View source for ALBA

{{Short description|Intergovernmental organization of Latin American and Caribbean states}}
{{about|the intergovernmental organization in Latin America and the Caribbean|the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland|Alba|the Gaelic television channel from the BBC|BBC Alba|other uses|Alba (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox Geopolitical organization
| native_name            = {{native name|es|Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América – Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos|fontsize=68%}}
| conventional_long_name = Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty
| common_name            = ALBA-TCP
| linking_name           = the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America
| image_flag             = 
| symbol_type            = Emblem
| image_symbol           = LogoofALBA.svg
| alt_symbol             = 
| symbol_width           = 185px
| motto                  = 
| anthem                 = 
| image_map              = Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (orthographic projection) Without Honduras.svg
| map_width              = 260px
| map_caption            = 
| admin_center_type      = Headquarters
| admin_center           = [[Caracas]]
| official_languages     = {{unbulleted list |Spanish |English}}
| membership_type        = Member states
| membership             = {{collapsible list
 |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
 |title = [[#Member states|10 full members]]
 | {{flagcountry|Antigua and Barbuda}}
 | {{flagcountry|Bolivia}}
 | {{flagcountry|Cuba}} 
 | {{flagcountry|Dominica}}
 | {{flagcountry|Grenada}}
 | {{flagcountry|Nicaragua}} 
 | {{flagcountry|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
 | {{flagcountry|Saint Lucia}}
 | {{flagcountry|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
 | {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
 | {{small|&nbsp;}}
 | {{nowrap|{{raise|0.2em|'''Pending full membership'''}}}}
 | {{flagcountry|Suriname}}{{efn|In addition, Suriname is a "special guest member" that intends to become a full member.<ref>''[[El Universal (Caracas)|El Universal]]'', 6 February 2012, [http://www.eluniversal.com/nacional-y-politica/120206/alba-summit-ends-with-entry-of-guest-countries ALBA summit ends with entry of guest countries]</ref>}}
 | {{small|&nbsp;}}
 | {{raise|0.2em|'''Observers'''}}
 | {{flagcountry|Haiti}}
 | {{flagcountry|Iran}}
 | {{small|&nbsp;}}
 | {{raise|0.2em|'''Former members'''}}
 | {{flagcountry|Honduras|1949}}
 | {{flagcountry|Ecuador}}
 }}
<!---- Uncomment when percentages below complete:
| ethnic_groups =
 {{Collapsible list
 |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
 |title = 7 groups
 | ?.?% [[White (race)|White]]
 | ?.?% [[Mulatto]]
 | ?.?% [[Mestizo]]
 | ?.?% [[Amerindian]]
 | ?.?% [[Black (race)|Black]]
 | ?.?% [[Mixed race|Mixed]]
 | ?.?% other
 }} 
| ethnic_groups_year = 
 ----->| leader_title1          = Secretary General
| leader_name1           = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Jorge Arreaza]]}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.acn.cu/mundo/102803-declaracion-del-alba-tcp-justicia-social-y-cooperacion|title=Declaración del ALBA-TCP: Justicia social y cooperación|website=ACN|language=es|date=16 December 2022|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-date=14 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614154602/http://www.acn.cu/mundo/102803-declaracion-del-alba-tcp-justicia-social-y-cooperacion|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| established_event1     = Cuba–Venezuela Agreement
| established_date1      = 14 December 2004
| established_event2     = People's Trade Agreement
| established_date2      = 29 April 2006
| area_magnitude         = 
| area_km2               = 2,513,337 <ref name="ref_6">The total area of ALBA reaches 5,057,735 km<sup>2</sup> if the maritime areas is included .</ref>
| area_sq_mi             = 970,405
| percent_water          = 
| population_estimate    = 69,513,221
| population_estimate_year = 2008
| population_density_km2 = 27.65
| population_density_sq_mi = 71.63
| population_density_rank = 
| GDP_PPP                = $636.481 billion
| GDP_PPP_rank           = <!--21st --if considered a single country beside remaining countries?-->
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2008
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = $9,156
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <!--82nd --if considered a single country beside remaining countries?-->
| GDP_nominal            = 
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 
| GDP_nominal_year       = 
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = 
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 
| Gini_year              = 
| Gini_change            = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini                   = <!--number only-->
| Gini_ref               = 
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI_year               = 
| HDI_change             = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI                    = <!--number only-->
| HDI_ref                = 
| HDI_rank               = 
| currency               = {{collapsible list
 |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
 |title = 5 currencies
 | {{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Venezuelan bolívar|Bolívar]]
 | {{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Bolivian boliviano|Boliviano]]
 | {{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[Nicaraguan córdoba|Córdoba]]
 | {{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}}{{flagicon|Dominica}}{{flagicon|Grenada}}<br />{{Flagicon|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}{{Flagicon|Saint Lucia}}{{flagicon|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} [[Eastern Caribbean dollar|EC dollar]]
 | {{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Cuban peso|Peso]]
 }}
| time_zone              = 
| utc_offset             = [[UTC-4|-4]] to [[UTC-6|-6]]
| time_zone_DST          = 
| DST_note               = 
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| cctld                  = {{collapsible list
 |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
 |title = 10 [[Country code top-level domain|TLDs]]
 |{{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}} [[.ag]] |{{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[.bo]] |{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[.cu]] |{{flagicon|Dominica}} [[.dm]] |{{flagicon|Grenada}} [[.gd]] |{{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[.ni]] |{{flagicon|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} [[.kn]] |{{flagicon|Saint Lucia}} [[.lc]] |{{flagicon|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} [[.vc]] |{{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[.ve]]
 }}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://www.albatcp.org|albatcp.org}}
| demonym                = 
| area_rank              = 
| today                  = 
}}
'''ALBA''' or '''ALBA–TCP''', formally the '''Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America''' ({{langx|es|Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América}}) or the '''Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty''' ({{langx|es|Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América – Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos}}), is an [[intergovernmental organization]] based on the idea of political and economic integration of [[Latin America]]n and [[Caribbean]] countries.

