Mitsubishi H-60

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H-60
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A JMSDF SH-60J Seahawk helicopter from Template:JDS lands on board Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in 2007.
Role ASW/SAR helicopterTemplate:Short description
National origin Japan
United States
Manufacturer Sikorsky Aircraft
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
First flight 31 August 1987
Introduction 1991
Status In service
Primary user Japan Self-Defense Forces
Number built Over 250
Developed from Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk
Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk

The Mitsubishi H-60 series is a twin-turboshaft engine helicopter based on the Sikorsky UH-60 helicopter family for use by the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF).[1]

The SH-60J/K/L are anti-submarine patrol versions for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF).[2] The UH-60J is a search and rescue version for the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) and JMSDF. The UH-60JA is a utility version for the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF).[3]

Design and development

SH-60J

The JMSDF chose S-70B as the successor to the Mitsubishi HSS-2B Sea King (a licence-built version of the Sikorsky Sea King). When the SH-X (later SH-60J) project started, it was immediately after HSS-2B was put into service, so initially it was planned to integrate a mission system of HSS-2B with a bare aircraft of SH-60B, but finally a system newly developed by the TRDI was adopted. It is similar to LAMPS Mk.III in that the helicopter is equipped with a computer and connected to the mothership's combat direction system via a datalink, but it also has a dipping sonar as well as SH-60F.[4] The Defense Agency ordered two XSH-60Js from Sikorsky for $27 million. Their first flights were on 31 August and in October 1987. The Defense Agency designated the model SH-60J. They were fitted with Japanese avionics systems and tested by the JMSDF.[5]

The SH-60J is built in Japan under license from Sikorsky. It began deliveries in August 1991 and entered service thereafter. Based on a concept of the JMSDF, HQS-103 Dipping Sonar, HPS-104 active electronically scanned array Search Radar, and HLR-108 ESM System equipment of the avionics of SH-60B be different.[4] The engine is the GE/IHI T700-IHI-701C turboshaft, which Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries produced under license from General Electric. It is a hybrid of the SH-60B and SH-60F, except for avionics. The crew includes a pilot, copilot and sensor operator. The copilot can concentrate on the role of tactical coordinator with the help of the Automatic Flight Management System and Inertial Navigation system.[6][7] Over 100 SH-60Js have been produced by 2007.[8]

SH-60K

File:SH-60K.JPG
A JMSDF SH-60K, 21st Squadron

The SH-60K is an upgraded version of the SH-60J.[9] The SH-60K anti-submarine helicopter which strengthened performance and versatility for the JMSDF. Mitsubishi began development in 1997. The SH-60K has formerly known as SH-60Kai.[10] The Director General of the Defense Agency admitted adoption in March 2005.[11]

Mitsubishi developed new main rotor blade, Ship Landing Assist System, new avionics system, and other systems. Two prototypes SH-60Ks were built by modifying SH-60Js. These prototypes were completed and delivered by June 2002. The SH-60K's cabin was expanded in length by 30 cm (11.8 in) and in height by 15 cm (5.91 in) compared to the SH-60J.[11] The larger cabin allows for the new avionics system.[12] Those and the airframe changes are compensated by the exchange of the T700-IHI-401C2 engine. The first production SH-60K was delivered to JMSDF on 10 August 2005.[11]

In December 2022, the Japanese government decided to reduce the number of SH-60Ks deployed for maritime patrols and replace some SH-60Ks with Sea Guardian unmanned aerial vehicles. The Japanese government plans to increase its defense budget from 1.24% of GDP in fiscal 2021 to around 2.0% within 10 years, a decision made as part of efforts to use the budget efficiently.[13]

SH-60L

File:ALTA XSH-60L(8501) taxiing at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Komaki Minami factory May 14, 2021 01.jpg
XSH-60L

A further upgrade version of SH-60K has planned and in development since 2015 under an ATLA contract.[14] It will be equipped with a multi-static sonar system and a new adaptive control millimetric wave ultra-high-speed communication system (Click System) as well as improved engine transmission performance.[15][16]

The first flight of the prototype, XSH-60L, was carried out on May 11, 2021.[17]

UH-60J

File:UH-60J KAB001.jpg
A JASDF UH-60J, Training Squadron

In 1988, the Japan Air Self-Defense Force choose the UH-60L to replace its KV-107 and Sikorsky S-62 helicopters.[18][19] The first aircraft was built by Sikorsky, with the company designation S-70A-12, and two more were assembled by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.[3][20] Mitsubishi is producing the remaining UH-60Js under license.[21][22] The Japan Marine Self-Defense Force also chose Search and rescue, and utility helicopters to replace the S-61A in 1989.

