Archips xylosteana
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Archips xylosteana, the variegated golden tortrix or brown oak tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae.
Distribution
This Palearctic moth is widespread in most of Europe, in Asia (China, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Siberia, Turkey), and in northern Africa (Algeria).[1][2][3]
Habitat
This moth species inhabit woodland and scrub in hilly and mountainous areas.[4][5]
Description
Archips xylosteana is a medium-sized to large moth with a wingspan reaching Script error: No such module "convert"..[5] The females are usually slightly larger than the males. The basic color of the fore wings varies from yellow-brown or ocher to pinkish brown, mottled with dark reddish brown markings. Forewings are broad and roughly rectangular. Hind wings are light grayish brown.[3] The design of the wings may appear lightly asymmetric, because at rest one of the wing covers the other[3] and hides part of it. The caterpillar varies from whitish gray to bluish with greenish reflections and have a black head.[3] Meyrick describes it - Forewings with termen sinuate, vertical, costal fold from base to 3/5, irregular; ochreous more or less fuscous-tinged, paler towards costa; a transverse dorsal spot near base, central fascia with anterior edge sinuate, costal patch broadly connected with it near costa, a blotch from above tornus sometimes connected with costal patch, and an apical spot dark ferruginous-brown. Hindwings grey, apex sometimes yellowish-tinged. Larva whitish-grey or pale greenish; head black;plate of 2 black, anterior edge white.[6] Julius von Kennel provides a full description.[7]
Biology
These moths fly from June to August in one generation.[3][5] They rest during the day in the foliage of trees and shrubs. Their activity begins at dusk.[5] They overwinter on tree trunks and thick boughs.
Caterpillars grow protected in a rolled leaf, perpendicularly to the midrib, from April to June. These larvae are polyphagous, feeding on various shrubs and deciduous trees,[3] mainly oak (Quercus), elm (Ulmus), linden (Tilia), hazel (Corylus), maples (Acer), ash (Fraxinus, firs (Abies), brambles (Rubus), honeysuckle (Lonicera) and St John's worts (Hypericum)).[4] They can also be found on various fruit trees (apple, pear, etc.) [8] and on some herbaceous plants.
Gallery
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Caterpillar
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Moth, side view
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Moth, female
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Mounted specimen. Male
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Bibliography
- Linnaeus, C. (1758): Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. 1-824. Holmiae (Laurentius Salvius).
- Robinson, G. S. & E. Schmidt Nielsen (1983): The Microlepidoptera described by Linnaeus and Clerck. — Systematic Entomology 8: 191-242.
References
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- ↑ Funa europaea
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f IDtools
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d UK Moths
- ↑ Meyrick, E., 1895 A Handbook of British Lepidoptera MacMillan, London pdf Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Keys and description
- ↑ Julius von Kennel, 1921, The Palaearktischen Tortriciden, eine monographische Darstellung. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 742 pp. - Palaearctic Tortricidae, a monograph.pdf at Zobodat 130- 131
- ↑ Historische Lepidopteren-Literatur / Schütze (1931)
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