View source for Declaration of independence

{{Short description|Assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state}}
{{Other uses}}

A '''declaration of independence''' is an assertion by a [[polity]] in a defined territory that it is [[independence|independent]] and constitutes a [[Sovereign state|state]]. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the [[territory]] of another state or failed state, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's [[International Court of Justice]] ruled in [[advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence|an advisory opinion in Kosovo]] that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence",<ref name="International Court of Justice">{{cite web |url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/141/15987.pdf |title=Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo |publisher=Icj-cij.org |access-date=November 5, 2024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821055950/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/141/15987.pdf |archive-date=2010-08-21 }}</ref> though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as [[rebellion]], which may lead to a [[list of wars of independence|war of independence]] or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis.

==List of declarations of independence==
{{Hatnote|This [[Wikipedia:Incomplete lists|incomplete list]] is not intended to be exhaustive.}}

<!-- Some current states have no first recognition. -->
{| class="wikitable sortable" 
!State
!width=220pt|Declaration
!Date
! width="150pt" |Association
!class="unsortable" width=220pt|Signatories!!First recognizing state(s)
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Albanian Provisional Government (1912-1914).svg}} [[Albania]] ||[[Albanian Declaration of Independence]]
|{{DTS|1912-11-28}}||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}||[[Assembly of Vlorë]]||{{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|First Republic of Armenia}}||[[Declaration of Independence of Armenia (1918)|Declaration of Independence of Armenia]]
|{{DTS|1918-05-28}}||{{flagcountry|Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic}}||[[Armenian National Congress (1917)]], [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]]|| {{Flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Armenia}}
|[[Declaration of State Sovereignty of Armenia]]
|{{DTS|1990-08-23}}
|{{Flag|Soviet Union}}
|[[Levon Ter-Petrossian|Levon Ter-Petrosyan]] and [[Supreme Council of Armenia]] secretary [[Ara Sahakian]]
|{{Flagcountry|Lithuania}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Artsakh|name=Artsakh}}
|[[Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh|Proclamation of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic]]
|{{DTS|1991-09-02}}
|{{Flag|Soviet Union}}
|Nagorno-Karabakh Regional and Shahumyan District Councils of People's Deputies of the Azerbaijan SSR
|
|-
|{{Flag|Azawad}}
|[[Azawadi declaration of independence|Azawadi Declaration of Independence]]
|{{DTS|2012-04-06}}
|{{Flag|Mali}}
|[[National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad]]
|
|-
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan|1918}}
|[[Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan)|Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan]]
|{{DTS|1918-05-28}}
|{{flagcountry|Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic}}
|[[Azerbaijani National Council]]||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}
|-
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
|[[Day of Restoration of Independence (Azerbaijan)|Act on Restoration of State Independence of Azerbaijan]]
|{{DTS|1991-10-18}}
|{{Flag|Soviet Union}}
|[[Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Supreme Council of Azerbaijan]]
|{{Flag|Turkey}}
|-
|{{Flag|Bangladesh|1971}}||[[Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence]]
|{{DTS|1971-03-26}}
|{{Flag|Pakistan}}
|[[Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh]]
|{{Flag|Bhutan}}
|-
|{{Flag|Belarus|1991}}
|[[Third Constituent Charter]]
|{{DTS|1918-03-25}}
|{{Flagcountry|Soviet Russia}}
|[[Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic]]
|
|-
|{{Noflag|[[Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia|Belarus]]}}
|Announcement of the Declaration of Independence of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Byelorussia
|{{DTS|1920-07-31}}
|{{Flag|Poland|1919}}
|Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia, trade unions
|{{Flagcountry|Soviet Russia}}
|-
|{{Flag|BSSR|name=Belarus}}
|[[Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
|{{DTS|1990-07-27}}
|{{Flag|Soviet Union}}
|[[Supreme Soviet of Belarus|Supreme Soviet of the BSSR]]
|{{Flag|Turkey}}
|-

|{{Flag|Belgium}}||Belgian Declaration of Independence
| {{DTS|1830-10-04}}||{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}}||[[Provisional Government of Belgium]]||
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|1992}}||[[Bosnia and Herzegovina independence referendum, 1992|Bosnian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1992-03-01}}||{{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} || ||{{Flag|Bulgaria}}
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bougainville.svg}} [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]]||[[Bougainville conflict#Secessionist conflict|Bougainville Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1990|05}}||{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}||[[Bougainville Interim Government]]||
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Empire of Brazil}}||[[Independence of Brazil|Declaration of the Independence of Brazil]]
| {{DTS|1822-09-07}}||{{Flag|Portugal|1816}} ||[[Pedro I of Brazil]]||{{Flag|United States|1820}}
|-
|{{Flag|Bulgaria}}||[[Bulgarian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1908-09-22}}||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}} ||[[Ferdinand of Bulgaria]] and the [[Government of Bulgaria]]||{{Flagcountry|Russian Empire}}
|-
|{{Flag|Burma|1948}}||[[Burmese Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1948-01-04}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}} || ||
|-
|{{Flag|Catalonia}}||Declaration of the Catalan Republic as a state of the Iberian Federation
| {{DTS|1931-04-14}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]]||[[Francesc Macià]], Generalitat Government of Catalonia||
|-
|{{Flag|Catalonia}}||Declaration of the Catalan state within the Federal Republic of Spain
| {{DTS|1934-10-06}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1931–1939).svg}} [[Second Spanish Republic|Spain]]||[[Lluís Companys]], Generalitat Government of Catalonia||
|-
|{{Flag|Catalonia}}||[[Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia]] as the Catalan Republic
| {{DTS|2017-10-27}}||{{Flag|Spain}} ||  ||
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Federal Republic of Central America}}<small>(present day</small> <br><small>{{Flag|Costa Rica}} <br> {{Flag|El Salvador}} <br> {{Flag|Guatemala}} <br> {{Flag|Honduras}} <br> {{Flag|Nicaragua}}</small>)
||[[Act of Independence of Central America]]
| {{DTS|1821-09-15}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg}} [[Spain]]|| ||
|-
|{{Flag|Chile}}||[[Chilean Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1818-02-12}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg}} [[Spain]]||[[National Congress of Chile|National Congress]]||{{Flag|Portugal|1816}}
|-
|{{Flag|Colombia}}||[[Colombian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1810-07-20}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg}} [[Spain]]|| ||
|-
|[[File:Flag of the Comoros (1963–1975).svg|22px|border|link=]] [[Comoros]] ||[[Comorian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1975-07-06}}||{{Flag|France}}|| ||{{Flag|Guinea}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Republic of Crimea}}||[[Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea]]
| {{DTS|2014-03-11}}||{{Flag|Ukraine}}||[[Supreme Council of Crimea]]||{{Flag|Russia}}
|-
|{{Flag|Croatia|1990}}||[[Independence of Croatia|Declaration of the Establishment of the Sovereign and Independent Republic of Croatia]]
| {{DTS|1991-06-25}}||{{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} || ||{{Flag|Iceland}}
|-
|{{Flag|Czechoslovakia|1918}}||[[Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1918-10-18}}||{{Flag|Austria-Hungary}} ||[[Czechoslovak National Council]]||{{Flag|United States|1912}}
|-
||{{Flag|Dominican Republic|1844}}||[[Dominican Act of Independence (1844)]]
| {{DTS|1844-02-27}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1820–1849, 1859–1964).svg}} [[Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)|Haiti]] || ||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
||{{Flag|East Timor|1975}}||East Timorese declaration of independence
