Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum

File:昭陵六骏-西安碑林石刻艺术室 2023-09-29 01.jpg

The Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum at Xi'an Beilin Museum

The Six Steeds of Zhao Mausoleum (Template:Zh) are six Tang (618–907) Chinese stone reliefs of horses (1.7m x 2.0m each) which were located in the Zhao Mausoleum, Shaanxi, China. Zhao Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626–649).

By tradition the reliefs were designed by the court painter, and administrator for public works, Yan Liben, and the relief is so flat and linear that it seems likely they were carved after drawings or paintings. Yan Liben is documented as producing other works for the tomb, a portrait series that is now lost, and perhaps designed the whole structure.

The steeds were six precious war horses of Taizong, which he rode during the early campaigns to reunify China under the Tang, and all bear names which are not Chinese but rather transliterations of Turkic or Central Asian terms, indicative of the horses' probable origin as gifts or tributes from the Tujue to the Tang forces. They are:

• Quanmaogua (), Taizong's steed during the campaign against Liu Heita.
• Shifachi (), ridden during the Battle of Hulao against Dou Jiande. Its name derives from the Turkic term Shad.
• Baitiwu (), ridden during the campaign against Xue Rengao.
• Telebiao (), ridden during the campaign against Song Jingang. Its name is originally 特勤 Teqin, derived from the Turkic term Tegin.
• Qingzhui (), ridden during the campaign against Dou Jiande.
• Saluzi (), ridden during the campaign against Wang Shichong. Its name derives from the Turkic 'Isbara', itself a derivation from the Sanskrit 'Isvara' meaning prince.

The sculptures are regarded as ancient Chinese art treasures. Two (Quanmaogua and Saluzi) were sold by C.T. Loo in 1914 and are exhibited at the Penn Museum at University of Pennsylvania, USA. The remaining four are exhibited in the Stele Forest museum of Xi'an.

Gallery

• One of the reliefs, very likely after a drawing by Yan Liben, at the Penn Museum. Here a general removes an arrow from the horse Saluzi[2]
  One of the reliefs, very likely after a drawing by Yan Liben, at the Penn Museum. Here a general removes an arrow from the horse Saluzi
• Limestone relief of Quanmaogua ("Curly"). Nine arrows penetrate Quanmaogua, six in front and three in back. On display at the Penn Museum in Philadelphia.
  Limestone relief of Quanmaogua ("Curly"). Nine arrows penetrate Quanmaogua, six in front and three in back. On display at the Penn Museum in Philadelphia.
• Shifachi Steed at Beilin Museum
  Shifachi Steed at Beilin Museum
• Qingzhui Steed at Beilin Museum
  Qingzhui Steed at Beilin Museum
• Telebiao Steed at Beilin Museum
  Telebiao Steed at Beilin Museum
• Baitiwu Steed at Beilin Museum
  Baitiwu Steed at Beilin Museum

References

• Loehr, Max, The Great Painters of China, 1980, Phaidon Press, Template:ISBN
• , p. 171