Pennine Alps

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The Pennine Alps (Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx, Template:Langx), sometimes referred to as the Valais Alps (which are just the Northern Swiss part of the Pennine Alps), are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Italy (the Aosta Valley and Piedmont) and Switzerland (Valais).

The Pennine Alps are amongst the three highest major subranges of the Alps, together with the Bernese Alps and the Graian Alps that include the Mont Blanc massif.[1]

Geography

The Italian side is drained by the rivers Dora Baltea, Sesia and Toce, tributaries of the Po. The Swiss side is drained by the Rhône.

The Great St Bernard Tunnel, under the Great St Bernard Pass, leads from Martigny, Switzerland to Aosta.

Morphology

File:Pennine Alps in summer Satellite.jpg
2002 Satellite image of the Pennine Alps in summer. Part of the Mont Blanc massif is visible on the west. Its boundaries are the Aosta Valley on the south, Ossola valley on the east and Rhone valley on the north. It is separated from the Mont Blanc Massif by the Val Ferret, and the Lepontine Alps by the Simplon Pass. The black line demarks the Swiss-Italian and Swiss-French borders.

The main chain (watershed between the Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic Sea) runs from west to east on the border between Italy (south) and Switzerland (north). From Mont Vélan, the first high summit east of St Bernard Pass, the chain rarely goes below 3000 metres and contains many four-thousanders such as Matterhorn or Monte Rosa. The valleys are quite similar on both side of the border, being generally oriented perpendicular to the main chain and descending progressively into the Rhône Valley on the north and the Aosta Valley on the south. Unlike many other mountain ranges, the higher peaks are often located outside the main chain and found themselves between the northern valleys (Grand Combin, Weisshorn, Mischabel, Weissmies).

Peaks

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The chief peaks of the Pennine Alps are: Template:Col-float

Name Height
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Nadelhorn Script error: No such module "convert".
Grand Combin Script error: No such module "convert".
Lenzspitze Script error: No such module "convert".
Stecknadelhorn Script error: No such module "convert".
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Weissmies Script error: No such module "convert".
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Adlerhorn Script error: No such module "convert".
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Name Height
Mont Blanc de Cheilon Script error: No such module "convert".
Bouquetins Script error: No such module "convert".
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Brunegghorn Script error: No such module "convert".
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Pigne d'Arolla Script error: No such module "convert".
Mont Vélan Script error: No such module "convert".
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Aiguille de la Tsa Script error: No such module "convert".
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Grand Tournalin Script error: No such module "convert".
Rosablanche Script error: No such module "convert".
Wasuhorn Script error: No such module "convert".
Mont Avril Script error: No such module "convert".
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Name Height
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Glaciers

File:Weissmies.jpg
Weissmies
File:GrandCombin3.jpg
Grand Combin

Main glaciers:

Passes

File:Great St Bernard-700px.jpg
Great St Bernard pass

The chief passes of the Pennine Alps are:[2]