| {{DTS|1975-11-28}}||{{Flag|Portugal}}|| ||{{Flag|Morocco}}
|-
||{{Flag|Egypt|1922}}||[[Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence]]
| {{DTS|1922-02-28}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||Unilateral grant of independence by the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|{{Flag|Estonia}}||[[Estonian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1918-02-24}}||{{Flagcountry|German Empire}}<br />{{Flagcountry|Russian Republic}}||[[Estonian Salvation Committee]]||{{Flagcountry|Finland}}
|-
|{{Flag|Estonia}}||[[Estonian restoration of Independence|Estonian Reconfirmation of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1991-08-20}}||{{Flag|Soviet Union}}||[[Congress of Estonia]]||{{Flag|Iceland}} (reconfirmed earlier recognition)
|-
||{{Flag|Finland}}||[[Finnish Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1917-12-06}}||{{Flagcountry|Russian Republic}}||[[Parliament of Finland]]||{{Flagcountry|Soviet Russia}}
|-
|{{Flag|First Mexican Empire}}<br><small>(present day</small> <small>{{Flag|Mexico}}</small>)||[[Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire]]<br><small>(real independence)</small>{{clarify|date=October 2019}}
| {{DTS|1821-09-28}}||{{Flag|Spain|1785}}||Supreme Provisional Governmental Board||{{Flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Inglaterra: primer país que reconoce la Independencia de México |url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/04011825.html |publisher=Memoria Politica de México |language= es |access-date=September 18, 2011}}</ref>
|-
||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Florida (1861–1865).svg}} [[Florida in the American Civil War|Florida]]||Florida's Constitution of 1861
| {{DTS|1861-01-10}}||{{Flag|United States|variant=1859}}||[[Florida State Legislature]]||
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Bandeira galega civil.svg}} [[Republic of Galicia|Galicia]]||Declaration of the Republic of Galicia
| {{DTS|1931-06-27}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]]||  ||
|-
|{{Flag|Democratic Republic of Georgia|name=Georgia, Democratic Republic of}}||[[Georgian Declaration of Independence, 1918]]
| {{DTS|1918-05-26}}||{{flagcountry|Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic}}|| Georgian National Council||{{Flagcountry|German Empire}}
|-
|{{Flag|Republic of Georgia|1990|name=Georgia, Republic of}}|| Act of Restoration of State Independence of Georgia 
| {{DTS|1991-04-09}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Act of Restoration of State Independence of Georgia |url=https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/32362 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520083218/https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/32362 |archive-date=2020-05-20}}</ref>||{{Flag|Soviet Union}}|| Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia||{{Flag|Switzerland}}
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the State of Georgia (1861, red).svg}} [[Georgia in the American Civil War|Georgia, State of]] ||[[s:Georgia Declaration of Causes of Secession|Georgia's secession declaration]]
| {{DTS|1861-01-29}}||{{Flag|United States|1861}}|| ||
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Greece}} ||[[wikisource:Greek Declaration of Independence|Greek Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1822-01-15}}||{{Flagcountry|Ottoman Empire}} ||[[First National Assembly at Epidaurus|First National Assembly]]||{{Flag|Haiti|1820}}
|-
|{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}}||Guinea-Bissau Declaration of Independence
| {{DTS|1973-09-24}}||{{Flag|Portugal}}|| ||
|-
|{{Flag|Haiti|civil}}||[[Haitian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1804-01-01}}||{{Flagcountry|First French Empire}}||[[Jean-Jacques Dessalines]]||{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of France (1814-1830).svg}} [[Bourbon Restoration in France|France]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xRVGAQAAIAAJ&q=bibliogroup:%22Encyclopaedia+Britannica:+A+New+Survey+of+Universal+Knowledge%22 |title=Encyclopædia Britannica: a new survey of universal knowledge, Volume 11 |editor=Ashmore, Harry S. |page=85 |year=1961 |access-date=11 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1848-1849, 1867-1869).svg}} [[Hungary]]||[[Hungarian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1849-04-14}}||{{Flagdeco|Habsburg Monarchy}} [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburgs]]||||