Founded initially by Cuba and Venezuela in 2004, it is associated with [[Socialism of the 21st century|socialist]] and [[social democracy|social democratic]] governments wishing to consolidate regional economic integration based on a vision of social welfare, [[barter]]ing and mutual economic aid. The ten member countries are [[Antigua and Barbuda]], [[Bolivia]], [[Cuba]], [[Dominica]], [[Grenada]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] and [[Venezuela]].<ref name="2014dec">{{cite web|url=http://alba-tcp.org/en/contenido/declaration-alba-tcp-xiii-summit-and-commemoration-its-tenth-anniversary-december-14-2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220020448/http://alba-tcp.org/en/contenido/declaration-alba-tcp-xiii-summit-and-commemoration-its-tenth-anniversary-december-14-2014|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 December 2014|title=Declaration of the ALBA-TCP XIII Summit and commemoration of its tenth anniversary, December 14, 2014 – ALBA TCP|access-date=28 June 2016}}</ref> [[Suriname]] was admitted to ALBA as a guest country at a February 2012 summit.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 4, 2021 |title=Raisi vows to boost relations with Latin America |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/463734/Raisi-vows-to-boost-relations-with-Latin-America |access-date=August 8, 2024 |website=Tehran Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaufman |first=Chuck |date=October 30, 2015 |title=Critical Support: What Does It Mean for Solidarity with Latin America? |url=https://www.counterpunch.org/2015/10/30/critical-support-what-does-it-mean-for-solidarity-with-latin-america-2/ |access-date=August 8, 2024 |website=CounterPunch |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Chavez141610-2.jpg|thumb|left|110px|Late Venezuelan President [[Hugo Chávez]], founder of ALBA]]

The agreement was proposed by the [[government of Venezuela]], led by [[Hugo Chávez]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/18/opinion/arana-latin-americas-go-to-hero.html?mcubz=1|title=Opinion – Bolívar, Latin America's Go-To Hero|first=Marie|last=Arana|newspaper=The New York Times|date=18 April 2013|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref> as an alternative to the [[Free Trade Area of the Americas]] (FTAA or ALCA in Spanish, an agreement proposed by the [[United States]]), which never materialized.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}

