Urbanus (butterfly)
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Urbanus is a genus of skipper butterflies erected by Jacob Hübner in 1807, placed to subtribe Eudamina.[1] Species of the genus are found from the southern United States to South America.[2]
Taxonomy
The genus has been subject to several revisions, one of which led to the type genus of subfamily Eudaminae, genus Eudamus, becoming a junior synonym of Urbanus. As a result of genome analysis of the Eudaminae, several species formerly considered part of Urbanus have been transferred to other genera, including to Cecropterus[1] and Spicauda.[1] Subsequently, Urbanus alva has been proposed as being distinct with the statement "Urbanus alva Evans, 1952 is a valid species and not a synonym of Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935), new status." (See Zhang et al. 2019) [3]
Species
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Except where separately referenced, this species list follows the classification of Li et al. 2019,[1] with distribution data sourced from Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms.[2]
Subgenus Urbanoides
- Urbanus elmina Evans, 1952 – Ecuador
- Urbanus esma Evans, 1952 – Brazil
- Urbanus esmeraldus (A. Butler, 1877) – Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Honduras to Brazil, Colombia
- Urbanus esta Evans, 1952 – Mexican coasts to Ecuador and Brazil[4]
- Urbanus evona Evans, 1952 – Mexico, Guatemala
- Urbanus prodicus E. Bell, 1956 – Mexico
- Urbanus viridis H. Freeman, 1970 – Mexico
Subgenus Urbanus
- Urbanus alva Evans, 1952 – Mexico
- Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935) – Mexico [?] to Bolivia, Argentina
- Urbanus bernikerni Burns, 2014
- Urbanus dubius Steinhauser, 1981 – Colombia
- Urbanus ehakernae Burns, 2014
- Urbanus huancavillcas (R. Williams, 1926) – Ecuador
- Urbanus longicaudus Austin, 1998 – Brazil
- Urbanus magnus Steinhauser, 1981 – Ecuador
- Urbanus megalurus (Mabille, 1877)
- Urbanus oplerorum
- Urbanus parvus Austin, 1998 – Brazil
- Urbanus pronta Evans, 1952 – Mexico, Honduras, to Ecuador
- Urbanus pronus Evans, 1952 – Central America, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay; Mexico[5]
- Urbanus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758) – southern US, Mexico, Central & South America
- Urbanus proteus proteus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Mexico
- Urbanus proteus domingo (Scudder, 1872) – Saba to Grenada, Haiti
- Urbanus rickardi
- Urbanus segnestami Burns, 2014
- Urbanus tucuti (R. Williams, 1927)
- Urbanus velinus (Plötz, 1881) – Brazil, Guyana
- Urbanus villus Austin, 1998 – Brazil
- Urbanus viterboana (Ehrmann, 1907) – Mexico to Colombia, Ecuador.
Former species
Transferred to Cecropterus:
- Urbanus dorantes (Stoll, 1790)
- Urbanus obscurus (Hewitson, 1867)
- Urbanus evenus (Ménétriés, 1855)
- Urbanus virescens (Mabille, 1877)
- Urbanus trebia (Möschler, 1879)
- Urbanus carmelita (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
- Urbanus reductus (N. Riley, 1919)
- Urbanus doryssus (Swainson, 1831)
- Urbanus albimargo (Mabille, 1875)
Transferred to Spicauda:
- Urbanus teleus (Hübner, 1821)
- Urbanus tanna Evans, 1952
- Urbanus ambiguus de Jong, 1983
- Urbanus cindra Evans, 1952
- Urbanus zagorus (Plötz, 1881)
- Urbanus simplicius (Stoll, 1790)
- Urbanus procne (Plötz, 1881)
Transferred to Telegonus
- Urbanus chalco (Hübner, 1823)
References
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External links
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