|-
|{{Flag|Iceland}}||Icelandic Declaration of Independence
| {{DTS|1944-06-17}}||{{Flag|Denmark}}|| ||{{Flag|United States|1912}}
|-
|{{Flag|India}}||[[Purna Swaraj|Declaration of the Independence of India]]
| {{DTS|1930-01-26}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}|| ||
|-
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}||[[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence]]
| {{DTS|1945-08-17}}||{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} ||[[Sukarno]] & [[Mohammad Hatta]]||{{Flag|Kingdom of Egypt}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/30111/EXCLUSIVE-Indonesian-President%E2%80%99s-Advisor-%E2%80%98We-have-a-long-history-with|access-date=2022-02-15|date=2017-10-30|title=EXCLUSIVE: Indonesian President's Advisor: 'We have a long history with Egypt'|work=Egypt Today|first=Mahmoud|last=Mohy}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Iraq}}||Iraq Declaration of Independence
| {{DTS|1932-10-03}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}|| ||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Republic of Ireland}}||[[Proclamation of the Irish Republic]]
| {{DTS|1916-04-24}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||[[Provisional Government of the Irish Republic]]||
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Ireland.svg}} [[Irish Republic]]||[[Irish Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1919-01-21}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||[[Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)|Dáil Éireann]]||{{Flagcountry|Soviet Russia}}
|-
|{{Flag|Israel}}||[[Israeli Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1948-05-14}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||[[Vaad Leumi|Jewish People's Council]]||{{Flag|United States|1912}}
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Katanga.svg}} [[State of Katanga|Katanga]]||Katangan Declaration of Independence{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
| {{DTS|1960-07-11}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Congo-Léopoldville (1960-1963).svg}} [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Congo-Léopoldville]]|| ||
|-
|{{Flag|Korea|1919}}||[[Korean Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1919-03-01}}||{{Flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}||[[Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea]]||{{Flagcountry|Republic of China (1912–1949)}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Republic of Kosova}}||[[Republic of Kosova#Proclamation|Proclamation of the Republic of Kosova]]
| {{DTS|1992-09-22}}||{{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro|name=FR Yugoslavia}}||Assembly of Kosovo||{{Flag|Albania}}
|-
|{{Flag|Kosovo}}||[[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|Kosovo declaration of independence]]
| {{DTS|2008-02-17}}||{{Flag|Serbia|2004}}<br />{{Flag|UN}} [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|Administration]] ||"Democratically elected leaders of our people"{{#tag:ref|No reference in original Albanian text to the declaration being the work of the Assembly of Kosovo. The language used in the declaration differs from that employed in acts of the Assembly of Kosovo in that the first paragraph commences with the phrase "We, the democratically-elected leaders of our people . . .", whereas acts of the Assembly of Kosovo employ the third person singular. Moreover, the procedure employed in relation to the declaration differed from that employed by the Assembly of Kosovo for the adoption of legislation. It was not transmitted to the Special Representative of the Secretary General and was not published in the Official Gazette of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government of Kosovo. As the practice shows, he would have been under a duty to take action with regard to acts of the Assembly of Kosovo which he considered to be ultra vires. Taking all factors together, the authors of the declaration of independence of 17 February 2008 did not act as one of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government within the Constitutional Framework, but rather as persons who acted together in their capacity as representatives of the people of Kosovo outside the framework of the interim administration.|group=lower-alpha}}||{{Flag|Costa Rica}}
|-