This Cuba–Venezuela Agreement,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mltoday.com/Pages/NLiberation/Cuba-VenezPact.html/ |title=Cuba-Venezuela Agreement - December 14, 2004 |access-date=2005-12-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051104200546/http://www.mltoday.com/Pages/NLiberation/Cuba-VenezPact.html |archive-date=2005-11-04 }} initial Cuba-Venezuela TCP</ref> signed on 14 December 2004, by Presidents Chávez and [[Fidel Castro]], was aimed at the exchange of medical and educational resources and [[petroleum]] between the two nations. Venezuela began to deliver about 96,000 barrels of oil per day from its state-owned oil company, [[PDVSA]], to Cuba at very favorable prices. In exchange, Cuba sent 20,000 state-employed medical staff and thousands of teachers to Venezuela's poorest states. The agreement also made it possible for Venezuelans to travel to Cuba for specialized medical care, free of charge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/CubaVenezuela-Alliance-Piccone-Trinkunas.pdf |access-date=5 April 2023|website=brookings.edu|title=The Cuba-Venezuela Alliance: The Beginning of the End? Line|date=June 2014|author1=Ted Piccone |author2=Harold Trinkunas}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j0yqCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55|title=Latin America Energy Policy and Regulations Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Programs|first=|last=|date=20 March 2009|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=9781438728360|access-date=24 August 2018|via=Google Books}}{{self-published source|date=December 2020}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=February 2020}}

When it was launched in 2004, ALBA had only two member states, [[Venezuela]] and [[Cuba]].<ref name="auto" /><ref>''[[Monthly Review]]'', 2 July 2008, [http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/hattingh070208.html ALBA: Creating a Regional Alternative to Neo-liberalism?]</ref> Subsequently, a number of other Latin American and Caribbean nations entered into this 'Peoples' Trade Agreement' (Spanish: ''Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos'', or TCP), which aims to implement the principles of ALBA. [[Bolivia]] under [[Evo Morales]] joined in 2006, [[Nicaragua]] under [[Daniel Ortega]] in 2007, and [[Ecuador]] under [[Rafael Correa]] in 2009. [[Honduras]], under [[Manuel Zelaya]], joined in 2008, but withdrew in 2010 after the [[2009 Honduran coup d'état]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/blog/honduran-congress-approves-withdrawal-from-alba/|title=Honduran Congress Approves Withdrawal From ALBA - Americas Quarterly|accessdate=5 April 2023}}</ref> The Caribbean nations Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Saint Lucia also joined.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://repeatingislands.com/2009/06/26/two-more-caribbean-nations-join-alba/|title = Two more Caribbean Nations join ALBA|date = 26 June 2009|access-date = 8 April 2021|archive-date = 26 February 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230226191521/https://repeatingislands.com/2009/06/26/two-more-caribbean-nations-join-alba/|url-status = dead}}</ref>

[[Jamaica]], at the invitation of Chávez,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cubarevolucion.blogspot.com/2007/03/chvez-invita-jamaica-sumarse-al-alba.html|title=Cuba Revolución: Chávez invita a Jamaica a sumarse al ALBA|access-date=28 June 2016}}</ref> and [[Mexico]], at the invitation of Ortega,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/|title=El Nuevo Diario|first=El Nuevo|last=Diario|access-date=28 June 2016|archive-date=8 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908123539/http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/|url-status=dead}}</ref> were invited to join the ALBA countries. Chávez also invited the countries of Central America to join ALBA,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aporrea.org/venezuelaexterior/n98299.html|title=Chávez invitó a toda Centroamérica a unirse al ALBA|first=Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias|last=(ABN)|date=20 July 2007 |access-date=28 June 2016}}</ref> and invited [[Argentina]] to use [[SUCRE]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiolaprimerisima.com/noticias/alba/53080|title=Chávez invita a Argentina a sumarse a la moneda virtual sucre – Radio La Primerísima|access-date=28 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527165259/http://www.radiolaprimerisima.com/noticias/alba/53080|archive-date=2016-05-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the 11th Summit of ALBA in February 2012, Suriname, Saint Lucia and Haiti requested admission to the organization. Haiti was granted the special status of permanent member and the other two countries were named special members, while awaiting their full incorporation.<ref name="auto"/>

In July 2013, Chávez was honored posthumously by the nine member countries of the group and special guests Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, Suriname, Guyana and Haiti at the group's 12th Presidential Summit in Guayaquil, Ecuador.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/twelfth-alba-presidential-summit-takes-place-ecuador|title=Twelfth ALBA Presidential Summit Takes Place in Ecuador|website=americasquarterly.org|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref>

