Yreka, California

Yreka (Template:IPAc-en ) is a city in and the county seat of Siskiyou County, California, United States, near the Shasta River; the city has an area of about , most of it land. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,807, reflecting an increase from 7,765 counted in the 2010 census. Yreka is home to the College of the Siskiyous, Klamath National Forest Interpretive Museum and the Siskiyou County Museum.

History

In March 1851, Abraham Thompson, a mule train packer, discovered gold near Rocky Gulch while traveling along the Siskiyou Trail from southern Oregon. By April 1851, 2,000 miners had arrived in "Thompson's Dry Diggings" to test their luck, and by June 1851, a gold rush "boomtown" of tents, shanties, and a few rough cabins had sprung up. Several name changes occurred until the city was called Yreka. The name comes from , a word meaning "north mountain" or "white mountain", the name of nearby Mount Shasta in the Shasta language.

Mark Twain tells a different story:

[Twain's mentor Bret] Harte had arrived in California in the [eighteen-]fifties, twenty-three or twenty-four years old, and had wandered up into the surface diggings of the camp at Yreka, a place which had acquired its mysterious name – when in its first days it much needed a name – through an accident. There was a bakeshop with a canvas sign which had not yet been put up but had been painted and stretched to dry in such a way that the word BAKERY, all but the B, showed through and was reversed. A stranger read it wrong end first, YREKA, and supposed that that was the name of the camp. The campers were satisfied with it and adopted it.

In 1853–54, poet Joaquin Miller described Yreka as a bustling place with "a tide of people up and down and across other streets, as strong as if a city on the East Coast". Incorporation proceedings were completed on April 21, 1857.

Lynchings

There have been two documented lynchings in Yreka. The first took place on August 26, 1895, when four men—William Null, Garland Stemler, Luis Moreno, and Lawrence Johnson—awaiting trial for various charges of murder and robbery, were simultaneously hanged by a lynch mob from a railroad tie suspended from two adjacent trees.

The second lynching occurred on July 28, 1935. Clyde Johnson and Robert Miller Barr robbed a local business and its patrons in Castella, California. They then stole a car from a patron and drove north to Dunsmuir, California, where they planned to abandon the car and make a getaway by train. Soon after they abandoned the car north of Dunsmuir, they were stopped by California Highway Patrolman George "Molly" Malone and Dunsmuir honorary Chief of Police, 38-year-old Frank R. "Jack" Daw. Johnson pulled out a Luger pistol and wounded both policemen. Malone recovered, but Daw died the next day. Johnson was caught a few hours later by a dragnet and taken into custody. Barr, who was holding the $35 that they obtained from the robbery, panicked during the shootout and ran off into the woods, then escaped on a freight train. Daw was a beloved figure in Dunsmuir. His title of Chief of Police was given to him because of his cool head and experience as a World War I veteran. The night of Daw's funeral a dozen cars from Dunsmuir, carrying approximately 50 masked men, drove north to Yreka to lynch Johnson. On August 3, 1935, at 1:30 a.m., the vigilante mob reached the Yreka jail and lightly knocked on the door. Deputy Marin Lange, the only guard on duty at the jail, opened the door slightly and was quickly overtaken. He was driven nine miles east of Yreka where he was released, barefoot. The mob searched the jail, found Johnson, drove him away in one of the cars and hanged him from a pine tree. Barr was arrested over a year later, on September 4, 1936, in Los Angeles on a burglary charge. During his time on the run, he secured a part as an extra in the Nelson Eddy/Jeanette MacDonald film Rose Marie, scenes of which were filmed near Lake Tahoe. He is credited in the film under his real name.

Yreka rebellion

On November 27, 1941, a group of young men gained national media attention when, brandishing hunting rifles for dramatic effect, they stopped traffic on U.S. Route 99 south of Yreka, and handed out copies of a Proclamation of Independence, stating that the State of Jefferson was in "patriotic rebellion against the States of California and Oregon" and would continue to "secede every Thursday until further notice."

The secession movement ended quickly, though not before Del Norte County District Attorney John Leon Childs of Crescent City was inaugurated as governor of the State of Jefferson on December 4, 1941.

The first blow was the death of Mayor Gable on December 2, followed by the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7. Those in favor of secession focused their efforts on the war effort, which crippled the movement.

Geography

File:Phloxhirsuta.jpg

The Yreka Phlox (Phlox hirsuta) is the city's official flower.

Yreka is approximately above sea level in the Shasta Valley, south of the Siskiyou Mountains and north of Mount Shasta, a dormant volcano that towers over the valley.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of , of which is land and (0.72%) is water.

Natural history

The official city flower of Yreka is the Yreka phlox (Phlox hirsuta).

