Vedanga

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Template:Short descriptionTemplate:Hindu scriptures

The Vedanga (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "lang"., "limb of the Veda-s";[1] plural form: वेदाङ्गानि Script error: No such module "lang".) are six auxiliary disciplines of Vedic studies that developed in Vedic and post-Vedic times.[2]

List of the Vedanga

  1. Shiksha (Sanskrit: शिक्षा Script error: No such module "lang"., "instruction, teaching"): phonetics, phonology, pronunciation.[2] This auxiliary discipline has focused on the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet, accent, quantity, stress, melody and rules of euphonic combination of words during a Vedic recitation.[3]Template:Sfn
  2. Chanda (Sanskrit: छन्द Script error: No such module "lang"., "metre"): prosody.[4] This auxiliary discipline has focused on the poetic meters, including those based on fixed number of syllables per verse, and those based on fixed number of morae per verse.Template:Sfn[5]
  3. Vyakarana (Sanskrit: व्याकरण Script error: No such module "lang"., "grammar"): grammar and linguistic analysis.[6]Template:Sfn[7] This auxiliary discipline has focused on the rules of grammar and linguistic analysis to establish the exact form of words and sentences to properly express ideas.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
  4. Nirukta (Sanskrit: निरुक्त Script error: No such module "lang"., "etymology"): etymology, explanation of words, particularly those that are archaic and have ancient uses with unclear meaning.[8] This auxiliary discipline has focused on linguistic analysis to help establish the proper meaning of the words, given the context they are used in.Template:Sfn
  5. Kalpa (Sanskrit: कल्प Script error: No such module "lang"., "proper. fit"): ritual instructions.[2] This field focused on standardizing procedures for Vedic rituals, rites of passage rituals associated with major life events such as birth, wedding and death in family, as well as discussing the personal conduct and proper duties of an individual in different stages of his life.[9]
  6. Jyotisha (Sanskrit: ज्योतिष Script error: No such module "lang"., "astrology"): Right time for rituals with the help of position of nakshatras and asterisms[2] and astronomy.[10][11] This auxiliary Vedic discipline focused on time keeping.[12][13]

History and background

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The character of Vedangas has roots in ancient times, and the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad mentions it as an integral part of the Brahmanas layer of the Vedic texts.[14] These auxiliary disciplines of study arise with the codification of the Vedas in Iron Age India. It is unclear when the list of six Vedangas were first conceptualized.[15] The Vedangas likely developed towards the end of the Vedic period, around or after the middle of the 1st millennium BCE. An early text of the genre is the Nighantu by Yaska, dated to roughly the 5th century BCE.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". These auxiliary fields of Vedic studies emerged because the language of the Vedic texts composed centuries earlier grew too archaic to the people of that time.Template:Sfn

Vedangas developed as ancillary studies for the Vedas, but its insights into meters, structure of sound and language, grammar, linguistic analysis and other subjects influenced post-Vedic studies, arts, culture and various schools of Hindu philosophy.[16]Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The Kalpa Vedanga studies, for example, gave rise to the Dharma-sutras, which later expanded into Dharma-shastras.Template:Sfn[17]

See also

  • Sruti (श्रुति Script error: No such module "lang"., "that which is heard")
  • Smriti (स्मृति Script error: No such module "lang"., "that which is remembered")
  • Gurukula

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d James Lochtefeld (2002), "Vedanga" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing, Template:ISBN, pages 744-745
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ James Lochtefeld (2002), "Chandas" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing, Template:ISBN, page 140
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ W. J. Johnson (2009), A Dictionary of Hinduism, Oxford University Press, Template:ISBN, Article on Vyakarana
  7. ↑ James Lochtefeld (2002), "Vyakarana" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing, Template:ISBN, page 769
  8. ↑ James Lochtefeld (2002), "Nirukta" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing, Template:ISBN, page 476
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ James Lochtefeld (2002), "Jyotisha" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A-M, Rosen Publishing, Template:ISBN, pages 326-327
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Template:Cite EB1911
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Bibliography

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  • Moritz Winternitz: Geschichte der Indischen Literatur, Leipzig, 1905 - 1922, Vol. I - III. English translation: History of Indian Literature, Motilal Barnarsidass, Delhi, 1985, Vol I - III
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External links

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