In December 2014, Grenada and Saint Kitts and Nevis were accepted as full members during the 13th Summit of the Alliance, which occurred in Havana, Cuba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowgrenada.com/2014/12/grenada-joins-alba/|title=Grenada Joins ALBA &#124; NOW Grenada|date=December 15, 2014|website=www.nowgrenada.com}}</ref>

Ecuador withdrew from ALBA in August 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/6a7d8ed8738a475d8b6c276ffa0b761e|title=Ecuador leaves Venezuelan-run regional alliance|agency=Associated Press|date=2018-08-24|website=AP NEWS|access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> [[Bolivia]]'s interim government withdrew in November 2019 during the [[2019 Bolivian political crisis|political crisis]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/es/bolivia-rompe-relaciones-con-venezuela-y-se-retira-de-la-alianza-bolivariana-alba/a-51271927|title=Bolivia rompe relaciones con Venezuela y se retira de la Alianza Bolivariana ALBA {{!}} DW {{!}} 15.11.2019|date=15 November 2019|website=Deutsche Welle|language=es-ES|access-date=2019-11-16}}</ref> but the newly elected government of [[Luis Arce]] rejoined following the [[2020 Bolivian general election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/es/minuto-a-minuto/20201120-bolivia-reanuda-su-participaci%C3%B3n-en-unasur-celac-y-alba|title=Bolivia reanuda su participación en Unasur, Celac y Alba|date=2020-11-20|access-date=2020-11-21|publisher=[[France 24]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peoplesdispatch.org/2020/12/14/alba-tcp-member-countries-celebrate-16-years-of-regional-integration/|title=ALBA-TCP member countries celebrate 16 years of regional integration|date=14 December 2020}}</ref>

Amid the international isolation Russia is facing due to the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|invasion of Ukraine]], ALBA invited Russia to participate at the [[ALBA Games|2023 ALBA Games]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sport-express.ru/others/reviews/gde-sorevnuetsya-rossiya-v-usloviyah-izolyacii-chto-takoe-igry-bolivarianskogo-alyansa-kuda-ee-priglasili-2041301/|title=Россию пригласили на самые антиамериканские старты мира. Что это такое?|date=23 February 2023|website=sport-express.ru|access-date=5 April 2023|language=ru}}</ref>

===Virtual currency===
In October 2009, ALBA leaders agreed at a summit in Bolivia to create a virtual currency, named the [[SUCRE (currency)|SUCRE]]. "The document is approved," said Bolivian President Evo Morales, the summit host. President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez announced "The sucre [is] an autonomous and sovereign monetary system that will be agreed upon today so that it can be implemented in 2010."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2009/10/2009101712255748516.html|title=Bolivia summit adopts new currency|access-date=28 June 2016}}</ref> As of 2015, the virtual currency is being used to compensate trade between Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua, and especially Ecuador and Venezuela.<ref name="auto"/>

