Trogon (genus)

Trogon is a genus of Coraciimorphae birds in the trogon family. Its members occur in forests and woodlands of the Americas, ranging from southeastern Arizona to northern Argentina.

They have large eyes, stout hooked bills, short wings, and long, squared-off, strongly graduated tails; black and white tail-feather markings form distinctive patterns on the underside. Males have richly colored metallic plumage, metallic on the upperparts. Although many have brightly coloured bare eye-rings, they lack the colorful patches of bare facial skin in their African counterparts, Apaloderma. Females and young are duller and sometimes hard to identify in the field. Eggs are white or bluish-white, unlike the pale blue eggs of quetzals. See the family account for further details.

Taxonomy

The genus Trogon was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the green-backed trogon (Trogon viridis) as the type species. The name of the genus is from the Ancient Greek τρωγων trōgōn for "fruit-eating" or "gnawing". The name had previously been used by the German naturalist Paul Möhring in 1752 for the blue-crowned trogon (Trogon curucui).

The following cladogram shows the relationships between the 20 species placed in the genus. It is based on a molecular phylogenetic study by Jeffrey Dacosta and John Klicka that was published in 2008. The cladogram incorporates the species splits that resulted from this study.

Certain plumage features map onto the phylogeny. In Clade A the females are brown-backed while in the other two clades females are gray-backed. The males in Clade A are all green-headed. In Clade B the males are green-headed and have mostly dark undertail patterns. In Clade C males are blue- or black-headed and have white or contrasting black-and-white undertail patterns. The belly color does not map onto the phylogeny. For example, in Clade C Baird's trogon is red-bellied while the white-tailed trogon is yellow-bellied. Similarly, the blue-crowned trogon is red-bellied while the Guianan trogon is yellow-bellied.

Species

The 20 species now recognised in the genus are:

Male	Female	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
File:Black-throated Trogon.jpg	File:Black-throated Trogon female RWD.jpg	Black-throated trogon or Yellow-bellied Trogon	Trogon rufus	Honduras south to western Ecuador and northern Argentina
File:Elegant Trogon (Trogon elegans).jpg	File:Elegant Trogon - female.jpg	Elegant trogon	Trogon elegans	Guatemala in the south as far north as the upper Gila River in Arizona and New Mexico
File:Male Mountain Trogon (Trogon mexicanus).jpg	File:Mountain Trogon fem - Mexico S4E0747 (16120203108).jpg	Mountain trogon	Trogon mexicanus	Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico and has occurred in El Salvador
File:Trogon collaris (Trogón collarejo) (15168087712).jpg		Collared trogon	Trogon collaris	northern Colombia, northern Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago
File:Masked Trogon JCB.jpg	File:Trogon personatus (Trogón enmascarado) - Hembra (16320067632).jpg	Masked trogon	Trogon personatus	the Andes
File:Trogon clathratus -Costa Rica-8.jpg	File:Trogon clathratus - (female) -Costa Rica-6.jpg	Lattice-tailed trogon	Trogon clathratus	Costa Rica and Panama
File:Slaty-tailed Trogon - Panama H8O2882 (16120379470).jpg	File:Slaty-tailed trogon (Trogon massena hoffmanni) female.jpg	Slaty-tailed trogon	Trogon massena	southeastern Mexico south through Central America, to Colombia, and a small region of northwestern Ecuador
File:Ecuadorian Trogon - Ecuador S4E9606.jpg		Ecuadorian trogon	Trogon mesurus (split from T. melanurus)	western Ecuador and far north-western Peru
File:Trogon comptus (male) -NW Ecuador-8.jpg		Chocó trogon	Trogon comptus	western Colombia and north-western Ecuador.
File:Black-tailed Trogon - Lake Bayano - Panama (48437843591).jpg	File:Black-tailed Trogon (F).jpg	Black-tailed trogon	Trogon melanurus	north-western South America and adjacent Panama
File:Trogon citreolus 1.jpg		Citreoline trogon	Trogon citreolus	western Mexico
File:Black-headed Trogon (27231397689).jpg	File:Black-headed Trogon (Trogon melanocephalus) (7222802632).jpg	Black-headed trogon	Trogon melanocephalus	northern Colombia, northern Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago
File:Trogon viridis (Green-backed Trogon), male, Restinga de Bertioga - SP - Brasil.jpg	File:Trogon viridis - White-tailed Trogon (female).jpg	Green-backed trogon	Trogon viridis	the Amazon, the Guiana Shield, Trinidad, and the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil
File:Bairds Trogon (6985578202).jpg	File:Baird's Trogon (49701710858).jpg	Baird's trogon	Trogon bairdii	Costa Rica and far western Panama
File:Trogon-viridis-002.jpg		White-tailed trogon	Trogon chionurus (split from T. viridis)	Chocó, ranging from Panama, through western Colombia, to western Ecuador
File:Gartered Trogon - Mexico S4E9784.jpg	File:Gartered trogon (Trogon caligatus) female.jpg	Gartered trogon	Trogon caligatus (split from T. violaceus)	east-central Mexico, south through Central America, to west or north of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela
		Amazonian trogon	Trogon ramonianus (split from T. violaceus)	the Amazon
File:Trogon surrucura -Parque Estadual da Serra da Cantareira, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg	File:Trogon surrucura -Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil-8.jpg	Surucua trogon	Trogon surrucura	south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and far north-eastern Argentina and Uruguay
File:Trogon violaceus 3.jpg		Guianan trogon	Trogon violaceus	Mexico, Central America, and northern South America
File:Blue-crowned Trogon.JPG		Blue-crowned trogon	Trogon curucui	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru

References

ca:Trogon