|{{Flag|Latvia}}||[[Latvia#Declaration of independence and interwar period|Latvian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1918-11-18}}||{{Flagcountry|Weimar Republic}}<br />{{Flagcountry|Soviet Russia}}
|[[People's Council of Latvia]]||{{Flagcountry|Soviet Russia}}
|-
|{{Flag|Latvia}}||[[On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia]]
| {{DTS|1990-05-04}}||{{Flag|Soviet Union}} ||[[Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia|Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR]]||{{Flag|Iceland}}
|-
|{{Flag|Liberia}}||[[Liberian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1847-07-16}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1847–1848).svg}} [[American Colonization Society]]||Liberian Constitutional Convention||{{Flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|1801}}
|-
|{{Flag|Lithuania|1918}}||[[Act of Independence of Lithuania]]
| {{DTS|1918-02-16}}||{{Flagcountry|German Empire}}<br />{{Flagcountry|Soviet Russia}}
|[[Council of Lithuania]]||{{Flagcountry|Weimar Republic}}
|-
|{{Flag|Lithuania|1988}}||[[Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania]]
| {{DTS|1990-03-11}}||{{Flag|Soviet Union}} ||[[Supreme Council of Lithuania]]||{{Flag|Iceland}}
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Patriote movement (Lower Canada).svg}} [[Republic of Lower Canada|Lower Canada]]||[[Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada]]
| {{DTS|1838-02-22}}||{{Flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|1801}}||[[Robert Nelson (insurrectionist)|Robert Nelson]]||
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (1963–1991).svg}} [[North Macedonia|Macedonia]]||[[History of the Republic of Macedonia#Road to Republic|Independence of the Republic of Macedonia]]
| {{DTS|1991-09-08}}||{{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} || ||{{Flag|Bulgaria}}
|-
|{{Flag|Malaya|1957}}<br /> <small>(present day [[Malaysia]])</small>||[[Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957]]
| {{DTS|1957-08-31}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||[[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name="Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957">{{sourcetext|source=Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Mississippi (1861–1865).gif}} [[Mississippi in the American Civil War|Mississippi]]||[[A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union]]
| {{DTS|1861-01-09}}||{{Flag|United States|1859}}|| ||
|-
|{{Flag|Moldova}}||[[Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova]]
| {{DTS|1991-08-27}}||{{Flag|Soviet Union}} ||[[Parliament of the Republic of Moldova]]||{{Flag|Romania}}
|-
|{{Flag|Montenegro}}||[[Montenegro#Independence|Montenegro declaration of independence]]
| {{DTS|2006-06-03}}||{{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro}}||[[Parliament of Montenegro|Assembly of the Republic of Montenegro]]||{{Flag|Iceland}}
|-
|{{Flag|Morocco}} ||Moroccan Declaration of Independence
| {{DTS|1944-01-11}}||{{Flagdeco|France|1794}} [[Provisional Government of the French Republic|France]]||[[Istiqlal Party]]||
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of the Netherlands|1581}}||[[Act of Abjuration]]
| {{DTS|1581-07-26}}||{{Flag|Spanish Empire|name=Spain}}||[[Union of Utrecht]]||
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg}} [[New Spain|Northern America]]<br /> <small>(present day)</small> <small>{{Flag|Mexico}}</small>||[[Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America]]
| {{DTS|1813-11-06}}||{{Flag|Spain|1785}}||[[Congress of Anáhuac]]||
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus}}||Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| {{DTS|1983-11-15}}||{{Flag|Cyprus|1960}}|| ||{{Flag|Turkey}}
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus.svg}} [[Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus]]||[[Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1914-02-28}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg}} [[Principality of Albania|Albania]]||[[Provisional Government of Northern Epirus]]||
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bougainville.svg}} [[Republic of the North Solomons|North Solomons]]||[[Declaration of Independence of the Republic of the North Solomons]]
| {{DTS|1975-09-01}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg}} [[Territory of Papua and New Guinea]] ([[Australia]])||Unknown||{{Flag|Vatican City|size=23px}}
