Gothenburg tram network

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Template:Short description Template:Expand Swedish Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Public transit The Gothenburg tramway network (Template:Langx) is part of the public transport system organised by Göteborgs Spårvägar, controlled by Västtrafik in the Swedish city of Gothenburg.[1] The system's approximately Script error: No such module "convert". of single track — making it the largest tram network in Northern Europe[2] — is used by around 200 trams since 2006Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., which serve twelve day-time and five night-time lines with a combined line length of 190 km. These figures are expected to increase when the second stage of Kringen (short for Kollektivringen, the public transport ring) is finished. The trams perform about 2,000 trips and cover 30,000 km per day. In 2018, 131 million journeys were made (with changes counting as a new journey).[3]

History

The first tram line in Gothenburg was started in 1879 by the English company Gothenburg Tramway Ltd. This was a horse-drawn tramway, which stretched from Brunnsparken to Stigbergsliden. The city of Gothenburg bought the tramway in 1900, and introduced electrically powered trams only two years later when Sigfrid Edström led the electrification of the trams. During the next 40 years, the tram system was heavily expanded, reaching outside the city borders by 1907, and Hisingen in 1940.

In the 1960s, plans for converting the tram system to an underground rapid transit system were created, and the new tram sections to the Tynnered, Angered, Bergsjön and Länsmansgården suburbs were built free from level crossings and partly in tunnels to make a future conversion to underground standards easier. However, after further investigation, it was concluded that it would be too expensive to dig the necessary tunnels under the city centre, as the foundation of the city is partially made up of clay.

File:Tram in Gothenburgh 1963.jpg
Tram in Gothenburg 1963, before the switch to right-hand drive

When Sweden's switch to right-hand traffic in 1967 made existing unidirectional trams obsolete, Gothenburg was one of only two cities in Sweden to maintain its city-centre tramway, the other such network to survive being the Norrköping tramway.

The expansion of the net through the Kringen is gradually creating a tramway ring around the city centre. In 1999 the first step was started, which most notably included the 1,050 m long Chalmers tunnel which was opened for traffic in 2002, connecting the Chalmers station with the Korsvägen hub. The second and third steps are currently in the planning stage.

File:Gothenburg old tram 2.JPG
A vintage (bogie) tram on line 12. The "Liseberg Line" runs in summers, as a tourist attraction.

Since 2010, the previously used magnetic stripe cards have been replaced with RFID cards. Ticket machines taking coins and credit cards have also been installed on the trams, along with a text message system where tickets may be purchased with mobile phones.[4] From about 2019, a phone app has become the leading mode of ticket purchase.

Lines

File:Tram Göteborg ubt-4.ogv
A M32 tram in Gothenburg
File:Gothenburg tram stop.jpg
Two trams meet at Centralstationen tram station.
Line Stretch Length Stops Travel time[Note 1] Average speed[Note 1] Passengers/day[Note 2]
File:Spårvagnslinje 1.svg Tynnered–Östra Sjukhuset 15.6 km 33 47/49 min 19.1 km/h 32 500
File:Spårvagnslinje 2.svg Högsbotorp–Mölndal (via Ullevi) 12.9 km 27 40 min[Note 3]
File:Spårvagnslinje 3.svg Marklandsgatan–Kålltorp (via Brunnsparken) 12.7 km 30 44/45 min 16.9 km/h 32 400
File:Spårvagnslinje 4.svg Mölndal–Angered (via Brunnsparken) 19.3 km 21 41/40 min 28.2 km/h 27 400
File:Spårvagnslinje 5.svg Östra Sjukhuset–Länsmansgården (via Korsvägen) 13.8 km 29 39/38 min 21.2 km/h 25 500
File:Spårvagnslinje 6.svg Länsmansgården–Kortedala (via Järntorget-Sahlgrenska-Korsvägen) 24.6 km 46 71/71 min 20.7 km/h 43 400
File:Spårvagnslinje 7.svg Tynnered–Bergsjön 21.1 km 35 54/55 min 23.0 km/h 35 900
File:Spårvagnslinje 8.svg Frölunda–Angered (via Korsvägen) 21.3 km 25 46/47 min 27.2 km/h 19 600
File:Spårvagnslinje 9.svg Kungssten–Angered (via Brunnsparken) 19.0 km 21 43/43 min 26.5 km/h 25 600
File:Spårvagnslinje 10.svg Guldheden–Eketrägatan/Biskopsgården 8.8 km[Note 4] 17/23 24/31 / 25/32 min 21.7 km/h[Note 5] 15 600
File:Spårvagnslinje 11.svg Saltholmen–Bergsjön 21.8 km 38 58/58 min 22.6 km/h 38 000
File:Spårvagnslinje 12.svg Planned tram lineScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
File:Spårvagnslinje 13.svg –Saltholmen (going to Saltholmen via Järntorget and Kungssten, but via Marklandsgatan and Korsvägen going to Central Station) 7.9 km 13 23 min[Note 3]
File:Spårvagnslinje 14.svg Brämaregården–Nymånegatan. 12 stops
File:Lisebergslinjen sign.svg "Liseberg Line" operated by heritage trams. Has the route Central Station – Liseberg – (Sankt Sigfrids plan) (3.5 km; 8 stops).
File:GS Övningsvagnskylt.svg Instead of route number on cars used for driver training (when not with passengers) and at special events. One example is the European Athletics Championships in August 2006 when the line sign was "Teams Tram" for the European Championship participant.

