Tulare County, California

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Tulare County (Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell".) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117.[1] The county seat is Visalia.[2] The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located south of Fresno, spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is located in the county, as is part of Kings Canyon National Park, in its northeast corner (shared with Fresno County), and part of Mount Whitney, on its eastern border (shared with Inyo County). As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117, up from 442,179 at the 2010 census.

History

File:Tulare County, California (1920).jpg
Road sign, 1920

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".The land was occupied for thousands of years by the Yokuts. Beginning in the eighteenth century, Spain established missions to colonize California and convert the American Indians to Christianity. Comandante Pedro Fages, while hunting for deserters in the Central Valley in 1772, discovered a great lake surrounded by marshes and filled with rushes; he named it Los Tules (the tules). It is from this lake that the county derives its name. The root of the name Tulare is found in the Nahuatl word tullin, designating cattail or similar reeds.

In 1805, 1806 and again in 1816, the Spanish out of Mission San Luis Obispo explored Lake Tulare.[3] Bubal was a native village located on the Western side of Lake Tulare. In 1816, Fr. Luis Martinez of Mission San Luis Obispo arrived at Bubal with soldiers and armed Christian Northern Chumash pressuring the people to send their children for baptism at his mission on the coast. Conflict broke out, and Martinez's party burned Bubal to the ground, destroying the cache of food harvested for the winter.[4] Although Bubal's relationship with the Christian Salinans under Fr. Cabot at Mission San Miguel was better, between 1816 and 1834, Bubal was a center of native resistance. The marshes around Lake Tulare were impenetrable by Spanish horses, which gave the Yokuts a military advantage. At one point, the Spanish considered building a presidio with 100 soldiers at Bubal to control the resistance, but that never came to pass. The Spanish called the natives of the area Tulareños, and before 1816 and after 1834, they were incorporated into Mission San Miguel and Mission San Luis Obispo.[4]

After Mexico achieved independence, it continued to rule California. After the Mexican Cession and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, the area became part of the United States. Tulare County was soon formed from parts of Mariposa County only four years later in 1852. There were two early attempts to split off a new Buena Vista County in 1855 and Coso County in 1864, but both failed. Parts of the county's territory were given to Fresno County in 1856, to Kern County and Inyo County in 1866 and to Kings County in 1893.

The infectious disease Tularemia caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis is named after Tulare County.

In 1908 Colonel Allen Allensworth and associates founded the town of Allensworth as a black farming community. They intended to develop a place where African Americans could thrive free of white discrimination. It was the only community in California founded, financed and governed by African Americans. While its first years were highly successful, the community encountered environmental problems from dropping water tables which eventually caused it to fail. Today the historic area is preserved as the Colonel Allensworth State Historic Park, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert"., or 0.3%, is water.[5]

Adjacent counties

File:Mount Whitney 2003-03-25.jpg
Mount Whitney is located on the Tulare–Inyo county line.

Lakes

File:Columbine Lake Panorama (8090458406).jpg
Columbine Lake

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Rivers

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Parks

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National protected areas

Sequoia National Park

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Sequoia National Park is located within Tulare County.

Sequoia National Park is a national park in the southern Sierra Nevada, east of Visalia. It was established in 1890 as the second U.S. national park, after Yellowstone. The park spans Script error: No such module "convert".. Encompassing a vertical relief of nearly Script error: No such module "convert"., the park contains among its natural resources the highest point in the contiguous 48 United States, Mount Whitney, at Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level. The park is south of and contiguous with Kings Canyon National Park; the two are administered by the National Park Service as one unit, called Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.

Flora

Tulare County is rich in native plant species due in part to a diversity in habitats, including creeks, rivers, hills, and mountains. Native plants include incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), valley oak (Quercus lobata), California bay (Umbellularia californica), manzanita (Arctostaphylos manzanita), Salvia spathacea, mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides), milkweed (Asclepias speciosa), Epilobium cleistogamum, monkeyflower (Mimulus), Penstemon, California melic (Melica californica), and deer grass (Muhlenbergia rigens).[6]

Government and policing

Administration

Tulare County is a general law county under the California Constitution. That is, it does not have a county charter. The county is governed by a five-member Board of Supervisors. Supervisors are elected by districts for four-year terms. There are no term limits in effect. The chairman and vice-chairman are elected annually by the Board of Supervisors from among its members.

Sheriff

The Tulare County Sheriff’s Office provides court protection, county jail operation, patrol and detective functions in the unincorporated areas of the county. Incorporated cities have municipal police departments or contract with the Sheriff’s Office for their police operations.