|-
|{{Flag|Norway|1814}} <br/>{{small|([[Kingdom of Norway (1814)|Kingdom of Norway]])}}||[[Declaration of Independence of Norway]] {{small|(short after{{clarify|date=October 2019}}, sovereign under the [[Kingdom of Norway (1814-1905)|Swedish monarchy]])}}, and the [[Constitution of Norway]]
| {{DTS|1814-05-17}}||{{Flag|Denmark-Norway}}<br/>{{small|(As of [[Treaty of Kiel]])}}||[[Norwegian Constituent Assembly]]||
|-
|{{Flag|North Korea}}||[[National Liberation Day of Korea]]
| {{DTS|1948-09-09}}||{{Flag|Japan}}||[[Kim Il Sung]]||{{Flag|Soviet Union}}
|-
|{{Flag|Padania}}||[[Padanian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1996-09-15}}||{{Flags|Italy (1946–2003)|link=|size=23px}} [[Italy]]|| ||
|-
|{{Flag|Pakistan}}||[[Lahore Resolution]]
| {{DTS|1940-03-24}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||[[Muslim League (Pakistan)]]||
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Palestine}}||[[Palestinian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1988-11-15}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Israel.svg}} [[Palestinian territories]]
{{Flag|Jordan}} (claimed the [[West Bank]] until 1988)
|[[Palestinian National Council]]||{{Flag|Arab League}}
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Peru (1821–1822).svg}} [[Peru]]||Act of the Declaration of Independence of Peru
| {{DTS|1821-07-28}}||{{Flag|Spain|1785}}||[[José de San Martín]]||{{Flag|Argentina}}
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Philippines Flag Original.svg}} [[Philippines]]||[[Philippine Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1898-06-12}}||{{Flagdeco|Spain|variant=1785}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]]
{{Flag|United States}}
|98 representatives of [[Dictatorial Government of the Philippines]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Philippine History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC|year=2004|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-3934-9|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=gUt5v8ET4QYC&pg=PA162 162]}}</ref> (ratified on September 29, 1898, by the [[Malolos Congress]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer|title=The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8V3vZxOmHssC|year=2009|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-951-1|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8V3vZxOmHssC&pg=RA1–PA364&dq=%22september+29%22+ratified 364]}}</ref>) ||
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Argentina (civil).svg}} [[United Provinces of the Río de la Plata|Provinces of the Río de la Plata]]<br /><small>(present-day <br>{{Flag|Argentina}}<br> {{Flag|Bolivia}} <br> {{Flag|Uruguay}})</small>||[[Argentine Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1816-07-09}}||{{Flagdeco|Spain|1785}} [[History of Spain (1810–73)|Spain]]||[[Congress of Tucumán]]||{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Hawaii}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Rhodesia|1964}}||[[Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)|Rhodesian Unilateral Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1965-11-11}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}||[[Ian Smith]] and the rest of the Cabinet||
|-
|{{Flag|Romania}}||[[Romanian War of Independence|Romanian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1877-05-22}}||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}||[[Carol I of Romania|King Carol I]]||
|-
|{{Flag|Russia|1991}}||[[Belovezha Accords]]
| {{DTS|1991-12-12}}||{{Flag|Soviet Union}}||[[Supreme Soviet of Russia|Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR]]||
|-
|{{Flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}||[[History of Western Sahara#Armed conflict (1975–1991)|Bir Lehlou Declaration]]
| {{DTS|1976-02-27}}||{{Flag|Spanish Sahara}}||[[Polisario Front]]||{{Flag|Madagascar}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Scotland|1542}}||[[Declaration of Arbroath]]
| {{DTS|1320-04-06}}||{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of England}}||Scottish leaders||
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Revolutionary Serbia.svg|size=23px}} [[Revolutionary Serbia|Serbia]]||[[Serbian Revolution|The Proclamation (Proglašenije/Проглашеније)]]
| {{DTS|1809-02}}||{{Flag|Ottoman Empire}}||[[Karađorđe Petrović]] and [[Serbian Revolution|Serbian MPs]]||
|-
