Specific weight
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The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol Template:Mvar, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, Template:Mvar, and gravity acceleration, Template:Mvar: Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m3), with base units of kgTemplate:Sdotm−2Template:Sdots−2. A commonly used value is the specific weight of water on Earth at Template:Convert, which is Template:Convert.[1]
Discussion
The density of a material is defined as mass divided by volume, typically expressed in units of kg/m3. Unlike density, specific weight is not a fixed property of a material, as it depends on the value of the gravitational acceleration, which varies with location (e.g., Earth's gravity). For simplicity, the standard gravity (a constant) is often assumed, usually taken as Template:Val.
Pressure may also affect values, depending upon the bulk modulus of the material, but generally, at moderate pressures, has a less significant effect than the other factors.[2]
Applications
Fluid mechanics
In fluid mechanics, specific weight represents the force exerted by gravity on a unit volume of a fluid. For this reason, units are expressed as force per unit volume (e.g., N/m3 or lbf/ft3). Specific weight can be used as a characteristic property of a fluid.[2]
Soil mechanics
Specific weight is often used as a property of soil to solve earthwork problems.
In soil mechanics, specific weight may refer to:
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Civil and mechanical engineering
Specific weight can be used in civil engineering and mechanical engineering to determine the weight of a structure designed to carry certain loads while remaining intact and remaining within limits regarding deformation.
Specific weight of water
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| Temperature(°C) | Specific weight (kN/m3) |
|---|---|
| 0 | 9.805 |
| 5 | 9.807 |
| 10 | 9.804 |
| 15 | 9.798 |
| 20 | 9.789 |
| 25 | 9.777 |
| 30 | 9.765 |
| 40 | 9.731 |
| 50 | 9.690 |
| 60 | 9.642 |
| 70 | 9.589 |
| 80 | 9.530 |
| 90 | 9.467 |
| 100 | 9.399 |
| Temperature(°F) | Specific weight (lbf/ft3) |
|---|---|
| 32 | 62.42 |
| 40 | 62.43 |
| 50 | 62.41 |
| 60 | 62.37 |
| 70 | 62.30 |
| 80 | 62.22 |
| 90 | 62.11 |
| 100 | 62.00 |
| 110 | 61.86 |
| 120 | 61.71 |
| 130 | 61.55 |
| 140 | 61.38 |
| 150 | 61.20 |
| 160 | 61.00 |
| 170 | 60.80 |
| 180 | 60.58 |
| 190 | 60.36 |
| 200 | 60.12 |
| 212 | 59.83 |
Specific weight of air
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| Temperature(°C) | Specific weight (N/m3) |
|---|---|
| −40 | 14.86 |
| −20 | 13.86 |
| 0 | 12.68 |
| 10 | 12.24 |
| 20 | 11.82 |
| 30 | 11.43 |
| 40 | 11.06 |
| 60 | 10.4 |
| 80 | 9.81 |
| 100 | 9.28 |
| 200 | 7.33 |
| Temperature(°F) | Specific Weight (lbf/ft3) |
|---|---|
| −40 | |
| −20 | 0.0903 |
| 0 | 0.08637 |
| 10 | 0.08453 |
| 20 | 0.08277 |
| 30 | 0.08108 |
| 40 | 0.07945 |
| 50 | 0.0779 |
| 60 | 0.0764 |
| 70 | 0.07495 |
| 80 | 0.07357 |
| 90 | 0.07223 |
| 100 | 0.07094 |
| 120 | 0.06849 |
| 140 | 0.0662 |
| 160 | 0.06407 |
| 180 | 0.06206 |
| 200 | 0.06018 |
| 250 | 0.05594 |
References
External links
- Submerged weight calculator
- Specific weight calculator
- http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/density-specific-weight-gravity-d_290.html
- http://www.themeter.net/pesi-spec_e.htm
- ↑ National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (2005). Fundamentals of Engineering Supplied-Reference Handbook (7th ed.). Template:ISBN.
- ↑ a b c d e f Finnemore, J. E. (2002). Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill. Template:ISBN.