White Eagles (paramilitary)

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Short description The White Eagles (Template:Langx), also known as the Avengers (Template:Langx),[1] were a Serbian paramilitary group associated with the Serbian National Renewal (SNO) and the Serbian Radical Party (SRS).[2][3] The White Eagles fought in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo during the Yugoslav Wars.[2][3][4]

In the 2003 Vojislav Šešelj indictment from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the group is included as an alleged party in a joint criminal enterprise of ethnic cleansing, in which SRS leader Šešelj allegedly took part. In the indictment the group is identified as "volunteer units including 'Chetniks', or Šešeljevci" (Template:Lang-sr-Cyrl).[5] This association was denied by Šešelj.[6] On 31 March 2016, he was acquitted in a first-instance verdict on all counts by the ICTY, a ruling which still holds today, barring an unrelated conviction from its successor (International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals) for instigating deportation of Croats from the Serbian village of Hrtkovci.[7]

Name

Although the group's members were occasionally referred to as Chetniks,[8] the name White Eagles comes from the anti-communist and pro-fascist paramilitary unit that was formed during World War II, known as Serbian Volunteer Corps.[9] White Eagle refers to the national symbol of Serbia, the double-headed white eagle under a crown.

History

The White Eagles were founded at the end of 1990. The unit's emblem was a white double-headed eagle on a red shield. Its leaders were Vojislav Šešelj, Mirko Jović, Dragoslav Bokan and Milan Lukić.[10][11] They participated in attacks on the settlement of Slatina in western Slavonia, Lovas in October, and Vukovar in November 1991.Template:Sfn

Bosnian War

In the Bosnian war, White Eagles participated in attacks on Bosniak paramilitary units that occupied Bijeljina and defended Višegrad. In 1992, Šešelj's men, together with Arkan's Tigers, captured Zvornik.[10]

Members of the White Eagles have been accused of the Višegrad massacre,[12] and the Foča massacre.[13]

The prosecution claimed that these killings were incited by Šešelj's speech, which was dismissed by the Hague Tribunal.[14] There are also unproven allegations that the White Eagles operated a detention camp in Liješće.[15]

Reappearance

In December 2010 a group called "White Eagles" (Template:Langx) took responsibility for the killing of Kosovo's Bosniak leader Šefko Salković in the north of Kosovo. The group also took responsibility for obstructions of the election process in northern Kosovska Mitrovica, as well as for attacking KFOR troops.[16][17]

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b "Profile: Vojislav Seselj" BBC News 27 November 2006
  3. ↑ a b Allen, Beverly (1996) Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp. 154-155, Template:ISBN
  4. ↑ Po naređenju: ratni zločini na Kosovu (Izveštaj Human Right Watch-a)
  5. ↑ ICTY, Vojislav Seselj indictment, 15 January 2003
  6. ↑ "In previous wars (Bosnia, Croatia) there was a small paramilitary organisation called White Eagles, but the Serb Radical Party had absolutely nothing to do with them."Testimony of Vojislav Šešelj, Transcript of 23 August 2005, p. 43081, lines 16-18
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".. p. 40, 20 July 2007, American University Washington College of Law: War Crimes Research Office
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Yugoslav wars Template:Serbian minority institutions and organizations in Croatia

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