Transportation

Major highways

Public transportation

Tulare County Area Transit (TCaT) provides an intracounty bus service linking the population centers. One TCaT route connects to Delano in Kern County.

The cities of Tulare, Porterville, and Visalia have their own local intracity bus services.

Greyhound Lines provides long-distance, intercity bus service outside the county.

Airports

The Porterville Municipal Airport, located Script error: No such module "convert". from Downtown Porterville. The airport offers general aviation to the public; it is also home to Porterville Air Attack Base on the south part of the airport. The Visalia Municipal Airport is a city-owned airport for the city of Visalia, California. Mefford Field is a city-owned general aviation airport located in Tulare.

The nearest full-operation commercial airports are Bakersfield's Meadows Field Airport to the south, and Fresno's Fresno Yosemite International Airport to the north. V-LINE buses operate daily service between the Visalia Transit Center and the Fresno Airport.

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense, as of 2019.

Population and crime rates
Population[7] 473,117
Violent crime[8] 334 0.70
  Homicide[8] 9 0.01
  Forcible rape[8] 30 0.06
  Robbery[8] 64 0.13
  Aggravated assault[8] 231 0.48
Property crime[8] 1,893 4.00
  Burglary[8] 637 1.34
  Larceny-theft[8][note 1] 1,254 2.65
  Motor vehicle theft[8] 2 0.004
Arson[8] 0 0.00

Cities by population and crime rates

Cities by population and crime rates
City Population[9] Violent crimes[9] Violent crime rate
per 1,000 persons
Property crimes[9] Property crime rate
per 1,000 persons
Dinuba 24,685 161 6.52 530 21.47
Exeter 10,557 26 2.46 265 25.10
Farmersville 10,781 35 3.24 190 17.62
Lindsay 13,708 69 5.03 250 18.23
Porterville 60,209 192 3.18 1,297 21.54
Tulare 65,134 261 4.00 1,469 22.55
Visalia 134,961 586 4.34 3,900 28.89
Woodlake 7,682 28 3.64 88 11.45

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly
18604,638
18704,533Script error: No such module "String".%
188011,281Script error: No such module "String".%
189024,574Script error: No such module "String".%
190018,375Script error: No such module "String".%
191035,440Script error: No such module "String".%
192059,031Script error: No such module "String".%
193077,442Script error: No such module "String".%
1940107,152Script error: No such module "String".%
1950149,264Script error: No such module "String".%
1960168,403Script error: No such module "String".%
1970188,322Script error: No such module "String".%
1980245,738Script error: No such module "String".%
1990311,921Script error: No such module "String".%
2000368,021Script error: No such module "String".%
2010442,179Script error: No such module "String".%
2020473,117Script error: No such module "String".%
2024 (est.)483,546[10]Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]
1860–1870[12][13] 1880–1890[14]
1900[15] 1910[16] 1920[17]
1930[18] 1940[19] 1950[20]
1960[21] 1970[22] 1980[23]
1990[24] 2000[25] 2010[26]

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2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 473,117 and a median age of 32.3 years; 30.0% of residents were under the age of 18 and 12.2% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.4 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 96.5 males.[27]

The racial makeup was 39.4% White, 1.4% Black or African American, 2.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.6% Asian, 0.2% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 34.9% from some other race, and 18.3% from two or more races; Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 65.5% of the population.[28]

According to Census 2020, 3.7% of residents reported German ancestry, 3.2% English, 2.8% Irish, 2.4% Portuguese, and 2.3% American, while 48.7% spoke English, 47.4% Spanish, and 1.0% Indo-European languages as their first language.[29]

79.9% of residents lived in urban areas, while 20.1% lived in rural areas.[30]

There were 141,987 households, of which 45.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 24.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present, 16.8% of households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. Of all households, 52.5% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a male householder with no spouse present, 20.8% were non-families, and the average household and family sizes were 3.20 and 3.57 respectively.[27]

There were 150,652 housing units, of which 5.8% were vacant; among occupied units, 58.5% were owner-occupied and 41.5% were renter-occupied, with homeowner and rental vacancy rates of 1.1% and 3.6%, respectively.[27]

The population density was Script error: No such module "convert"..[31]

The median income for a household in the county was $57,692, and the median income for a family was $53,330. The per capita income for the county was $23,096.[32] About 18.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.[32]