===Summits of heads of state and government===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"
! style="line-height:95%" | Summit<br />
! style="line-height:95%" | Date<br />
! style="line-height:95%" | Location<br />
! style="line-height:95%" | Country<br />
! style="line-height:95%" | Decisions<br />
|-
| I Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 14 December 2004 || [[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| Founding summit of ALBA. Cuba-Venezuela Agreement signed by presidents [[Hugo Chávez]] and<br />[[Fidel Castro]].
|-
| II Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 27–28 April 2005 ||[[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| Attended by presidents [[Hugo Chávez]] and [[Fidel Castro]].
|-
| III Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 29 April 2006 || [[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| Attended by presidents [[Hugo Chávez]], [[Fidel Castro]] and [[Evo Morales]] from Bolivia,<br />who joins the group. The TCP is signed.
|-
| IV Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 10 January 2007 || [[Managua]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Nicaragua}}
| Meeting coinciding with inauguration as president of [[Nicaragua]] of [[Daniel Ortega]], who announces<br /> the entry in the bloc as fourth country member.
|-
| V Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 28–29 April 2007||[[Barquisimeto]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
|
|-
| VI Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 24–26 January 2008 ||[[Caracas]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| [[Dominica]] joins the bloc.
|-
| I Extraordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 22 April 2008 || [[Caracas]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
|
|-
| II Extraordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 25 August 2008 || [[Tegucigalpa]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Honduras|1949}}
| [[Honduras]] joins the bloc.
|-
| III Extraordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 26 November 2008 || [[Caracas]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| 
|-
| IV Extraordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 2 February 2009 || [[Caracas]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| Celebration of the tenth anniversary of [[Bolivarian Revolution]].
|-
| V Extraordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 16–17 April 2009 ||[[Cumaná]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| 
|-
| VI Extraordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 24 June 2009 || [[Maracay]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| [[Antigua and Barbuda]], [[Ecuador]] and [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] join the bloc.
|-
| VII Extraordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 29 June 2009 || [[Managua]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Nicaragua}}
| Condemnation of the [[2009 Honduran coup d'état|coup d'état in Honduras]] and demand of restoration of deposed president<br /> [[Manuel Zelaya]].
|-
| VII Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 16–17 October 2009 ||[[Cochabamba]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Bolivia}}
| The Unified System for Regional Compensation (SUCRE) is adopted.
|-
| VIII Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 13–14 December 2009 ||[[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| Celebration of the fifth anniversary of the bloc.
|-
| IX Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 19 April 2010 || [[Caracas]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| Honduras had left the group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.semana.com/mundo/america-latina/articulo/honduras-retira-alba/111890-3|title=Honduras se retira de Alba|website=Honduras se retira de Alba|date=13 January 2010}}</ref>
|-
| X Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 25 June 2010 || [[Otavalo (city)|Otavalo]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Ecuador}}
| 
|-
| XI Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 4–5 February 2012 ||[[Caracas]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| 
|-
| XII Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 30 July 2013 || [[Guayaquil]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Ecuador}}
| [[Saint Lucia]] joins the bloc.
|-
| VIII Extraordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 20 October 2014 || [[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| Summit to deal with the [[West African Ebola virus epidemic|Ebola crisis]].
|-
| XIII Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 14 December 2014 || [[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| [[Grenada]] and [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] join the bloc. Celebration of the tenth anniversary of the bloc.
|-
| IX Extraordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 17 March 2015 || [[Caracas]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| 
|-
| XIV Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 5 March 2017 || [[Caracas]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| 
|-
| XV Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 5 March 2018 || [[Caracas]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
|-
| XVI Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 14 December 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://albatcp.cubaminrex.cu/article/inicia-hoy-xvi-cumbre-del-alba-tcp-en-la-habana|title=''Inicia hoy XVI Cumbre del ALBA-TCP en La Habana''. In: ''albatcp.cubaminrex.cu'' 12/14/2018.|access-date=2018-12-14|archive-date=2018-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214213947/http://albatcp.cubaminrex.cu/article/inicia-hoy-xvi-cumbre-del-alba-tcp-en-la-habana|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 || [[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
|-
| XVII Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 14 December 2019<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.plenglish.com/index.php?o=rn&id=49937&SEO=17th-summit-of-alba-tcp-in-cuba-focuses-on-regional-situation|title=17th Summit of ALBA-TCP in Cuba focuses on regional situation|website=Prensa Latina|date=14 December 2019|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref>
 || [[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| Celebration of the fifteenth anniversary of the bloc.
|-
| XVIII Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 14 December 2020<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www1.abi.bo/abi_/?i=461004|title=ALBA-TCP celebra su 16 aniversario vía videoconferencia con presidentes de países miembros|website=ABI|language=es|date=13 December 2020|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214151803/https://www1.abi.bo/abi_/?i=461004|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 || videoconference ||
| Celebration of the sixteenth anniversary of the bloc and of the rejoining of Bolivia into it.
|-
| XIX Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 24 June 2021<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.abi.bo/#/noticia/6724|title=Venezuela acoge la XIX Cumbre del ALBA-TCP en el marco del Bicentenario de la Batalla de Carabobo|website=ABI|language=es|date=24 June 2021|access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref>
 || [[Caracas]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| Celebration of the 200th anniversary of the [[Battle of Carabobo]].
|-
| XX Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 14 December 2021<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.acn.cu/cuba/88552-inaugura-presidente-cubano-la-xx-cumbre-del-alba-tcp-fotos|title=Inaugura Presidente cubano la XX Cumbre del ALBA-TCP (+Fotos)|website=ACN|language=es|date=14 December 2021|access-date=14 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2021/12/14/alba-tcp-summit-declaration-endorses-independent-politics/|title=ALBA-TCP Summit Declaration endorses independent politics|website=Prensa Latina|date=14 December 2021|access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>
 || [[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
|-
| XXI Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 27 May 2022<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2022/05/27/alba-tcp-summit-in-havana-without-exclusions/|title=ALBA-TCP Summit in Havana without exclusions|website=PL|date=27 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2022/05/27/alba-tcp-summit-in-cuba-rejects-exclusion-and-discrimination/|title=ALBA-TCP Summit in Cuba rejects exclusion and discrimination|website=PL|date=27 May 2022|access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref>