The only known specimen of Calochortus monanthus, the single-flowered mariposa lily, was collected near Yreka along the banks of the Shasta River, by botanist Edward Lee Greene, in June 1876.

Nearby settlements

Nearby places include:

• Montague: east
• Grenada: southeast
• Fort Jones: southwest
• Klamath River: northwest
• Hornbrook: north

Climate

File:Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) - YREKA, CA.svg

Climate chart for Yreka

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Yreka qualifies as having a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa), but almost qualifies as having a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb). The area features hot, dry summers and cool winters with regular snowfall. There is a high degree of diurnal temperature variation, especially in the summer.

The annual average temperature of Yreka is . July is the hottest month with , and December is the coldest month with . The average annual precipitation is , and the precipitation in winter (December–February) accounts for almost 48% of the whole year. The wettest "rain year" was from July 2005 to June 2006 with and the driest from July 1954 to June 1955 with . The annual snowfall is , which is basically concentrated from November to February of the next year.

The annual extreme temperature ranged from on January 20, 1937, January 22, 1937, February 2, 1950, and December 9, 1972, to on July 16, 1925, July 17, 1925, and July 27, 1939; the record cold daily maximum is , set on January 22, 1962, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is on July 22 and 23, 1915. There are 66.6 afternoons each year with the highest temperature over , 11.4 afternoons with the highest temperature over , and 142.2 mornings with the lowest temperature below .

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Template:Sronly	%±
1860	1,327		—
1870	1,063		%
1880	1,059		%
1890	1,100		%
1900	1,254		%
1910	1,134		%
1920	1,277		%
1930	2,126		%
1940	2,485		%
1950	3,227		%
1960	4,759		%
1970	5,394		%
1980	5,916		%
1990	6,948		%
2000	7,290		%
2010	7,765		%
2020	7,807		%
2024 (est.)	7,686		%
U.S. Decennial Census

2020

The 2020 United States census reported that Yreka had a population of 7,807. The population density was . The racial makeup of Yreka was 72.3% White, 0.9% African American, 9.0% Native American, 1.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.3% from other races, and 12.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.3% of the population.

The census reported that 97.9% of the population lived in households, 0.9% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1.2% were institutionalized.

There were 3,368 households, out of which 27.3% included children under the age of 18, 35.3% were married-couple households, 8.5% were cohabiting couple households, 36.3% had a female householder with no partner present, and 19.9% had a male householder with no partner present. 36.8% of households were one person, and 19.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.27. There were 1,881 families (55.8% of all households).

The age distribution was 22.9% under the age of 18, 7.2% aged 18 to 24, 23.3% aged 25 to 44, 23.9% aged 45 to 64, and 22.7% who were 65years of age or older. The median age was 41.1years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males.

There were 3,668 housing units at an average density of , of which 3,368 (91.8%) were occupied. Of these, 50.8% were owner-occupied, and 49.2% were occupied by renters.

2023 estimates

In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that 1.7% of the population were foreign-born. Of all people aged 5 or older, 92.4% spoke only English at home, 6.5% spoke Spanish, 0.7% spoke other Indo-European languages, 0.2% spoke Asian or Pacific Islander languages, and 0.3% spoke other languages. Of those aged 25 or older, 89.0% were high school graduates and 19.4% had a bachelor's degree.

The median household income was $42,664, and the per capita income was $29,389. About 17.4% of families and 22.0% of the population were below the poverty line.

Economy

File:Carnegie Library Yreka.jpg

Yreka's Carnegie Library, designed by W. H. Weeks, is currently used as the city's police department.

Tourists visit Yreka because it is at the northern edge of the Shasta Cascade area of northern California. The core of the historic downtown, along West Miner Street, is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places, as well as a California Historical Landmark. Yreka is home to the Siskiyou County Museum and a number of Gold Rush-era monuments and parks. Visitors also come to enjoy trout fishing in the nearby Klamath, Sacramento and McCloud Rivers, or to see and climb Mount Shasta, Castle Crags or the Trinity Alps. Visitors also ski (both alpine and cross-country), or bike or hike to the waterfalls, streams and lakes in the area, including nearby Falls of the McCloud River, Burney Falls, Mossbrae Falls, Lake Siskiyou, Castle Lake and Shasta Lake.

The town hosts Gold Rush Days every year in June.

In addition, because it is the county seat of Siskiyou County, a number of businesses related to the county courts, county recorder, and other official county functions are in the city. Butte Valley National Grassland is in northern Siskiyou County, near the Oregon border, but is administered from Yreka offices.

Government

In the state legislature Yreka is in Template:Representative, and Template:Representative.

Federally, Yreka is in Template:Representative.