|{{Flag|Singapore}}||[[Singapore in Malaysia#Expulsion|Proclamation of Singapore]]<ref>Singapore was forced out of Malaysia by the Malaysian Parliament, and the proclamations were then agreed by the two governments. See the [http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-INDEP Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628211434/http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_retrieve.pl?actno=REVED-INDEP |date=2017-06-28 }} (1985 Rev. Ed.) and [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1966/29/contents the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom].</ref>
| {{DTS|1965-08-09}}||{{Flag|Malaysia}}<ref name="Agreement relating to the separation of Singapore from Malaysia">{{sourcetext|source=Agreement relating to the separation of Singapore from Malaysia as an independent and sovereign state}}</ref><ref name="proclamation of singapore">{{sourcetext|source=Agreement relating to the separation of Singapore from Malaysia as an independent and sovereign state/proclamation of singapore}}</ref>||[[Lee Kuan Yew]], [[Prime Minister of Singapore]]||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}<ref name="Singapore Act 1966">{{sourcetext|source=Singapore Act 1966}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Czechoslovakia}}||[[Martin Declaration]]
| {{DTS|1918-10-30}}||{{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}||[[Slovak National Council]]||{{Flag|France}}
|-
|{{Flag|Slovakia}}||[[Slovak National Council's Declaration of Independence of the Slovak Nation]]
| {{DTS|1992-07-17}}||{{Flag|Czechoslovakia}} ||Slovak National Council||
|-
|{{Flag|Slovenia}}||[[History of Slovenia#The Independence of Slovenia|Slovenian Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1991-06-25}}||{{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} || ||{{Flag|Croatia}}
|-
|{{Flag|Somaliland}}||[[Somaliland Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1991-05-18}}||{{Flag|Somalia}} || ||
|-
|{{Flag|South Korea}}||[[National Liberation Day of Korea]]
| {{DTS|1948-08-15}}||{{Flag|Japan}}||[[Syngman Rhee]]||{{Flag|United States|1912}}
|-
|{{Flagicon image|South Carolina Sovereignty-Secession Flag.svg}} [[South Carolina in the American Civil War|South Carolina]]||[[Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union]]
| {{DTS|1860-12-24}}||{{Flag|United States|1859}}||South Carolinians in Charleston||
|-
|{{Flag|Sri Lanka|1948}}||Declaration of [[Independence of Ceylon|Independence of Sri Lanka]] (Then known as "Ceylon")
| {{DTS|1948-02-04}}||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}|| ||
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Republic of Texas|1836|name=Texas, Republic of}}||[[Texas Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1836-03-02}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg}} [[Mexico]]|| ||{{Flag|France|1794}}
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Texas (1839–1879).svg}} [[Texas in the American Civil War|Texas, State of]]||[[A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union]]
| {{DTS|1861-02-01}}||{{Flagcountry|United States|1859}}||Texas Legislature||
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Tibet (1912–1951)}}||[[Tibet (1912–1951)#Fall of Qing dynasty (1911–1912)|Tibet's Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1913-02-13}}||{{Flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]||[[13th Dalai Lama]]||{{Flag|Bogd Khanate of Mongolia}}
|-
|{{Flag|Turkmenistan|1991}}||About Independence and Bases of a State System of Turkmenistan
| {{DTS|1991-10-27}}||{{Flag|Soviet Union}}||none||{{Flag|Turkey}}
|-
|{{Flag|Ukraine}}||[[Universals (Central Council of Ukraine)|IV Universal]]
| {{DTS|1918-01-22}}||{{Flagcountry|Soviet Russia}}||[[Central Council of Ukraine]]||
|-
|{{Flag|Ukraine}}||[[Declaration of Independence of Ukraine]]
