The Mothers of Invention

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from The Mothers Of Invention)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Redirect-distinguish Template:Use mdy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Mothers of Invention (also known as the Mothers) was an American rock band from California.[1] Formed on May 9, 1965,[2] their work is marked by the use of sonic experimentation, innovative album art, and elaborate live shows. Originally an R&B band called the Soul Giants, the band's first lineup comprised Ray Collins, David Coronado, Ray Hunt, Roy Estrada, and Jimmy Carl Black. Frank Zappa was asked to take over as the guitarist when a fight between Collins and Hunt led to the latter's being fired. Zappa insisted they perform his original material—a decision that resulted in Coronado's leaving because he did not agree to the change—and on Mother's Day in 1965 the band changed its name to the Mothers. Record executives demanded the name be changed again, and so, "out of necessity", Zappa later said, "We became the Mothers of Invention", referring to the proverb "Necessity is the mother of invention".

After early struggles, the Mothers enjoyed substantial popular commercial success. The band first became popular playing in California's underground music scene in the late 1960s. With Zappa at the helm, it was signed to jazz label Verve Records as part of the label's diversification plans.[3] Verve released the Mothers of Invention's début double album Freak Out! in 1966, recorded by Zappa, Collins, Black, Estrada and Elliot Ingber. During its original run, the band's ever-changing lineup also included Don Preston, Bunk Gardner, Billy Mundi, Jim Fielder, Ian Underwood, Jim "Motorhead" Sherwood, Art Tripp, Buzz Gardner, and Lowell George. The Mothers released a series of critically acclaimed albums, including Absolutely Free, We're Only in It for the Money, and Uncle Meat, before being disbanded by Zappa in 1969. In 1970, he formed a new version of the Mothers that included Ian Underwood, Jeff Simmons, George Duke, Aynsley Dunbar and singers Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan (formerly of the Turtles, but who for contractual reasons were credited in this band as the Phlorescent Leech & Eddie or Flo & Eddie for short). Later replacing Simmons with another ex-Turtle, bassist Jim Pons, this second incarnation of the Mothers endured through December 1971, when Zappa was seriously injured and almost killed by an audience member during a concert appearance in London.[4]

Zappa focused on big-band and orchestral music while recovering from his injuries, and in 1973 formed the Mothers' final lineup, which included Ian Underwood, George Duke, Ralph Humphrey, Sal Marquez, Bruce Fowler, Tom Fowler, and Ruth Underwood. Napoleon Murphy Brock and Chester Thompson also joined the band later that year. The final non-archival album using the Mothers (of Invention) name, Bongo Fury (1975), featured Captain Beefheart, as well as guitarist Denny Walley and drummer Terry Bozzio, both of whom continued to play for Zappa on subsequent non-Mothers releases.

History

Early years (1964–1965)

The Soul Giants were formed in 1964. In early 1965, Frank Zappa was approached by Ray Collins who asked him to take over as the guitarist following a fight between Collins and the group's original guitarist.Template:SfnScript error: No such module "Unsubst". Zappa accepted, and convinced the other members that they should play his music to increase the chances of getting a record contract.Template:Sfn Original leader David Coronado did not think that the band would be employable if they played original material, and left the band.Template:Sfn Zappa soon assumed leadership and the role as co-lead singer, even though he never considered himself a singer.[5]

The band was renamed the Mothers on May 9, 1965,[2] coincidentally Mother's Day.Template:Sfn The group increased their bookings after beginning an association with manager Herb Cohen, while they gradually gained attention on the burgeoning Los Angeles underground music scene.Template:Sfn In early 1966, they were spotted by leading record producer, Tom Wilson, when playing Zappa's "Trouble Every Day", a song about the Watts Riots.Template:Sfn[6] Wilson had earned acclaim as the producer for singer-songwriter Bob Dylan and the folk-rock act Simon & Garfunkel, and was notable as one of the few African Americans working as a major label pop music producer at this time.[7]

Wilson signed the Mothers to the Verve Records division of MGM Records, which had built up a strong reputation in the music industry for its releases of modern jazz recordings in the 1940s and 1950s, but was attempting to diversify into pop and rock audiences. Verve insisted that the band officially rename themselves because "Mother" in slang terminology was short for "motherfucker"—a term that apart from its profanity, in a jazz context connotes a very skilled musical instrumentalist.[8] The label suggested the name "The Mothers Auxiliary", which prompted Zappa to come up with the name "The Mothers of Invention".

Debut album: Freak Out! (1966)

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Script error: No such module "Listen". With Wilson credited as producer, the Mothers of Invention, augmented by a studio orchestra, recorded the groundbreaking Freak Out! (1966) which, preceded by Bob Dylan's Blonde on Blonde, was the second rock double album of new material ever released. It mixed R&B, doo-wop, musique concrète,Template:Sfn and experimental sound collages that captured the "freak" subculture of Los Angeles at that time.Template:Sfn Although he was dissatisfied with the final product—in a late 1960s radio interview (included in the posthumous MOFO Project/Object compilation) Zappa recounted that the side-long closing track "Return of the Son of Monster Magnet" was intended to be the basic track for a much more complex work which Verve did not allow him to complete—Freak Out immediately established Zappa as a radical new voice in rock music, providing an antidote to the "relentless consumer culture of America".Template:Sfn The sound was raw, but the arrangements were sophisticated. While recording in the studio, some of the additional session musicians were shocked that they were expected to read the notes on sheet music from charts with Zappa conducting them, since it was not standard when recording rock music.Template:Sfn The lyrics praised non-conformity, disparaged authorities, and had dadaist elements. Yet, there was a place for seemingly conventional love songs.Template:Sfn Most compositions are Zappa's, which set a precedent for the rest of his recording career. He had full control over the arrangements and musical decisions and did most overdubs. Wilson provided the industry clout and connections to get the group the financial resources needed.Template:Sfn

