Voronezh Oblast
Template:Short description Template:Infobox Russian federal subject
Voronezh OblastTemplate:Efn is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Voronezh. Its population was 2,308,792 as of the 2021 Census.[1]
Geography
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Voronezh Oblast is located in the central belt of the European part of Russia, in a very advantageous strategic location, transport links to the site going to the industrial regions of Russia. Within the radius (12 hours of driving 80 km/h) 960 kilometers around Voronezh more than 50% of the population Russia, and 40% in Ukraine live.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The area of the region is 52,400 km2, which is about one third of the whole area of Central Black Earth Region.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The length of the region from north to south is 277.5 km, and from west to east – 352 km. Much of the area is steppe, among the predominant soil fertile soil black earth.
Main rivers
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The oblast has 738 lakes and ponds in 2408, in 1343 the river flows over 10 km long. The main river is the Don, 530 of its 1,870 km flows through the area, forming a drainage area of 422,000 square kilometers.
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Climate
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History
The oblast was established on 13 June 1934.[2]
On 21 May 1998 Voronezh alongside Amur, Ivanovo, Kostroma Oblast, and the Mari El Republic signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy.[3] This agreement would be abolished on 22 February 2002.[4]
Kostyonki, which is located within the Voronezh Oblast, is known for high concentration of cultural remains of anatomically modern humans from the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic era.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The first and oldest camp rights in Europe.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". A layer of Campanian volcanic ash from about 40,000 years ago has been found above some of the finds, showing that "unknown humans" inhabited the site before this.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The earliest directly dated human remains from this site are dated to 32,600 ± 1,100 14C years and consist of tibia and fibula, with traits classifying the bones to European early modern humans. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
In 2009, DNA was extracted from the remains of a male hunter-gatherer who lived 40,000 years BP and died aged 20–25. Script error: No such module "Unsubst". His maternal lineage was found to be U2.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". He was buried in an oval pit in a crouched position and covered with red ochre.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Administrative divisions
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Economy
The structure of Voronezh Oblast the industrial-agrarian. As part of the industry is dominated by mechanical engineering, power systems engineering, food industry, processing industry of agricultural raw materials, they account for 80% of the total volume of industrial output. Industry specialization of the region is the food industry (27%), second place is occupied by engineering and metalworking (23%), third place – power (18%).
Industry of the region specializes in the production of machine tools, oil and gas equipment, rocket engines, metal bridge structures, press-forging and mining equipment, electronic equipment, passenger aircraft Airbus.
The largest companies in the region include Sozvezdie (revenues of $Template:To USD million in 2017), Molvest (dairy industry; $Template:To USD million), Voronezhsintezkauchuk (Sibur group; $Template:To USD million), the Russian branch of COFCO Group ($Template:To USD million).[5]
Agriculture
Voronezh Oblast is a major supplier of agricultural products. For the first time in the history of farming region in 2011 produced record crops: sugar beet (factory) – 6,992 thousand. Tons (3.9 times more than in 2010) and sunflower – 1,002 thousand tons (2, 4 times more than in 2010) 2014 Voronezh Oblast ranked first in Russia in terms of gross harvest of potatoes, in farms of all categories have been collected 1.757 million tons of potatoes.
In general, the profile of agriculture – with crops of sunflowers and grain crops, dairy and beef cattle, pigs. Beet, sugar beet industry in Voronezh Oblast in terms of gross production of sugar beets and making sugar beet is one of the largest in the country. In 2014, sugar mills were produced 495.1 ths. tons of sugar.
Milk production in Voronezh Oblast in 2013 increased by 1.8% – up to 755,700 tons. In 2014 it increased by 4.2% to ↗788 000 tons, according to this indicator Voronezh Oblast takes first place in the Central Federal District. Milk yield per cow dairy herd in 2014 increased by 10.9% and amounted to 5545 kg.
Politics
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The Charter of Voronezh Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Voronezh Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
Demographics
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Vital statistics for 2024:[8]
- Births: 15,725 (6.9 per 1,000)
- Deaths: 33,419 (14.8 per 1,000)
Total fertility rate (2024):[9]
1.21 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021):[10]
Total — 69.49 years (male — 64.74, female — 74.26)
| Ethnicity | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Russians | 2,081,246 | 90.1 |
| Ukrainians | 13,260 | 0.6 |
| Armenians | 10,908 | 0.5 |
| Romani People | 5,197 | 0.2 |
| Other Ethnicity | 65,415 | 2.8 |
| Ethnicity not stated | 132,763 | 5.8 |
Settlements
Religion
According to a 2012 survey[12] 62% of the population of Voronezh Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, and 3.4% are unaffiliated Christians. In addition, 21.5% of the population deems itself to be "spiritual but not religious", 6% is atheist, and 7.1% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[12]
Notable people
- Pavel Cherenkov, co-recipient of the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics
- Alexandra Pavlovna Biryukova, 2nd woman appointed to the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
See also
References
Notes
Citations
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- ↑ Charter of Voronezh Oblast, Article 1
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- ↑ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
- ↑ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
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Sources
External links
- Template:Sister-inline
- Template:In lang Official website of Voronezh Oblast Template:Webarchive
- Central Eurasian Information Resource: Images of Voronezh Oblast - University of Washington Digital Collections
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- Voronezh Oblast
- States and territories established in 1934
- 1934 establishments in Russia
- Oblasts of Russia