White Shield, North Dakota
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White Shield was founded in 1954 to replace the town of Elbowoods (Arikara: hiswíkAt (Script error: No such module "IPA".[4]), which was inundated by the creation of Lake Sakakawea. The name honors White Shield, an Arikara chief and a scout for General George Armstrong Custer.[5]
Geography
White Shield is in western McLean County, Script error: No such module "convert". north of Lake Sakakawea, Script error: No such module "convert". west of Garrison, and Script error: No such module "convert". southeast of Parshall. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., all land.[6]
Culture
As of 2014, White Shield's Arikara language speakers are active in language revitalization. The Arikara language is taught at Fort Berthold Community College, White Shield School, and at the Arikara Cultural Center.[7]
Demographics
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| Census | Pop. | Template:Sronly | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 274 | — | |
| 2000 | 348 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2010 | 336 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| 2020 | 363 | Script error: No such module "String".% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census | |||
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As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 348 people, 100 households, and 79 families residing in the CDP. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 108 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the CDP was 1.15% White, 98.56% Native American, and 0.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.78% of the population.
There were 100 households, out of which 52.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.0% were married couples living together, 33.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.0% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.48 and the average family size was 3.89.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 43.1% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $15,625, and the median income for a family was $15,625. Males had a median income of $15,625 versus $12,159 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,603. About 45.7% of families and 56.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 68.8% of those under age 18 and 53.3% of those age 65 or over.
Public safety
In 2020 the nearest fire station was in Garrison and the nearest police station was in New Town. In 2020 there were plans to establish a joint police and fire station.[9]
Education
It is served by White Shield School District.[10]
Notable people
- Carol Juneau, former member of Montana House of Representatives and Montana Senate; born in Elbowoods[11]
References
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- ↑ University of Indiana Bloomington, American Indian Studies Research Institute, Arikara Dictionary, "White Shield, North Dakota Link
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