| {{DTS|1991-08-24}}||{{Flag|Soviet Union}}||[[Verkhovna Rada]]||{{Flag|Canada}}<br />{{Flag|Poland}}<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LNvTSDQXFXgC&dq=recognize+first+Ukraine%27s+independence+Poland&pg=PA100 Ukraine and Russia: The Post-Soviet Transition] by Roman Solchanyk, [[Rowman & Littlefield Publishers]], 2000, {{ISBN|0742510182}} (page 100)<br>[https://books.google.com/books?id=atpMYRcYBM4C&dq=December+1991+recognize+Ukraine%27s+independence+Canada&pg=PA371 Canadian Yearbook of International Law, Vol 30, 1992], [[University of British Columbia Press]], 1993, {{ISBN|9780774804387}} (page 371)<br>{{cite book|last=Szporluk|first=Roman|author-link=|title=Russia, Ukraine and the Breakup of the Soviet Union|date=24 February 2020|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLWeUoWEAGgC&pg=PA355|publisher=Hoover Press|isbn=978-0-8179-9543-0}}, p. 355</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|United States|1776}}||[[United States Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1776-07-04}}{{efn-la|The Continental Congress voted in favor of the Declaration of Independence on July 2.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation : U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates 1774-1875|year=2003|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=005/lljc005.db&recNum=90&itemLink=r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00523)):%230050092&linkText=1 |pages=506–507|quote=Tuesday July 2, 1776 [...] Resolved, That these United colonies are, and, of right, ought to be, Free and Independent States; that they are absolved of all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connexion between them and the state of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.}}</ref> Versions were not printed until July 4 and later, while the signatories did not sign the Matlack declaration until August.<ref>{{citation|last=Coelho|first=Chris|title=Timothy Matlack, Scribe of the Declaration of Independence|year=2013|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-7443-1|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zVuDsVNCTygC&q=signed&pg=PA61}}</ref>{{further|Lee Resolution}}}}||{{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Great Britain}}|| [[Second Continental Congress]]||{{Flag|Morocco|1666}}<ref>[http://www.embassyofmorocco.us/USMoroccorelationship.htm US-Morocco Diplomatic Relationship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812175917/http://embassyofmorocco.us/USMoroccorelationship.htm |date=2015-08-12 }}. Official Web site of the Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco to the United States of America.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2013/11/21/why-morocco-matters-to-the-u-s/|title=Why Morocco Matters To The U.S.|first=Kerry A.|last=Dolan|website=Forbes|access-date=July 11, 2017|date=November 21, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand.svg}} [[United Tribes of New Zealand]]||[[Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand]]
| {{DTS|1835-10-28}}||&mdash;||[[Māori people|Māori]] chiefs||{{Flag|United Kingdom}}<ref>{{Citation| last=The Lord Glenelg| author-link=Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg| date=25 May 1836| contribution=EXTRACT of a DESPATCH from Lord GLENELG to Major-General Sir RICHARD BOURKE, New South Wales| title=Documents > Declaration of Independence| place=London| publication-place=Christchurch| publisher=Waitangi Associates| url=http://www.waitangi.co.nz/declarationindependence.htm#Extract| access-date=22 May 2010}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}||Declaration of Independence
| {{DTS|1991-08-31}}||{{Flag|Soviet Union}}||Supreme Council of [[Uzbekistan]]||{{Flag|Turkey}}
|-
|{{Flag|Venezuela}}||[[Venezuelan Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|1811-07-05}}||{{Flag|Spain|1785}}||National Congress||
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Vermont Republic}}||Vermont Declaration of Independence
| {{DTS|1777-01-15}}||{{Flag|United States|1776}}
{{Flagicon image|Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg}} [[Province of Quebec (1763–1791)|British Quebec]]
|
|
|-
|{{Flag|Vietnam}}||[[Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam]]
| {{DTS|1945-09-02}}||{{Flag|France|1794}}||[[Ho Chi Minh|Hồ Chí Minh]]||{{Flag|China}}
|-
|[[Yorubaland|Democratic Republic of the Yorubaland]]
|[[Oyo State coup attempt#Coup attempt|Declaration of Independence]]
| {{DTS|2024-04-13}}||{{Flag|Nigeria|}}
|Modupe Onitiri-Abiola and Ominira Yoruba Group
|
|}

==See also==
* [[Independence referendum]]
* [[List of national independence days]]
* [[List of sovereign states by date of formation]]
* [[Political history of the world]]
* [[Separatism]]
* [[Unilateral declaration of independence]]

== Explanatory notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Commons category-inline|Declarations of independence}}
{{Colonization}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Declarations of independence| ]]