List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use American English Template:Infobox political post

The United States ambassador to the United Kingdom, formally the ambassador of the United States of America to the Court of St James's[1] is the official representative of the president of the United States and the American government to the monarch (Court of St. James's) and government of the United Kingdom.[2] The position was last held by Jane D. Hartley, who presented her credentials to Queen Elizabeth II on July 19, 2022.[3]

The position is regarded as one of the most prestigious posts in the United States Foreign Service due to the "special relationship" between the United States and the United Kingdom.[4] The ambassadorship has been held by various notable politicians, including five who would later become president: John Adams, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan. However, the modern tendency of American presidents (of both parties) is to appoint keen political fundraisers from previous presidential campaigns, despite the importance and prestige of the office.[5]

The ambassador and executive staff work at the American Embassy in Nine Elms, London. The official residence of the ambassador is Winfield House in Regent's Park.[1]

Duties

The ambassador's main duty is to present U.S. policies to the government of the United Kingdom and its people, as well as report British policies and views to the federal government of the United States. The ambassador serves as a primary channel of communication between the two nations and plays an important role in treaty negotiations.

The ambassador is the head of the United States' consular service in the United Kingdom. As well as directing diplomatic activity in support of trade, the ambassador is ultimately responsible for visa services and for the provision of consular support to American citizens in the UK and oversees cultural relations between the two countries.

List of U.S. chiefs of mission to the Court of St James's

Ministers (1785–1812)

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John Adams is referred to as the first "ambassador".[6] He is also referred to as the first "minister plenipotentiary".[7] Plenipotentiary means "having full power"; a minister that has power to act for their country in all matters.[8]

Name Portrait Appointment Presentation Termination Appointer Notes
Template:Sortname File:Gilbert Stuart, John Adams, c. 1800-1815, NGA 42933.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Congress Second president of the United StatesTemplate:Efn
Template:Sortname File:Thomas Pinckney.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Gilbert Stuart - Portrait of Rufus King (1819-1820) - Google Art Project.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:James Monroe (1758-1831).jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname Fifth president of the United States
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Ministers (1815–1893)

Diplomatic relations with what had now become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were restored after the War of 1812. The Congress of Vienna (1815) established a uniform system of diplomatic rank. Under that system, the highest rank of "ambassador" was a personal representative of a sovereign, and the next rank of "minister", represented a government. As a republic, the United States maintained diplomatic relations with Britain at the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. The rank was colloquially known as Minister, and the position continued to be referred to as "United States Minister to Great Britain".

Name Portrait Appointment Presentation Termination Appointer Notes
Template:Sortname File:George P.A. Healy - John Quincy Adams - Google Art Project.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname Sixth president of the United States and son of John Adams
Template:Sortname File:Richard Rush engraving.png Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Gilbert Stuart - Portrait of Rufus King (1819-1820) - Google Art Project.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:AlbertGallatin.jpeg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:William Lawrence by J Cochran c 1820.jpg Nov 23, 1827 November 24, 1828 [9][10]
Template:Sortname File:BarbourT.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:LMcLane.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Martin Van Buren.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Eighth president of the United States
Template:Sortname File:Aaron Vail in 1845.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Efn
Template:Sortname File:SpeakerStevenson.png Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:The Public Library of the city of Boston - a history (1911) (14594074519) (cropped).jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:LMcLane.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:George Bancroft United States Secretary of Navy c. 1860.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Abbott Lawrence.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Appletons' Ingersoll Jared - Joseph Reed.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:James Buchanan.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname Fifteenth president of the United States
Template:Sortname File:George Mifflin Dallas 1848.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Charles Francis Adams crop.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname Son of John Quincy Adams
Template:Sortname File:Reverdy Johnson.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:John Lothrop Motley - Brady-Handy.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Robert C. Schenck.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Edwards Pierrepont Brady-Handy.tif Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:John Welsh 1805-1886.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Sortname
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Template:Sortname File:Robert Todd Lincoln - Harris and Ewing.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname

Ambassadors (1893–present)

Although France became a republic in 1870, the country continued to exchange ambassadors with other Great Powers. In 1893, the United States followed the French precedent and upgraded its relations with other Great Powers to the ambassadorial level. The United States Legation in London became the United States Embassy, and the United States Minister to Great Britain became the United States Ambassador to Great Britain.

Name Portrait Appointment Presentation Termination Appointer Notes
Template:Sortname File:Thomas F. Bayard, Brady-Handy photo portrait, circa 1870-1880.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:John Hay, bw photo portrait, 1897.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Joseph Hodges Choate cph.3b35057.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Whitelaw Reid, 1912.png Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Sortname †
Template:Sortname File:Walter Hines Page in 1917.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:John William Davis.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:George Brinton McClellan Harvey (crop).jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:FrankKellogg.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:AlansonBHoughton.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Chas G Dawes-H&E.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:AWMellon.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Robert-Worth-Bingham.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. 1938.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:John Gilbert Winant.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:William Averell Harriman.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Lewis Williams Douglas.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:GIFFORD, WALTER LCCN2016859804.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Winthrop Williams Aldrich - War Records of the Knickerbocker Club.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
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Template:Sortname File:David K. E. Bruce.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Walter Annenberg 1981.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
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Template:Sortname File:Anne Armstrong 1982.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Kingman Brewster Jr., photographic portrait -1951.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:John Louis and Ronald Reagan in 1981.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Charles H Price II.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Ambassador Henry Catto speaks on his experiences as a diplomat (cropped).jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Raymond G. H. Seitz (page 10 crop).jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Adm William Crowe Jr.JPG Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Philip Lader.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:William S. Farish.gif Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Robert Holmes Tuttle.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts
Template:Sortname File:Louis Susman US State Dept photo.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname
Template:Sortname File:Matthew Winthrop Barzun.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts January 18, 2017 Template:Efn
Template:Sortname File:Lewis Lukens ambassador 2011.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname Chargé d'Affaires[11]
Template:Sortname File:Robert Wood Johnson official portrait (cropped).jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts [12]
Template:Sortname File:Yael Lempert.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname Chargé d'Affaires[3]
Template:Sortname File:Philip T. Reeker.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Chargé d'Affaires[13]
Template:Sortname File:Priti Patel and Jane Hartley (cropped).jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts  
Template:Sortname File:Matthew Palmer official portrait.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts   Template:Sortname Chargé d'Affaires[14]
Template:Sortname File:United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom Warren Amerine Stephens.jpg Template:Dts Template:Dts Incumbent

See also

Notes

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References

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Further reading

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External links

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