITYFLO 650]] [[Communications-based train control|CBTC]]
| elevation       = 
| website         = 
| map             = 
| map_state       = collapsed
}}

The '''Yongin EverLine''' (or '''EverLine'''; {{Korean|hangul=에버라인}}, '''Yongin Light Rail Transit''') is a fully automated driverless {{Convert|18.1|km|mi|adj=on|sp=us}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Park |first1=Jin Young |last2=Mun |first2=Jinsu |date=2014 |title=Korea's Railway PPP (Public-Private Partnership) Projects |url=https://centers.ibs.re.kr/html/living_en/transport/KSP%2011%20Korea%C2%B4s%20Railway%20PPP%20Projects.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415061253/https://centers.ibs.re.kr/html/living_en/transport/KSP%2011%20Korea%C2%B4s%20Railway%20PPP%20Projects.pdf |archive-date=April 15, 2023 |access-date=November 28, 2024 |publisher=The Korea Transport Institute |isbn=978-89-5503-658-9}}</ref> people mover line in [[Yongin]], Gyeonggi Province, [[Seoul Metropolitan Area]] connecting [[Everland]], South Korea's most popular [[theme park]], to the [[Suin-Bundang Line]] of the [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]], a system which it is arguably a part of. The system is identical to the [[AirTrain JFK]] [[people mover]] and airport rail link in [[New York City]], using single-car [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]] [[Bombardier Innovia Metro|Advanced Rapid Transit]] vehicles<ref name="CBC">{{cite news |date=January 28, 2015 |title=Bombardier Transportation accused of corruption in South Korea |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bombardier-transportation-accused-of-corruption-in-south-korea-1.2935567 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917124452/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/bombardier-transportation-accused-of-corruption-in-south-korea-1.2935567 |archive-date=September 17, 2024 |access-date=January 31, 2015 |newspaper=[[CBC News]]}}</ref> controlled by Bombardier CITYFLO 650 automatic train control technology.

Planning for the line started in April 1996.<ref name=":0" /> Ground was broken for construction in November 2005. Starting in November 2009, the operating company conducted test runs of the trains. The opening was delayed several times but finally opened for service on April 26, 2013.<ref name="simin" /><ref>{{cite web |date=April 29, 2013 |title=YONGIN EVERLINE LRT: 5TH FULLY AUTOMATED METRO LINE IN SOUTH KOREA |url=http://metroautomation.org/yongin-everline-lrt-5th-fully-automated-metro-line-in-south-korea/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220101132/http://metroautomation.org/yongin-everline-lrt-5th-fully-automated-metro-line-in-south-korea/ |archive-date=December 20, 2023 |publisher=UITP}}</ref> A physical transfer to the (underground) Suin-Bundang line at [[Giheung Station]] opened on January 9, 2014 and a transfer discount to the line was introduced on September 20 of the same year.

It was scheduled to open on April 16, 2011, but it did not open due to noise complaints and safety issues related to facilities in some sections of the line, as well as conflicts between the construction company and Yongin City, the ultimate operator. The opening date was postponed indefinitely several times, but it was later resolved through arbitration by the International Court of Arbitration when Yongin City paid compensation to Yongin Light Rail, and it finally opened belatedly on April 26, 2013. The color used for guidance, etc. is lime green.

==Operation==
{{One source section
| date = November 2024
}}
Trains run every 6 minutes (9 minutes on Sundays and holidays). One-car trains are operated, a feature unique to this Advanced Rapid Transit (ART) system; trains can be lengthened to two cars if necessary, similar to the [[AirTrain JFK]]. Despite being a medium capacity system, at {{Convert|3.2|m|ftin|sp=us}},<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=차량도감 - 철도산업정보센터 |trans-title=Vehicle Guide |url=https://www.kric.go.kr/jsp/board/portal/sub02/rcd/railDogam6Detail.jsp?p_id=A030504001&seq=89 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Korea Railway Industry Information Center |language=ko}}</ref> they are ironically the widest trains in South Korea. Each car has a capacity of 133 passengers.<ref name=":3" />