Most tram lines pass through Brunnsparken, which is effectively the central hub of public transport in Gothenburg. The exceptions are lines 8 and 14. The Central Station is also a major stop, especially because it is the nearest stop not only for train passengers but also passengers coming from the neighbouring Nils Ericson Terminal, where coaches, airport buses to Landvetter Airport and City Airport (not being used for public passenger travel, but remains open for flying schools) and regional buses stop. Korsvägen is another major stop, where lines 6 and 8 meet lines going into the city centre and out to Mölndal. Most tram lines are on the south side of the river, but lines 5, 6, 10 and 14 cross Hisingsbron to the north side.

File:GS 363, Kungsportsavenyn, 2019 (01).jpg
The M31 trams have been re-built with a low-floor section.
File:Västra hamngatan, Göteborg - 20240512 - 452.jpg
The M33 tram numbered 508.

Accidents and incidents

Rolling stock

The types of tramcars currently running in Gothenburg are:

  • M28, ASJL 1965–1967, 701–711, 713–763, 766, 767 (M28 was permanently decommissioned for safety reasons on 28 October 2021[6])
  • M29, Hägglund 1969–1972, 801–838, 840–857, 859, 860
  • Template:Ill (previously M21 ASEA 1984–1992, rebuilt with low-floor middle articulation), ASEA/MGB 1998–2003, 300–305, 307-380
  • M32 Sirio, AnsaldoBreda 2005–2013, (as of January 2016) 401–465
  • M33 Flexity Classic, Alstom 2019–,
  • M34 Flexity Classic, Alstom 2023–, (M34 is a longer version of M33)

In 2013 work with deciding new tram stocks began. By April 2016, it was announced that a minimum 40 trams of the new model M33 had been ordered from Bombardier Transportation Sweden AB/Vossloh Kiepe GmbH for delivery by year 2019.[7] In 2022, Västtrafik ordered 40 more trams of the same model, an order that was later expanded to 60, to be designated M34. They were first put in service on 19 January 2025.[8] When all M33 and M34 trams are delivered in 2026, the old M29 trams still in service will be decommissioned.[9][10]

There is a fleet of heritage trams used in the network. One of the oldest trams, M1 15, which was built in 1902, is preserved in operational condition.

See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ a b Measured during rush hours, first number along stretch as written, second number in opposite direction.
  2. ↑ Measured weekdays in November 2005.
  3. ↑ a b Timetable value, not actually measured
  4. ↑ From Guldheden to Eketrägatan.
  5. ↑ From Guldheden to Biskopsgården.

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References

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External links

Template:Sister-inline

Template:Gothenburg Template:Urban public transport in Sweden

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