The UH-60J is powered by T700 engines license-built by Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries in Japan. It features external fuel tanks, an external rescue winch, a Japan-built radar, a FLIR turret in the nose and bubble side windows for observers.[19] The Japan Air Self-Defense Force machines were fitted with T700-IHI-701A engines, while Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force machines were fitted with marinized T700-IHI-401C engines.[20] Fuel tanks can be attached to pylons on stub wings. The UH-60Js began deliveries in 1991 and entered service in 1992.[23] A total of 40 UH-60Js were in service in 2010. The JASDF ordered 40 newer UH-60Js in December 2010 to begin replacing older UH-60Js.[24]

Mitsubishi and Sikorsky have teamed in support of the Self Defense Force's mission requirements. The UH-60J+ incorporates various upgrades for the modern SAR mission.[25] By 2006 Defense budget of Japan, UH-60Js begin addition of Refueling probe in 2009.[26] These UH-60Js completed training with the United States Air Force and widened their activity in SAR mission.[27]

In service from December 1991 to July 24, 2024. Future SAR operations would be provided by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force and the Japan Coast Guard.[28]

UH-60JA

File:JGSDF UH-60JA 20120520-05.JPG
A JGSDF UH-60JA, Kasumigaura Aviation School

The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force ordered a utility variant of the UH-60L designated UH-60JA in 1995.[23] The JGSDF began receiving the UH-60JA in 1997.[3] It features improved avionics, including FLIR, Color weather radar, GPS receiver, a Night Vision Goggle compatible cockpit and wire cutter.[20][23] The JGSDF plans to acquire 70.[29]

The JGSDF plan was to replace its UH-1H helicopters which had become obsolete. Due to budgetary constraints it was decided to replace the rotary wing fleet with a high-low combination of UH-60JA and UH-1J (an updated UH-1H) with the UH-60JA being the high and the UH-1J the low.[30] By 2004, the budgetary constraints have driven the JGSDF to seriously consider eliminating either the UH-60JA or the UH-1J from the fleet, and purchasing just one type of airframe for the utility mission.[31]

Variants

File:US Navy 110318-N-8288P-246 A Japan coast guard helicopter lands aboard the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Fitzgerald (DDG 62).jpg
JMSDF UH-60J lands aboard Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".
File:JASDF Mitsubishi UH-60J Black Hawk at Hyakuri Air Base.jpg
JASDF UH-60J, Hyakuri Air Rescue Wing
File:JMSDF USH-60K Seahawk.jpg
JMSDF USH-60K #8901 of Air Development Squadron 51
  • S-70B-2: Version purchased from Sikorsky for research by the Defense Agency.　
  • XSH-60J: Prototype for SH-60J. 2 XSH-60Js were exported by Sikorsky.
  • SH-60J: Seahawk version for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force produced by Mitsubishi under licence.[2]
  • UH-60J: Rescue helicopter license produced by Mitsubishi for the Japan Air Self-Defense Force and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.[18][19]
  • UH-60JA: Utility version for the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force based on the UH-60J.[29]
  • USH-60K: Among two prototypes, one was redesignated as evaluation type.[32]
  • SH-60K: Improved version of SH-60J. Trial manufacture finished in 2001, and deliveries began in August 2005.[9]
  • SH-60L: Improved version of SH-60K. Development began in 2015, deliveries started in 2022.[33]

Operators

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UH-60Js Search and rescue wing.

Accidents

On 26 August 2017, a Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force SH-60J crashed in the Sea of Japan off Aomori Prefecture in northern Japan. The helicopter was conducting takeoff and landing drills and had taken off from the destroyer Setogiri. It was based at the JMSDF's Ominato base in Mutsu in Aomori. One crew member was rescued, the other three were missing.[35][36][37] The JMSDF attributed the crash to human error.[38] The wreckage was later discovered at a depth of around 2,600 meters.[39][40] The wreck was salvaged in October and two bodies were found, that of the pilot and co-pilot. One crew member remains missing.[41]