==Stations==
All stations are in [[Yongin|Yongin-si]], [[Gyeonggi-do]]. The line is {{Convert|18.1|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=":0" />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Station<br />Number
! width="250pt" | Station Name<br />{{nobold|<small>English</small>}}
! width="150pt" | Station Name<br />{{nobold|<small>[[Hangul]]</small>}}
! width="150pt" | Station Name<br />{{nobold|<small>[[Hanja]]</small>}}
! width="100pt" | Transfer
! Distance<br />{{nobold|<small>in km</small>}}
! Total<br />Distance
! width="100pt" | Station Type
!Location
|- style="background:#{{rcr|Seoul Metropolitan Subway|Everline}}; height: 2pt"
| colspan="12" |
|-
| {{center|Y110}}
| [[Giheung Station|Giheung]] <br /><small>([[Giheung Station|Nam June Paik Art Center]])</small>
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:기흥역|기흥]]}} <br /><small>{{lang|ko|[[:ko:기흥역|(백남준아트센터)]]}}</small>
| {{linktext|器|興}} <br /><small>({{linktext|白|南|準}}아트센터)</small>
| {{rint|seoul|suin-bundang}}
| {{center|---}}
| {{center|0.000}}
| {{center|Elevated}}
| rowspan="6" width="75pt" | {{center|[[Giheung-gu]]}}
|-
| {{center|Y111}}
| [[Kangnam University Station|Kangnam University]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:강남대역|강남대]]}}
| {{linktext|江|南|大}}
| - 
| 1.044
| 1.044
|{{center|Ground level}}
|- 
| {{center|Y112}}
| [[Jiseok Station|Jiseok]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:지석역|지석]]}}
| {{linktext|支|石}}
| -
| 1.062
| 2.106
| rowspan="12" | {{center|Elevated}}
|-
| {{center|Y113}}
| [[Eojeong Station|Eojeong]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:어정역|어정]]}}
| {{linktext|御|停}}
| - 
| 0.918
| 3.024
|-
| {{center|Y114}}
| [[Dongbaek Station (Yongin)|Dongbaek]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:동백역 (용인)|동백]]}}
(용인세브란스병원)
| {{linktext|東|栢}}
| - 
| 1.185
| 4.209
|-
| {{center|Y115}}
| [[Chodang Station|Chodang]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:초당역|초당]]}}
| {{linktext|草|堂}}
| - 
| 1.097
| 5.306
|-
| {{center|Y116}}
| [[Samga Station|Samga]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:삼가역|삼가]]}}
| {{linktext|三|街}}
| - 
| 2.591
| 7.897
| rowspan="9" width="75pt" | {{center|[[Cheoin-gu]]}}
|-
| {{center|Y117}}
| [[City Hall–Yongin University Station|City Hall·Yongin University]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:시청·용인대역|시청·용인대]]}}
| {{linktext|市|廳}}·{{linktext|龍|仁|大}}
| -
| 1.045
| 8.942
|-
| {{center|Y118}}
| [[Myongji University Station|Myongji University]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:명지대역|명지대]]}}
| {{linktext|明|知|大}}
| - 
| 1.034
| 9.976
|-
| {{center|Y119}}
| [[Gimnyangjang Station|Gimnyangjang]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:김량장역|김량장]]}}
| {{linktext|金|良|場}}
| -
| 0.755
| 10.731
|-
| {{center|Y120}}
| [[Yongin Jungang Market Station|Yongin Jungang Market]] <br /><small>([[Yongin Jungang Market Station|Yongin Arts&Science Univ.]])</small>
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:용인중앙시장역|용인중앙시장]]}} <br /><small>([[:ko:용인중앙시장역|용인과학예술대]])</small>
| {{linktext|龍|仁|中|央|市|場}} <br /><small>({{linktext|龍|仁|藝|術|科|學|大}})</small>
| -
| 0.945
| 11.676
|-
| {{center|Y121}}
| [[Gojin Station|Gojin]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:고진역|고진]]}}
| {{linktext|古|陳}}
| -
| 0.935
| 12.611
|-
| {{center|Y122}}
| [[Bopyeong Station|Bopyeong]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:보평역|보평]]}}
| {{linktext|洑|坪}}
| -
| 1.750
| 14.361
|-
| {{center|Y123}}
| [[Dunjeon Station|Dunjeon]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:둔전역 (용인)|둔전]]}}
| {{linktext|屯|田}}
| -
| 1.027
| 15.388
|-
| {{center|Y124}}
| [[Jeondae–Everland Station|Jeondae·Everland]]
| {{lang|ko|[[:ko:전대·에버랜드역|전대·에버랜드]]}}
| {{linktext|前|垈}}·에버랜드
| -
| 2.626
| {{center|18.014}}
|{{center|Ground level}}
|- style="background:#{{rcr|Seoul Metropolitan Subway|Everline}}; height: 2pt"
| colspan="12" |
|}