 || [[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
|-
| XXII Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 14 December 2022<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2022/12/13/alba-tcp-chief-arrives-in-cuba-to-attend-22nd-summit/|title=ALBA-TCP chief arrives in Cuba to attend 22nd Summit (+Photo)|website=PL|date=13 December 2022|access-date=14 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.boliviatv.bo/principal/nota.php?noticia=d99d258f4be687e6e8aab25967c88b85|title=ALBA-TCP define fortalecer liderazgo y actuar en bloque en la cumbre de la CELAC|website=Bolivia TV|language=es|date=15 December 2022|access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref>
 || [[Havana]] ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| Celebration of the eighteenth anniversary of the bloc.
|-
|XXIII Ordinary
|24 April 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-25 |title=Declaración final de la XXIII Cumbre del ALBA-TCP |url=http://www.eluniversal.com/politica/180250/declaracion-final-de-la-xxiii-cumbre-del-albatcp |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=El Universal |language=es}}</ref>
|Caracas
|{{Flagcountry|Venezuela}}
|-
| XXIV Ordinary ||style="white-space:nowrap;"| 14 December 2024<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.plenglish.com/news/2024/12/14/alba-tcp-holds-24th-summit-in-caracas/|title=ALBA-TCP holds 24th Summit in Caracas|website=PL|date=14 December 2024|access-date=14 December 2024}}</ref>
|Caracas
|{{Flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| Celebration of the 20th anniversary of the bloc.
|}