Racial and ethnic composition

Tulare County, California – Racial and ethnic composition
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Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[33] Pop 1990[34] Pop 2000[35] Pop 2010[36] Pop 2020[37] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 159,996 170,283 153,916 143,935 125,022 65.11% 54.59% 41.82% 32.55% 26.43%
Black or African American alone (NH) 3,448 4,305 5,122 5,497 5,332 1.40% 1.38% 1.39% 1.24% 1.13%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 2,558 3,228 3,011 3,323 3,458 1.04% 1.03% 0.82% 0.75% 0.73%
Asian alone (NH) 5,066 12,468 11,457 14,204 15,997 2.06% 4.00% 3.11% 3.21% 3.38%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [38] x [39] 257 370 511 x x 0.07% 0.08% 0.11%
Other race alone (NH) 1,372 744 444 641 2,132 0.56% 0.24% 0.12% 0.14% 0.45%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [40] x [41] 6,968 6,144 10,770 x x 1.89% 1.39% 2.28%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 73,298 120,893 186,846 268,065 309,895 29.83% 38.76% 50.77% 60.62% 65.50%
Total 245,738 311,921 368,021 442,179 473,117 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 Census

The 2010 United States census reported that Tulare County had a population of 442,179. The racial makeup of Tulare County was 265,618 (60.1%) White, 7,196 (1.6%) African American, 6,993 (1.6%) Native American, 15,176 (3.4%) Asian, 509 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 128,263 (29.0%) from other races, and 18,424 (4.2%) from two or more races. There were 268,065 people (60.6%) of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race.[42]

2000 Census

As of the census[43] of 2000, there were 368,021 people, 110,385 households, and 87,093 families residing in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 119,639 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 58.1% White, 1.6% Black or African American, 1.6% Native American, 3.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 30.8% from other races, and 4.6% from two or more races. 50.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 6.2% were of American, 5.7% German and 5.0% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 56.3% spoke English, 38.9% Spanish and 1.1% Portuguese as their first language.

There were 110,385 households, out of which 44.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.1% were non-families. 17.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.28 and the average family size was 3.67.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 33.8% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $33,983, and the median income for a family was $36,297. Males had a median income of $30,892 versus $24,589 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,006. About 18.8% of families and 23.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.6% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.

Metropolitan Statistical Area

The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Tulare County as the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.[44] The United States Census Bureau ranked the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 111th most populous metropolitan statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[45]

The Office of Management and Budget has further designated the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as a component of the more extensive Visalia-Porterville-Hanford, CA Combined Statistical Area,[44] the 80th most populous combined statistical area and the 92nd most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[45][46]

According to the United States Census Bureau, Tulare County is the 7th largest county in California by total area.[7]

Politics

Voter registration statistics

Population and registered voters
Total population[7] 473,117
  Registered voters[47][note 2] 202,825 33.2%
    Democratic[47] 67,325 33.19%
    Republican[47] 77,175 38.05%
    Democratic–Republican spread[47] -9,850 -4.9%
    American Independent[47] 7,701 3.8%
    Green[47] 545 0.27%
    Libertarian[47] 2,111 1.04%
    Peace and Freedom[47] 1,066 0.53%
    Unknown[47] 1,703 0.84%
    Other[47] 963 0.47%
    No party preference[47] 44,236 21.81%

Cities by population and voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration
City Population[9] Registered voters[47]
[note 2]
Democratic[47] Republican[47] Others[47] No party preference[47]
Dinuba 24,685 37.22% 43.65% 26.74% 5.73% 23.86%
Exeter 10,557 49.92% 25.89% 47.37% 7.87% 18.85%
Farmersville 10,781 34.36% 40.91% 21.37% 7.1% 30.6%
Lindsay 13,708 28.63% 45.45% 19.92% 6.39% 28.22%
Porterville 60,209 40.03% 35.14% 33.39% 7.42% 24.03%
Tulare 65,134 45.77% 32.58% 38.27% 7.01% 22.12%
Visalia 134,691 54.04% 31.25% 40.74% 7.33% 20.66%
Woodlake 7,682 34.93% 48.21% 20.41% 6.29% 25.07%

Overview

Tulare is a strongly Republican county in presidential and congressional elections. The last Democratic candidate for president to win a majority in the county was Lyndon Johnson in 1964. In the 2016 presidential election, Republican candidate and overall winner, Donald Trump, won Tulare by a 9.39% margin of victory, the closest margin of victory for a Republican in the county since Richard Nixon's 8.37% margin in 1960. The Republican advantage narrowed further in the 2020 presidential election when Donald Trump won the county by a 7.82% margin despite losing nationally to Joe Biden, the closest margin of victory for a Republican in the county since Dwight D. Eisenhower's 5.33% margin in 1956. Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresFoot

In the United States House of Representatives, Tulare County is split between three congressional districts:[48]

In the California State Senate, it is split between two legislative districts:[49]

In the California State Assembly, the county is represented by the 33rd Assembly district, represented by Republican Devon Mathis, and the 32nd Assembly District, represented by Republican Vince Fong.[50]

Economy

The dairy industry, with sales of milk products, brings in the most revenue for the county, typically more than US$1 billion a year annually. Oranges, grapes, and cattle-related commodities also earn hundreds of millions of dollars annually.