== Ridership ==
Ridership was lower than expected on opening day; around 9,000 people per day in April 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2015 |title=[용인경전철 2년-상]하루 이용객 3만명 시대 명암 |trans-title=[Yongin Light Rail Transit 2-year-old] Contrast in the era of 30,000 daily passengers |url=http://www.newsis.com/ar_detail/view.html?ar_id=NISX20150417_0013606764&cID=10803&pID=10800 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714052058/http://www.newsis.com/ar_detail/view.html?ar_id=NISX20150417_0013606764&cID=10803&pID=10800 |archive-date=14 July 2015 |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=[[Newsis]]}}</ref> 

Daily ridership totals eventually grew to around 30,000 people by the middle of 2015.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-10 |title=PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTNERSHIP LEGAL RESOURCE CENTER |url=https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/transportation/yongin-everline-light-rail-transit-seoul-republic-korea |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTNERSHIP LEGAL RESOURCE CENTER |language=en}}</ref> The increase is touted to be the result of a fare integration program introduced on September 20, 2014.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Key Milestones |url=https://ever-line.co.kr/page/?m2_idx=28977 |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222002928/https://ever-line.co.kr/page/?m2_idx=28977 |archive-date=2024-02-22 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=ever-line.co.kr |language=ko}}</ref>

After a period of unstable patronage caused by the [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea|COVID-19 Pandemic]], daily ridership rose to 40,000 by May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jang |first=Byeong-geuk |date=2024-05-13 |title=용인에버라인, 하루평균 승객 4만명 넘어...개통 11년만 |url=https://www.redaily.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=7831 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128104243/https://www.redaily.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=7831 |archive-date=November 28, 2024 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Rail Economy News |language=ko}}</ref>

==Expansion==
There are plans to extend the line {{convert|6.8|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us|adj=on}} from Giheung Station to [[Gwanggyo station|Gwanggyo Station]] on the [[Shinbundang Line]].<ref>{{Cite web| title=(경기도 도시철도) 용인경전철 연장| publisher=Future Rail Database| date=December 9, 2011| url=http://frdb2.wo.to/944.htm| language=ko| access-date=November 12, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927184910/http://frdb2.wo.to/944.htm| archive-date=September 27, 2013| url-status=dead}}</ref>

Additionally, [[Neo Trans]], the operator of the [[Shinbundang Line]], took over operations in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.neotrans.kr/sub/company/company_menu03.jsp?tab=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228085111/http://www.neotrans.kr/sub/company/company_menu03.jsp?tab=2 |archive-date=February 28, 2024 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=www.neotrans.kr |language=ko}}</ref> Operation of the trains was transferred back to Yongin Light Rail Co., Ltd on August 1, 2023.<ref name=":2" />

==Controversy==

=== Ridership estimates ===
Initial forecasts from 2001 expected daily ridership to reach 140,000 people per day at the time of opening.<ref name=":0" /> However, later estimates revealed that this number would instead be closer to 32,000 riders per day due to the improvement of existing transportation options and construction delays on the [[Suin–Bundang Line]] at [[Giheung station]] (which would not open until 2011).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

As a result, the city government of Yongin was ordered to pay the consortium {{KRW|7.79 billion}} in compensation at the behest of the [[International Chamber of Commerce]].<ref name=":0" /> The city of Yongin and Yongin Light Rail Co., Ltd. re-negotiated a new operating contract in 2012, which required the city to pay approximately {{USD|20000000}} per year to cover for losses.<ref name=":1" />

=== Bombardier Transportation corruption allegations ===
{{main|Bombardier Transportation#Everline}}
South Korean authorities investigated possible corruption by [[Bombardier Transportation]] officials over the building of this line and concerns that ridership was exaggerated to have the technology preferentially chosen over other contenders. No charges were filed due to a lack of presented evidence and the case reaching its statute of limitation.<ref name="CBC"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://en.ever-line.co.kr/ Official Homepage] in English
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927011450/http://railnews.korail.go.kr/20051105/03728.html Korean National Railway press release]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927214615/http://frdb.new21.org/162.htm frdb.wo.to site's EverLine page (in Korean) including detailed information, maps and renderings]
* [https://decorehomes.com/ 신광교클라우드시티] Scheduled for August 2029
* [https://www.yongin.go.kr/ 용인시청] Yongin City Hall
* [https://www.suwon.go.kr/ 수원시청] Suwon City Hall

{{Future developments in Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do}}
{{Public transport in the Seoul Metropolitan  Area}}
{{South Korea rapid transit}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Everline Rapid Transit System}}
[[Category:Everline| ]]
[[Category:Yongin]]
[[Category:Linear motor metros]]
[[Category:Light rail in South Korea]]
[[Category:Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines]]
[[Category:750 V DC railway electrification]]