== Membership{{anchor|Member states}} ==
{{main|Member states of ALBA}}

=== Full members ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; white-space:nowrap" width="100%"
! style="line-height:95%" | Common name<br />
! style="line-height:95%" class="unsortable" | Official name<br />
! style="line-height:95%" | Join date<br />
! style="line-height:95%" | Population<br />
! style="line-height:95%" | Area <small>(km<sup>2</sup>)</small><br />
! style="line-height:95%" | E.E.Z + Area <small>(km<sup>2</sup>)</small><br />
! style="line-height:95%" | GDP PPP <small>(US$ bn)</small><br />
! style="line-height:95%" | Capital<br />
|-
| {{flagcountry|Antigua and Barbuda}}
| Antigua and Barbuda
| style="text-align:right" | 24 June 2009
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|97118}}
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|442}}
|style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|110531}}
| style="text-align:right" | 1.575
| [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]]
|-
| {{flagcountry|Bolivia}}
| Plurinational State of Bolivia 
| style="text-align:right" | 29 April 2006
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|9119152}}
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|1098581}}
|style="text-align:right" |
| style="text-align:right" | 50.904
| [[Sucre]]
|-
| {{flagcountry|Cuba}}
| Republic of Cuba
| style="text-align:right" | 14 December 2004
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|11451652}}
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|110861}}
|style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|460637}}
| style="text-align:right" | 114.100
| [[Havana]]
|-
| {{flagcountry|Dominica}}
| Commonwealth of Dominica
| style="text-align:right" | 20 January 2008
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|72660}}
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|754}}
|style="text-align:right"|{{Nts|29736}}
| style="text-align:right" | 0.977
| [[Roseau]]
|-
| {{flagcountry|Grenada}}<ref name=2014dec/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://alba-tcp.org/contenido/granada|title=Granada – ALBA TCP|access-date=28 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720110405/http://alba-tcp.org/contenido/granada|archive-date=20 July 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| Grenada
| style="text-align:right" | 14 December 2014
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|111454}}
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|348.5}}
|style="text-align:right" |{{Nts|27770}}
| style="text-align:right" | 1.467
| [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]]
|-
| {{flagcountry|Nicaragua}}
| Republic of Nicaragua
| style="text-align:right" | 11 January 2007<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lavozdelsandinismo.com/nicaragua/2021-01-11/nicaragua-celebra-14-anos-de-solidaridad-y-respeto-como-parte-del-alba-tcp/|title=Nicaragua celebra 14 años de solidaridad y respeto como parte del ALBA-TCP|website=La Voz del Sandinismo|language=es|date=11 January 2021|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=12 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112013839/https://www.lavozdelsandinismo.com/nicaragua/2021-01-11/nicaragua-celebra-14-anos-de-solidaridad-y-respeto-como-parte-del-alba-tcp/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|6466199}}
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|129495}}
|style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|254254}}
| style="text-align:right" | 18.878
| [[Managua]]
|-
| {{flagcountry|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}<ref name=2014dec/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://alba-tcp.org/contenido/san-cristobal-y-nieves|title=San Cristóbal y Nieves – ALBA TCP|access-date=28 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720110411/http://alba-tcp.org/contenido/san-cristobal-y-nieves|archive-date=20 July 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis 
| style="text-align:right" | 14 December 2014
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|54961}}
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|261}}
|style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|10235}}
| style="text-align:right" | 1.087
| [[Basseterre]]
|-
| {{flagcountry|Saint Lucia|name=Saint Lucia}}
| Saint Lucia
| style="text-align:right" | 20 July 2013
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|180870}}
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|617}}
|style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|16156}}
| style="text-align:right" | 2.101
| [[Castries]]
|-
| {{flagcountry|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|name=St. Vincent and the Grenadines}}
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| style="text-align:right" | 24 June 2009
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|120000}}
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|389}}
|style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|36691}}
| style="text-align:right" | 1.259
| [[Kingstown]]
|-
| {{flagcountry|Venezuela}}
| Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| style="text-align:right" | 14 December 2004
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|28199825}}
| style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|916445}}
|style="text-align:right" | {{Nts|1387952}}
| style="text-align:right" | 374.111
| [[Caracas]]
|- class="sortbottom" style="background:#F2F2F2"
| '''ALBA–TCP totals'''
| '''10 countries'''
| style="text-align:center" | 
| style="text-align:right" | '''{{Nts|46166389}}'''
| style="text-align:right" | '''{{Nts|1159612.5}}'''
| style="text-align:right" | '''{{Nts|2333962}}'''
| style="text-align:right" | '''515.555'''
|
|}

=== Observer members ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Official name
!Population
!Capital
|-
|{{HAI}}<ref name="Hirst 2019">{{cite web | last=Hirst | first=Joel D. | title=A Guide to ALBA | website=Americas Quarterly | date=15 August 2019 | url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/a-guide-to-alba/ | access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref>
|Republic of Haiti
|10,847,334
|[[Port-au-Prince]]
|-
|{{IRN}}<ref name="Hirst 2019"/>
|Islamic Republic of Iran
|81,672,300
|[[Tehran]]
|}

=== Former members ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Common name
!Official name
!Join year
!Withdrawal year
!Population
!Capital
|-
|{{HND}}
|Republic of Honduras
|2008
|2010
|9,112,867
|[[Tegucigalpa]]
|-
|{{ECU}}
|Republic of Ecuador
|2009
|2018
|16,385,068
|[[Quito]]
|}

== Other ALBA initiatives==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2014}}
{{Supranational American Bodies|size=400px|align=right}}
[[File:XIV cumbre del ALBA-TCP.jpg|thumb|XIV ALBA-TCP summit, 2017|left]]

===PetroCaribe===
Based on the earlier [[San José Accords]] (1980) and [[Caracas Energy Accords]] (2000) between [[Venezuela]] and a number of Caribbean states, [[Petrocaribe]] was founded in 2005 to facilitate oil trade under a concessionary financial agreement. The initiative has provided the Caribbean member states with important hydrocarbon resources, which many do not possess on their territories, in exchange for services and goods. In the case of [[Cuba]], a nation largely deprived of oil since the [[fall of the Soviet Union]] in 1991, Petrocaribe has provided oil in exchange for medical doctors.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.04.006 |title=On PetroCaribe: Petropolitics, Energopower, and Post-Neoliberal Development in the Caribbean Energy Region |journal=Political Geography |volume=72 |pages=124–133 |year=2019 |last1=Cederlöf |first1=Gustav |last2=Kingsbury |first2= Donald V. |s2cid=164598358 |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/on-petrocaribe(3934d218-c9cd-4c0d-8559-fda53ad6b4d0).html |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

