Lysimachia
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Template:Automatic taxobox
Lysimachia (Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell".)[1] is a genus consisting of 182 accepted species of flowering plants traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae.[2] Based on a molecular phylogenetic study it was transferred to the family Myrsinaceae,[3] before this family was later merged into the Primulaceae.[4]
Characteristics
Lysimachia species often have yellow flowers, and grow vigorously. They tend to grow in damp conditions. Several species within Lysimachia are commonly called loosestrife, although this name is also used for plants within the genus Lythrum. The genus is named in honor of Lysimachus, a king of ancient Sicily, who is said to have calmed a mad ox by feeding it a member of the genus.[5]
Lysimachia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including the dot moth, grey pug, lime-speck pug, small angle shades, and v-pug.
Specialized pollinators
Bees of the genus Macropis are specialized to pollinate oil-producing Lysimachia plants. These bees use exclusively Lysimachia floral oils for building their nests and provisioning cells. Lysimachia floral-specific chemicals are strong attractors for Macropis nuda and Macropis fulvipes bees that are seldom found in other plant genera.[6]
Fossil record
Several fossil seeds of Lysimachia sp. have been described from middle Miocene strata of the Fasterholt area near Silkeborg in Central Jutland, Denmark.[7] †Lysimachia nikitinii seed fossils have been collected from Pliocene strata of south eastern Belarus. The fossils are most similar to seeds of the East Asian Lysimachia davurica.[8]
Selected species
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
282 species are accepted.[2] Selected species include:
- Lysimachia arvensis L. – Scarlet pimpernel
- Lysimachia asperulifolia Poir.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., orth. var. L. asperulaefolia – roughleaf yellow loosestrife (endemic to Atlantic coastal plain in North and South Carolina)
- Lysimachia atropurpurea L. – purple gooseneck loosestrife
- Lysimachia azorica Hornem. ex Hook. – (endemic to the Azores)
- Lysimachia barystachys Bunge – Manchurian yellow loosestrife
- Lysimachia ciliata L. – fringed loosestrife (North America)
- Lysimachia clethroides Duby – gooseneck loosestrife
- Lysimachia × commixta FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – a hybrid of L. terrestris and L. thyrsiflora
- Lysimachia congestiflora Hemsl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Lysimachia daphnoides (A.Gray) Hillebr. – Lehua makanoe (Island of Kauaʻi in Hawaiʻi)
- Lysimachia filifolia C.N.Forbes (Islands of Oʻahu and Kauaʻi in Hawaiʻi)
- Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance
- Lysimachia fraseri Duby – Fraser's yellow loosestrife (Southeastern United States)
- Lysimachia glutinosa RockScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Lysimachia hillebrandii Hook.f. ex A.Gray – kolokolo kuahiwi (Hawaiʻi)
- Lysimachia hybrida Michx.
- Lysimachia iniki K.L.MarrScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Wailua River yellow loosestrife (endemic to Kauai, Hawaii)
- Lysimachia japonica Thunb.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Lysimachia latifolia (Hook.) CholewaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Pacific starflower
- Lysimachia lichiangensis Forrest
- Lysimachia lydgatei Hillebr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Maui yellow loosestrife (endemic to Maui, Hawaii)
- Lysimachia maritima (L.) Galasso, Banfi & SoldanoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Lysimachia mauritiana Lam.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Lysimachia minoricensis J.J.Rodr. (Spain)
- Lysimachia nemorum L. – yellow pimpernel
- Lysimachia nummularia L. – creeping jenny, moneywort (Europe, introduced in North America)
- Lysimachia pendens K.L.MarrScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Lysimachia × producta (A.Gray) FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – a hybrid of L. terrestris and L. quadrifolia
- Lysimachia punctata L. – spotted loosestrife
- Lysimachia quadriflora Sims – four-flower yellow loosestrife (Eastern North America)
- Lysimachia quadrifolia L. – whorled loosestrife (Eastern North America)
- Lysimachia remyi Hillebr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (islands of Maui and Molokaʻi in Hawaiʻi)
- Lysimachia remyi subsp. maxima (Masam.) I.C.Oh & Anderb. (Molokaʻi)
- Lysimachia remyi subsp. remyi (Maui and Molokaʻi)
- Lysimachia scopulensis K.L.MarrScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Lysimachia sertulata Baudo – Chilean melilukul
- Lysimachia terrestris (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – swamp candles (North America)
- Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – tufted loosestrife
- Lysimachia venosa (Wawra) H.St.JohnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – veined yellow loosestrife (endemic to Kauai, Hawaii)
- Lysimachia verticillaris Biehler
- Lysimachia vulgaris L. – garden loosestrife, yellow loosestrife (Eurasia)
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Native Plant Information Network (NPIN)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Angiosperm Fruits and Seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark) by Else Marie Friis, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters 24:3, 1985
- ↑ The Pliocene flora of Kholmech, south-eastern Belarus and its correlation with other Pliocene floras of Europe by Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK - Acta Palaeobotanica 43(2): 137–259, 2003
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
- Lysimachus' Dog & Nisaean Horses - Informative but non-scholarly essay on Lysimachia & Lysimachus (Annotated with Sources).
- Pictures of Lysimachia sertulata.
- PAF - Lysimachia clethroides - Duby.