In 2001, Tulare became the most productive county in the U.S. in terms of agricultural revenues, at US$3.5 billion annually. It surpassed Fresno County's US$3.2 billion, which had held the top spot for over two decades. Due to the importance of agriculture in the county as well as its location in the state, since 1968 the city of Tulare has been the site of the annual World Ag Expo,[51] the world's largest agricultural exposition.

Minor league sports teams, such as the baseball Visalia Rawhide of the class-A level California League (an affiliate to the Arizona Diamondbacks), two teams of the Minor League Football Association in Tulare and Visalia, and four teams of the Central California Basketball League based in Porterville, attract many residents and add to the amenities in the county. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Top employers

According to the county's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[52] the top employers in the county are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 County of Tulare 5,106
2 Visalia Unified School District 3,355
3 Kaweah Delta Medical Center 2,000
4 Sierra View District Hospital 1,800
5 Ruiz Food Production, Inc 1,800
6 Wal-Mart Distribution Center 1,692
7 Porterville Developmental Center 1,173
8 College of the Sequoias 1,160
9 Jostens 720
10 City of Visalia 653

Utilities and infrastructure

Electricity service in Tulare County is provided by Southern California Edison and PG&E. Gas is provided by SoCalGas and PG&E. TV and Internet service is provided by several companies, such as Spectrum, DISH, DirecTV and HughesNET.

Communities

Cities

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Census designated places

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Former census designated places

Other unincorporated communities

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Indian reservation

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Tulare County.[53]

county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2020 Census)
1 Visalia City 154,048
2 Tulare City 77,101
3 Porterville City 77,681
4 Dinuba City 34,855
5 Lindsay City 17,729
6 Farmersville City 10,397
7 Exeter City 10,334
8 Orosi CDP 8,329
9 Earlimart CDP 7,679
10 East Porterville CDP 5,549
11 Woodlake City 7,419
12 Cutler CDP 4,480
13 Ivanhoe CDP 4,468
t-14 Pixley CDP 3,828
t-14 Terra Bella CDP 2,910
15 Goshen CDP 4,968
16 Richgrove CDP 2,358
17 Strathmore CDP 2,830
18 Tipton CDP 2,519
19 Poplar-Cotton Center CDP 2,370
20 Three Rivers CDP 2,053
21 London CDP 1,518
22 Patterson Tract CDP 1,888
23 Woodville CDP 1,680
24 Teviston CDP 1,185
25 Matheny CDP 1,125
26 Tule River Reservation[54] AIAN 1,250
27 Alpaugh CDP 1,026
28 Plainview CDP 871
29 Springville CDP 967
30 Linnell Camp CDP 696
31 East Tulare Villa CDP 773
32 Sultana CDP 779
33 Traver CDP 731
34 Ducor CDP 616
35 West Goshen CDP 536
36 East Orosi CDP 423
37 Seville CDP 446
38 Allensworth CDP 531
39 Delft Colony CDP 412
40 Lindcove CDP 189
41 Tooleville CDP 286
42 Tonyville CDP 329
43 Lemon Cove CDP 298
44 Yettem CDP 201
45 Monson CDP 152
46 Pine Flat CDP 206
47 Rodriguez Camp CDP 133
48 El Rancho CDP 96
49 Waukena CDP 80
50 Camp Nelson CDP 106
51 Pierpoint CDP 59
52 Idlewild CDP 32
53 Panorama Heights CDP 44
54 California Hot Springs CDP 50
55 Hartland CDP 69
56 Kennedy Meadows CDP 58
57 Sugarloaf Saw Mill CDP 14
58 Ponderosa CDP 51
t-59 McClenney Tract CDP 15
t-59 Posey CDP 23
t-59 Sequoia Crest CDP 24
t-59 Sugarloaf Village CDP 7
60 Poso Park CDP 9
61 Wilsonia CDP 14
t-62 Cedar Slope CDP 10
t-62 Silver City CDP 0
t-62 Sugarloaf Mountain Park CDP 0

See also

Notes

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  1. Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.
  2. a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.

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References

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  9. a b c d Crime in the United States, 2019, Table 8 (California). Retrieved December 7, 2021.
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Further reading

External links

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