=== Other energy initiatives ===
As part of Cuba's efforts to spread its [[Energy Revolution]] campaign through ALBA, Cuban social workers traveled to 11 countries in the Caribbean and Latin America to help develop energy efficiency projects in those countries.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Yaffee |first=Helen |title=We Are Cuba! How a Revolutionary People Have Survived in a Post-Soviet World |date=2020 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-23003-1 |edition=hardcover |location=USA}}</ref>{{Rp|page=294}}

===TeleSUR===
Launched in 2005, [[TeleSUR]] is a media network that provides news and current affairs broadcasts throughout the ALBA bloc. The network has an internet based television channel and is a cooperative effort between the governments of [[Venezuela]], [[Cuba]] and [[Nicaragua]].

===PETROSUR===
PETROSUR is an inter-governmental energy alliance between Venezuelan [[PDVSA]], Argentinean [[YPF]], and Brazilian [[Petrobras]] nationalized oil companies. The goal of this initiative is to provide funding for social welfare programs within these nations.{{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

==Criticism==

In July 2018, President [[Lenín Moreno]] of Ecuador distanced himself from ALBA, stating that the organization "has not worked for a while."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.laprensalara.com.ve/?p=423454|title=Lenin Moreno ordenó a la UNASUR desalojar edificio en Ecuador|website=La Prensa|language=es-VE|access-date=2018-07-07}}</ref> In August 2018, Ecuador officially withdrew from ALBA.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

[[Karen Longaric]], appointed as foreign minister by [[Jeanine Áñez]]'s interim government, announced the formal departure of the country from ALBA in November 2019 over "interference" in Bolivia's [[2019 Bolivian political crisis|political crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://latinoamericapiensa.com/la-politica-internacional-de-anez-anuncio-la-salida-de-bolivia-del-alba-de-la-unasur-y-rompio-relaciones-con-venezuela/21065/|title=La política internacional de Añez: anunció la salida de Bolivia del Alba, de la Unasur y rompió relaciones con Venezuela|language=es|website=Latinomerica Piensa|date=15 November 2019}}</ref> Bolivia remained in ALBA after the Áñez government was defeated in the [[2020 Bolivian general election]].{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== See also ==
{{columns-list |colwidth=30em|
* [[Andean Community of Nations]]
* [[Association of Caribbean States]]
* [[Axis of Resistance]]
* [[Belt and Road Initiative]]
* [[CARIFORUM]]
* [[Community of Latin American and Caribbean States]] (CELAC)
* [[Copenhagen Accord]]
* [[CSTO]]
* [[Eurasian Economic Union]]
* [[Foro de São Paulo]]
* [[International trade]]
* [[Latin American integration]]
* [[Lima Group]]
* [[Mercosur]]
* [[Non Aligned Movement]]
* [[Pacific Alliance]]
* [[PetroCaribe]]
* [[Pink tide]]
* [[Social security]]
* [[SUCRE]]
* [[Trade bloc]]
* [[Union of South American Nations]]
* [[Warsaw Pact]]
* [[Free Trade Area of the Americas]] (FTAA or ALCA) 
* [[Latin American Free Trade Agreement]]
* [[North American Free Trade Agreement]]
}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*{{in lang|en}} {{Official website|https://www.albatcp.org/en/}}
*{{in lang|es}} {{Official website|https://www.albatcp.org/}}
*{{in lang|es}} [https://portalalba.org/ Portal ALBA]

{{Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)}}
{{Pan-Americanism}}
{{Hugo Chávez}}
{{Chávez presidency}}
{{UNFCCC negotiating groups}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Bolivarian Revolution]]
[[Category:International organizations based in the Americas]]
[[Category:Politics of South America]]
[[Category:Trade blocs]]
[[Category:Hugo Chávez]]
[[Category:Anti-Americanism]]
[[Category:Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2004]]