View source for Duke of Cleveland

{{Short description|English and British peerage}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name              = Dukedom of Cleveland
| image             = [[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|140px|centre]][[File:Arms of William Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland.svg |150px|centre]]
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = <div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
'''[[Blazon]]'''
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
'''Arms:''' Quarterly: 1st and 4th Grand-Quarters, Sable, three Swords in pile points downwards proper ''(Powlett)''; 2nd Grand-Quarters, Azure, three sinister Gaunlets Or ''(Vane)''; 3rd Grand-Quarters, grand-quarterly, 1st & 4th, Azure, three Fleurs-de-lis Or ''(France)''; 2nd & 3rd, Gules, three Lions Or, armed and langued Azure ''(England)''; 2nd grand-quarter, Or, a Lion rampant Gules, within a Double-Tressure flory counter-flory Gules ''(Scotland)''; 3rd grand-quarter, Azure, a Harp Or, stringed Argent (Ireland); charged at the centre point with a Baton Sinister Ermine (FitzRoy). '''Crests:''' 1st: a Dexter Gauntlet proper, bossed and rimmed Or, brandishing a Sword proper (Vane); 2nd: On a Chapeau Gules, turned up Ermine, a Lion passant guardant Or, gorged with a Collar compony Ermine and Azure, and crowned with a Ducal Coronet Gold ''(FitzRoy)''. '''Supporters:''' Dexter: A Lion Guardant Or, ducally crowned Azure, and gorged with a Collar compony Ermine and Azure. The 4th Duke’s arms are surrounded by the circlet of the [[Order of the Garter]]
</div>	
</div>
| creation_date     = 29 January 1833 
| creation          = Second 
| monarch           = [[William IV|King William IV]] 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland|William Vane, 1st Marquess of Cleveland]] 
| last_holder       = [[Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland]] 
| present_holder    =  
| heir_apparent     =  
| heir_presumptive  =  
| remainder_to      = 1st Duke's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten 
| subsidiary_titles = Marquess of Cleveland<br/>Earl of Darlington<br/>Earl of Chichester<br/>Viscount Barnard<br/>Baron Barnard<br/>Baron Raby<br/>Baron Newbury 
| status            = Extinct 
| extinction_date   = 21 August 1891 
| family_seat       =  
| former_seat       =  
| motto             = '''NEC TEMERE NEC TIMERE''' <br> ''(Neither rashly nor timidly)'' 
| footnotes         =  
}}

[[Image:Barbara Palmer (née Villiers), Duchess of Cleveland with her son, Charles Fitzroy, as Madonna and Child by Sir Peter Lely (2).jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland]], and her son [[Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland]]]]

'''Duke of Cleveland''' was a title that was created twice, once in the [[Peerage of England]] and once in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]]. The dukedoms were named after [[Cleveland, England|Cleveland]] in northern England.

The first creation in 1670 (along with the barony of Nonsuch and the earldom of Southampton) was for '''[[Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland|Barbara Castlemaine]]''', a mistress of [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]]. The dukedom was created with a special remainder allowing it to be inherited by her first son, [[Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland|Charles FitzRoy]], and his heirs male, then by her third son, [[George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]], both being her [[illegitimacy|illegitimate]] sons by Charles II. Charles FitzRoy was created [[Duke of Southampton]] in 1675 and inherited the dukedom of Cleveland in 1709.

His son William inherited both dukedoms in 1730. He died without heirs male in 1774. As there were no heirs male descended from [[George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]] and the 1st Duchess of Cleveland's 2nd son ([[Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Grafton]]) and his heirs male had not been made eligible to inherit the dukedom of Cleveland, the title became extinct.

The dukedom of Cleveland was created again on 29 January 1833 for '''William Vane, 3rd Earl of Darlington''', along with the title ''Baron Raby''.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=19013 |date=15 January 1833 |page=97}}</ref> He was a great-grandson of Charles FitzRoy, the second Duke of the first creation, and had already been created '''Marquess of Cleveland''' on 5 October 1827.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=18397 |date=18 September 1827 |page=1955}}</ref> For more information on this creation, which became extinct in 1891, and the Vane family, see the [[Baron Barnard]].

==Dukes of Cleveland, first creation (1670)==
The Dukes also held the titles of Countess of Southampton and Baroness Nonsuch, in the County of Surrey, created at the same time. The second and third Dukes also held the titles of Duke of Southampton, Earl of Chichester and Baron of Newbury, in the County of Berkshire (created 1675).
*[[Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland]] (1641–1709), a mistress of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]
*[[Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland]], 1st Duke of Southampton (1662–1730), eldest (illegitimate) son of the 1st Duchess of Cleveland and Charles II
*[[William FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Cleveland]], 2nd Duke of Southampton (1698–1774), eldest son of the 2nd Duke of Cleveland. He died without issue, and his titles were extinct.

==Dukes of Cleveland, second creation (1833)==
[[File:Arms of Vane.svg|thumb|Arms of Vane: ''Azure, three sinister gauntlets (appaumée) or''.<ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 115, which omits ''appaumée'', useful in differentiating from Fane arms; concerning ''appaumée'' Cussans (1898) states: "In blazoning a Hand, besides stating what position it occupies, and whether it be the dexter or sinister, and erased or couped, it must be mentioned whether it be clenched or appaumé". (Cussans, John, [https://archive.org/stream/handbookofherald00cuss_0/handbookofherald00cuss_0_djvu.txt ''Handbook of Heraldry''], 2nd ed., London, 1868, p.47, p. 92)</ref> These are a [[difference (heraldry)|difference]] of the arms of the ''Fane'' family, [[Earl of Westmorland|Earls of Westmorland]] from 1624, which show: ''three dexter gauntlets back affrontée'', with identical tinctures]]
Other titles held by these Dukes include Marquess of Cleveland (1827), Earl of Darlington, in the County of Durham and Viscount Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the county of Durham (1754), Baron Barnard, of Barnard's Castle in the Bishopric of Durham (1698), and Baron Raby, of Raby Castle in the County Durham (1833).
*[[William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland|William Harry Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland]] (1766–1842), great-grandson of the above 2nd Duke
*[[Henry Vane, 2nd Duke of Cleveland]] (1788–1864), eldest son of the 1st Duke
*[[William Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland|William John Frederick Vane, 3rd Duke of Cleveland]] (1792–1864), second son of the 1st Duke
*[[Harry Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland|Harry George Powlett, 4th Duke of Cleveland]] (1803–1891), youngest son of the 1st Duke. All of his titles except for [[Baron Barnard]] became extinct upon his death without issue.

== Family tree ==
{{Dukes of Cleveland and Southampton family tree}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cleveland}}
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1670]]
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1833]]
[[Category:Vane family|*]]
[[Category:1670 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Dukes of Cleveland| ]]
[[Category:Peerages created with special remainders]]