Education

Yreka is home to a branch campus of the College of the Siskiyous which hosts the Rural Health Science Institute and Administration of Justice programs. The college is one of 10 California community colleges to offer on-campus housing. High-school buses carry students from towns that would not otherwise be able to fund a secondary education.

In Yreka, the gold-mining era is commemorated with a gold museum, as well as with a remnant of a silver mining operation in Greenhorn Park. The Yreka Union High School District sports mascot is a gold miner. School colors are red and gold. Yreka High School was the first high school in the county, founded in 1894. It has 11 feeder districts that serve the approximately county area.

The Yreka elementary school district is composed of Evergreen Elementary as well as the Jackson Street Middle School.

Local media

• KSYC-AM 1490 Jefferson Public Radio, Yreka (silent as of 2022)
• KSYC-FM 103.9 Jefferson Public Radio, Yreka
• KZRO-FM 100.1 Mount Shasta
• KKLC 107.9 K-LOVE, Fall River Mills
• Siskiyou Daily News
• Vyve Broadband
• YCTV 4 Yreka Community Television/Siskiyou Media Council

Infrastructure

Transportation

Interstate 5 is the primary north–south route through Yreka, connecting Redding and Sacramento to the south and the Oregon border to the north. Interstate 5 through the city follows the former path of the Siskiyou Trail, which stretched from California's Central Valley to Oregon's Willamette Valley.

California State Route 3 runs east to Montague, and west to Fort Jones and Weaverville. California State Route 263 serves as a business loop of Interstate 5 through the northern part of the city.

General aviation uses the Montague Airport in Montague, to the east.

Public Transportation

Siskiyou transit (STAGE), Route 1 – Cascade Flyer (Express), services Yreka 3 times daily going thru Mt Shasta and Dunsmuir.

Notable people

• Jodi Arias dropped out of high school in Yreka and was living there in June 2008, when she drove to Mesa, Arizona to see her ex-boyfriend Travis Alexander, whom she was later convicted of murdering in his home. She was found guilty of first degree murder on May 8, 2013.
• Erik Bennett, Major League Baseball player, was born in Yreka.
• Charles Earl Bowles, a.k.a. Black Bart, robbed a number of stagecoaches on the trails leading to or from Yreka in the 1880s.
• Leander Clark, an Iowa state legislator and Union Army officer, prospected for gold in the Yreka area, returning home to the east coast via the isthmus of Panama in 1852, $3,000 to $4,000 richer.
• Edward Silsby Farrington, United States federal judge, was born in Yreka.
• Marco Grifantini, baseball player, was born in Yreka.
• William Irwin, Siskiyou representative and later governor of California.
• Ross McCloud was Siskiyou County surveyor in the middle 1850s and laid out for improvement many of the trails and road courses still in use today.
• Patrick F. McManus was a sutler killed in the Yreka area while hauling mail.
• Tim Meamber, American football player, was born in Yreka.
• Richie Myers, baseball player, was a resident of Yreka when he died there.
• John Otto was the first park custodian at Colorado National Monument, and was a key advocate for its creation and its later inclusion in the National Park System. He spent his final 20 years on his mining claim near Yreka and was buried in a pauper's grave.
• Eric Pianka, biologist, grew up in Yreka and experienced injuries related to a unfired bazooka round.
• Elijah Steele, an early Northern California pioneer, state legislator, and Indian agent who tried to prevent the Modoc War, lived in Yreka when he was Superior Court Judge for Siskiyou County from 1879 to 1883.

Palindromes

"Yreka Bakery" is a palindrome. The loss of the "B" in a bakery sign read from the reverse is mentioned as a possible source of the name Yreka in Mark Twain's autobiography. The original Yreka Bakery was founded in 1856 by baker Frederick Deng. The palindrome was recognized early on: "spell Yreka Bakery backwards and you will know where to get a good loaf of bread" is quoted as an ad in the May 23, 1863, Yreka Semi-Weekly Journal and states that 12 loaves cost $1 (~$Template:Error in Template:Inflation/year). The Yreka Bakery moved eventually to its longtime location, 322 West Miner Street, where it remained under several ownerships until it closed in 1965 on retirement of the baker "Martin", and clerk Alta Hudson. Another Yreka Bakery opened in a different location in 1974, but is no longer in business. Author Martin Gardner mentioned that Yreka Bakery was in business on West Miner Street in Yreka,Template:Rp but it was pointed out by readers "the Yreka Bakery no longer existed. In 1970 the original premises were occupied by the art store Yrella Gallery, also a palindrome".Template:Rp The historic Brown-Nickell-Authenrieth Building, 322–324 West Miner Street, houses a restaurant.

See also

• Yreka Western Railroad

External links

• Yreka Chamber of Commerce Template:Webarchive
• Images of Yreka from the Eastman’s Originals Collection, Special Collections Dept., University of California, Davis.