Mountain pass location type elevation
Sesiajoch Zermatt to Alagna snow 4,424 14,515
Domjoch Randa to Saas-Fee snow 4,286 14,062
Lisjoch Zermatt to Gressoney-La-Trinité snow 4,277 14,033
Mischabeljoch Zermatt to Saas-Fee snow 3,856 12,651
Alphubel Pass Zermatt to Saas-Fee snow 3,802 12,474
Adler Pass Zermatt to Saas-Fee snow 3,798 12,461
Moming Pass Zermatt to Zinal snow 3,745 12,287
Schwarztor Zermatt to Ayas snow 3,741 12,274
Ried Pass Sankt-Niklaus to Saas-Fee snow 3,597 11,800
Neues Weisstor Zermatt to Macugnaga snow 3,580 11,746
Allalin Pass Zermatt to Saas-Fee snow 3,570 11,713
Col de Valpelline Zermatt to Aosta snow 3,562 11,687
Biesjoch Randa to Turtmann snow 3,549 11,644
Triftjoch Zermatt to Zinal snow 3,540 11,615
Col du Sonadon Bourg-Saint-Pierre to the Val de Bagnes snow 3,489 11,447
Col d'Herens Zermatt to Evolène snow 3,480 11,418
Col Durand Zermatt to Zinal snow 3,474 11,398
Col des Maisons Blanches Bourg-Saint-Pierre to the Val de Bagnes snow 3,426 11,241
Col de Bertol Arolla to the Col d'Herens snow 3,414 11,200
Col du Mont Rouge Val de Bagnes to the Val d'Hérémence snow 3,341 10,962
Theodulpass Zermatt to Valtournenche snow 3,322 10,899
Col de Tracuit Zinal to Turtmann snow 3,252 10,670
Zwischbergen Pass Saas-Fee to Gondo snow 3,248 10,657
Col d'Oren Val de Bagnes to the Valpelline snow 3,242 10,637
Col de Seilon Val de Bagnes to the Val d'Hérémence snow 3,200 10,499
Col du Cret Val de Bagnes to the Val d'Hérémence snow 3,148 10,329
Col de Valcournera Valtournenche to the Valpelline snow 3,147 10,325
Col de Collon Arolla to Aosta snow 3,130 10,270
Col de Valsorey Bourg-Saint-Pierre to Aosta snow 3,113 10'214
Col de Chermontane Val de Bagnes to Arolla snow 3084 10,119
Cimes Blanches Valtournenche to Ayas bridle path 2,980 9,777
Col de Torrent Evolène to the Val de Torrent bridle path 2,924 9,593
Augstbord Pass Sankt-Niklaus to Turtmann bridle path 2,893 9,492
Col de Crête Sèche Val de Bagnes to the Valpelline snow 2,888 9,475
Col d'Olen Alagna to Gressoney bridle path 2,871 9,420
Monte Moro Saas-Fee to Macugnaga bridle path 2,862 9,390
Pas de Chevres Arolla to the Val d'Hérémence footpath 2,851 9,354
Antrona Pass Saas-Fee to Antrona bridle path 2,844 9,331
Col de Sorebois Zinal to the Val de Torrent bridle path 2,825 9,269
Col de Vessona Valpelline to Nus footpath 2,794 9,167
Fenêtre de Durand Val de Bagnes to Aosta bridle path 2,786 9,141
Z'Meiden Pass Zinal to Turtmann bridle path 2,772 9,095
Turlo Pass Alagna to Macugnaga footpath 2,736 8,977
Fenêtre de Ferret Great St Bernard to the Swiss Val Ferret bridle path 2,699 8,855
Bettaforca Pass[3] (Bättforko) Ayas to Gressoney-La-Trinité bridle path 2,676 8,780
Col Serena Great St Bernard to Morgex footpath 2,538 8,327
Col Ferret Courmayeur to Orsières bridle path 2,533 8,311
Col de Valdobbia Gressoney to the Val Sesia bridle path 2,479 8,134
Great St Bernard Martigny to Aosta road 2,472 8,111
Col de Moud Alagna to Rima bridle path 2,323 7,622
Col d'Egua Rima to the Valle Anzasca bridle path 2,236 7,336
Simplon Pass Brig to Domodossola road 2,009 6,592
Bocchetta del Croso Piedicavallo to Valsesia bridle path 1,941 6,374
Baranca Pass Varallo to the Val Anzasca bridle path 1,820 5,971

Nature conservation

Some regional nature parks, like the Parco Naturale Alta Valsesia (6,511 ha - Piedmont, IT),[4] the Mont Mars Nature Reserve (390 ha - Aosta Valley, IT) [5] and the Regional park of Binn valley (15,891 ha - Valais, CH),[6] have been established on both sides of the main water divide.

Maps

File:SwissTopo Map of the Western Alps.jpg
SwissTopo map of the Western Alps, centred on the Pennine Alps. The Mont Blanc Massif is visible in the west with the Bernese Alps to the north and Lepontine Alps to the north-east. The Ossola, Aosta, Ferret and Rhone valleys form its eastern, southern, western and northern boundaries. The Col Ferret and separates it from the Mont Blanc Massif, as does the Simplon Pass from the Lepontine Alps. At its centre is the Mattertal with its highest point, Dufourspitze, slightly southeast at the border with Italy. The thick red line demarks the French-Swiss and Swiss-Italian borders.

See also

Maps

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Template:Cite EB1911
  3. ↑ Hilary Sharp, Tour of Monte Rosa: A Trekker's Guide.
  4. ↑ Parco Naturale Alta Valsesia site on www.parks.it (accessed in April 2012)
  5. ↑ Mont Mars nature reserve website on www.lovevda.it (accessed in April 2012)
  6. ↑ Ein regionaler Naturpark, park site on www.landschaftspark-binntal.ch (accessed in April 2012)

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