On 17 October 2017, UH-60J 58-4596 of the Air Rescue Wing Hamamatsu Detachment crashed into the sea off Shizuoka Prefecture while conducting night rescue drills. Some wreckage was found but the four crew members were not located.[42][43] Major searches continued with SDF assets with other parts recovered.[44][45] A private salvage company started work from 2 November and located part of the fuselage.[46][47] In November, parts of the aircraft were recovered including the Flight Data Recorder (black box) from a location approximately 31 kilometers south of Hamamatsu Air Base.[48][49] On 29 November the body of one of the crew members was discovered in the wreckage.[50][51]

On 20 April 2024, two SH-60Ks carrying four crew members each crashed near Torishima Island during a nighttime anti-submarine warfare training operation. Contact with the first helicopter was lost at 10:38pm local time (13:38 UTC) with the second one being lost around 11:04pm (14:04 UTC). Japanese defense officials believe it is highly likely that the helicopters collided. Some wreckage, including flight data recorders, a blade from each aircraft, helmets, and other wreckage, were found by rescuers.[52] One crew member is confirmed dead, while the other seven remain missing. The Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force sent 12 vessels and seven aircraft to aid in search operations. U.S. Ambassador to Japan Rahm Emanuel offered the United States's support with the search and rescue operation.[53][54] A JMSDF report published in July of that same year stated that the accident was caused by a lack of instructions to the crew from the commanding officers aboard the ships and a failure to keep a lookout and communicate with each other from the helicopters crews side.[55] The same report also stated that all 8 occupants of the helicopters had died in the accident.[55] The JMSDF reported that the bodies were found when the SH-60Ks were salvaged.[56]

Specifications (SH-60J)

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See also

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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Notes

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  1. ↑ Mitsubishi UH-60J. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Retrieved: 23 April 2024.
  2. ↑ a b Mitsubishi SH-60J Template:Webarchive. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Retrieved: 10 December 2008
  3. ↑ a b c Mitsubishi UH-60J Template:Webarchive. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Retrieved: 15 March 2010.
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  6. ↑ "AFMS controller for the SH-60J". Jane's Avionics. Jane's Information Group, 24 January 2007. Retrieved: 18 December 2008.
  7. ↑ "Strapdown Attitude and Heading Reference System for the SH-60J". Jane's Avionics. Jane's Information Group, 24 January 2007. Retrieved: 18 December 2008.
  8. ↑ Leoni 2007, p. 280.
  9. ↑ a b Mitsubishi SH-60K Template:Webarchive, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Retrieved on 10 December 2008.
  10. ↑ "Mitsubishi SH-60K Upgrade". Jane's, 11 June 2008.
  11. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Goebel, Greg. "Seahawk in Foreign Service"Template:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. Vectorsite.net, 1 April 2009.
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b Leoni 2007, p. 282.
  19. ↑ a b c Bishop 2008, p. 40.
  20. ↑ a b c Goebel, Greg. Sikorsky S-70 Black HawkTemplate:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. Vectorsite.net, 1 April 2009. Retrieved: 21 December 2010.
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ "Mitsubishi (Sikorsky) UH-60 (Japan)". Section Aircraft – Rotary-wing – Military, Jane's All the World's Aircraft. Jane's Information Group, 27 January 2010. Retrieved: 24 September 2010.
  23. ↑ a b c Bishop 2008, p. 41.
  24. ↑ Waldron, Greg. "Mitsubishi wins $2.3bn deal for 40 UH-60Js". Flight International, 9 December 2010.
  25. ↑ Sikorsky Frontlines Q1 2009 Template:Webarchive. Sikorsky, Q1 2009. Retrieved: 21 December 2009.
  26. ↑ Section 3. Mid-Term Defense Program Template:Webarchive
  27. ↑ Angelique Perez. "33RQS helicopter pilots give air refueling training to JASDF". US Air Force Kadena Air Base, 2 April 2009. Retrieved: 15 March 2010.
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b Leoni 2007, pp. 282–283.
  30. ↑ "Japan's new utility helicopter makes debut". Jane's Information Group, 29 September 1999. Retrieved: 11 August 2010.
  31. ↑ Sobie, Brendan. "Japan rethinks helicopter needs". Flight International, 16 March 2004. Retrieved: 11 August 2010.
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ a b c Defence of Japan 2022 (Annual White Paper). p.53. Japan Ministry of Defence
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20250313/p2g/00m/0na/001000c

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Bibliography
  • Leoni, Ray D. Black Hawk, The Story of a World Class Helicopter, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. Template:ISBN.
  • Bishop, Chris. Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, Osprey Publishing, 2008. Template:ISBN.

External links

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