Vladislav I of Wallachia
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Vladislav I of the Basarab dynasty, also known as VlaicuTemplate:Sfn or Vlaicu-Vodă, was the Voivode of Wallachia between 1364 and 1377. He was the son of Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia and Clara Dobokai.
In February 1369, Vladislav I subdued VidinTemplate:Sfn and recognised Louis I of Hungary as his overlord, in return for Severin, Amlaș, Făgăraș and 120,000 ducats. In 1373, Louis I took Severin again, but Vladislav I recovered it, in 1376–1377.[1]
Family
Vladislav I was the son of Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia and Clara Dobokai. It has been suggested that his son was Vlad I of Wallachia.Template:Sfn
Reign
During his reign, the Metropolis of Muntenia and Dobrudja was split in two parts, as a single bishop did not suffice for the entire country, thus creating the Metropolis of Oltenia.[3][4] The first monasteries in Wallachia were erected by Nicodemus of Tismana (Vodița Monastery and Tismana Monastery) with the support of the voivode.[5][6][7] Vlaicu also supported the community of Mount Athos. In particular, he offered a substantial donation to the Koutloumousiou Monastery and its abbot, Chariton of Imbros, in September 1369.[8] The funds were used to expand the monastery and construct the main church which can be seen today.[9]
Relations with the Hungarian Crown
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Louis assembled his armies in Temesvár (now Timișoara in Romania) in February 1365.Template:Sfn According to a royal charter that year, he was planning to invade Wallachia because the new voivode, Vladislav I, had refused to obey him.Template:Sfn However, he ended up heading a campaign against the Bulgarian Tsardom of Vidin and its ruler Ivan Sratsimir, which suggests that Vladislav I had in the meantime yielded to him.Template:Sfn Louis seized Vidin and imprisoned Ivan Stratsimir in May or June.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In 1366, Louis granted the Banate of Severin and the district of Fogaras to Vladislav Vlaicu of Wallachia, who had accepted his suzerainty.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In 1368, Vladislav I cooperated with Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria, the father of Ivan Sratsimir of Vidin, against the Hungarians.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Their united armies imposed a blockade on the Hungarian-occupied Vidin.Template:Sfn
Louis marched to the Lower Danube and ordered Nicholas Lackfi, Voivode of Transylvania, to invade Wallachia in the autumn of 1368.Template:Sfn The voivode's army marched through the valley of the Ialomița River, but the Wallachians ambushed it and killed many Hungarian soldiers, including the voivode.Template:Sfn After this victory, Vlaicu went on the offensive and captured Vidin in early 1369. During his brief occupation, he allowed the massacre of the Franciscans by the Greek missionaries and the locals.Template:Sfn In the summer of 1369, Louis launched a successful campaign against Wallachia from the west and Vladislav Vlaicu yielded to him.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In the ensuing negotiations, Louis restored Ivan Sratsimir in Vidin upon his initiative.Template:Sfn
Coinage
Vladislav I was the first Wallachian voivode to mint local coins around 1365.[10] The coins were made exclusively from silver and they were classified in 3 categories:[10]
- I - Ducats, with a diameter of 18-21 mm and an average weight of 1,05 grams. There were 3 types of the Wallachian ducats:
- type I, which had solely Cyrillic inscriptions, featuring on the obverse the inscription Template:Mono and a shield with a cross on top divided into two halves vertically, one being traversed by horizontal stripes and the other featuring a crescent, while on the reverse featuring an eagle with the head tilted to the left sitting on a knightly helmet with a cross to its left;
- type II, which had both Latin and Cyrillic inscriptions, featuring on the obverse the inscription Template:Mono or Template:Mono and a Jerusalem cross, while on the reverse featuring the inscription Template:Mono or Template:Mono and the same model as type I, but mirrored;
- type III, which, akin to type II had both Cyrillic and Latin inscriptions, featuring on the obverse the inscription Template:Mono or Template:Mono and a shield divided into two halves vertically, one being traversed by horizontal stripes and the other being blank, while on the reverse featuring the inscription Template:Mono or Template:Mono and the same illustration as type II.[10]
- II - Dinars, with a diameter of 16-18 mm and an average weight of 0,7 grams. They looked the same as type III ducats and also featured the same Cyrillic or Latin inscriptions, however they were smaller and lighter.[10]
- III - Bans, with a diameter of 14-16 mm and an average weight of 0,35 grams. On the obverse, they featured the same imagery as type II and III ducats did on the reverse, with the exception of the inscription, which was Template:Mono, while on the reverse they featured a Jerusalem cross.[10]
References
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- ↑ Template:In lang "Mitropolia Olteniei" Template:Webarchive, at the Ministry of Culture and National Patrimony, Under-Secretariat for Culture and Religious Affairs
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Bibliography
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- Template:The Late Medieval Balkans
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