Absolutely Free

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Wilson nominally produced the Mothers' second album Absolutely Free (1967), which was recorded in November 1966, and later mixed in New York, although by this time Zappa was in de facto control of most facets of the production. It featured extended playing by the Mothers of Invention and focused on songs that defined Zappa's compositional style of introducing abrupt, rhythmical changes into songs that were built from diverse elements.Template:Sfn Examples are "Plastic People" and "Brown Shoes Don't Make It", which contained lyrics critical of the hypocrisy and conformity of American society, but also of the counterculture of the 1960s.Template:Sfn As Zappa put it, "[W]e're satirists, and we are out to satirize everything."Template:Sfn

New York period (1966–1968)

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year.[9] As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York.Template:Sfn Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals.Template:Sfn Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a "gook baby".Template:Sfn

Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968).[10] It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band,[11] its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.Template:Sfn

Reflecting Zappa's eclectic approach to music, the next album, Cruising with Ruben & the Jets (1968), was very different. It represented a collection of doo-wop songs; listeners and critics were not sure whether the album was a satire or a tribute.Template:Sfn Zappa has noted that the album was conceived in the way Stravinsky's compositions were in his neo-classical period: "If he could take the forms and clichés of the classical era and pervert them, why not do the same ... to doo-wop in the fifties?"Template:Sfn A theme from Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring is heard during one song. The album and a single consisting of the songs "Deseri" and "Jelly Roll Gum Drop" were released under the alias Ruben and the Jets.[12][13]

Return to Los Angeles and break up (1968–1969)

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in the summer of 1968. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially.Template:Sfn Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his "electrical chamber music".Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Recorded from September 1967 to September 1968 and released in early 1969, Uncle Meat, the final release by the original Mothers, was a double album of varied music, intended as a soundtrack for a proposed film of the same name.

In November 1968, after Collins had left for the final time, Zappa recruited future Little Feat guitarist Lowell George to replace him.

In 1969, there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties, whether they played or not.Template:Sfn 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with the label's interference, left MGM Records for Warner Bros.' Reprise subsidiary, where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint.

In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason,Template:Sfn but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.Template:Sfn Many band members were bitter about Zappa's decision, and some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling.Template:Sfn Others were irritated by "his autocratic ways",Template:Sfn exemplified by Zappa's never staying at the same hotel as the band members.Template:Sfn Several members would, however, play for Zappa in years to come. Zappa began recruiting new band members at this time, even asking Micky Dolenz from The Monkees to join. Zappa had appeared on the series and in the movie Head.[14]Template:Sfn Remaining recordings with the band from this period were collected on Burnt Weeny Sandwich and Weasels Ripped My Flesh (both released in 1970).

George and Estrada formed Little Feat with Richie Hayward and Bill Payne after the Mothers disbanded.

Rebirth of the Mothers and filmmaking (1970)

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:Mark-Volman.jpg
Mark Volman performing with the Mothers in 1971.

Later in 1970, Zappa formed a new version of the Mothers (from then on, he mostly dropped the "of Invention"). It included British drummer Aynsley Dunbar, jazz keyboardist George Duke, Ian Underwood, Jeff Simmons (bass, rhythm guitar), and three members of the Turtles: bass player Jim Pons, and singers Mark Volman and Howard Kaylan, who, due to persistent legal and contractual problems, adopted the stage name "The Phlorescent Leech and Eddie", or "Flo & Eddie".Template:Sfn

This version of the Mothers debuted on Zappa's next solo album Chunga's Revenge (1970),Template:Sfn which was followed by the double-album soundtrack to the movie 200 Motels (1971), featuring the Mothers, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Ringo Starr, Theodore Bikel, and Keith Moon. Co-directed by Zappa and Tony Palmer, it was filmed in a week at Pinewood Studios outside London.Template:Sfn Tensions between Zappa and several cast and crew members arose before and during shooting.Template:Sfn The film deals loosely with life on the road as a rock musician.Template:Sfn It was the first feature film photographed on videotape and transferred to 35 mm film, a process which allowed for novel visual effects.Template:Sfn It was released to mixed reviews.Template:Sfn The score relied extensively on orchestral music, and Zappa's dissatisfaction with the classical music world intensified when a concert, scheduled at the Royal Albert Hall after filming, was canceled because a representative of the venue found some of the lyrics obscene. In 1975, he lost a lawsuit against the Royal Albert Hall for breach of contract.Template:Sfn

After 200 Motels, the band went on tour, which resulted in two live albums, Fillmore East – June 1971 and Just Another Band from L.A.; the latter included the 20-minute track "Billy the Mountain", Zappa's satire on rock opera set in Southern California. This track was representative of the band's theatrical performances in which songs were used to build up sketches based on 200 Motels scenes as well as new situations often portraying the band members' sexual encounters on the road.Template:Sfn[15]

Accident, attack and their aftermath (1971–1972)

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:Frank Zappa Mothers of Invention 1971.JPG
The Mothers of Invention in 1971

In December 1971, there were two serious setbacks. While performing at Casino de Montreux in Switzerland, the Mothers' equipment was destroyed when a flare set off by an audience member started a fire that burned down the casino.Template:Sfn Immortalized in Deep Purple's song "Smoke on the Water", the event and immediate aftermath can be heard on the bootleg album Swiss Cheese/Fire!, released legally as part of Zappa's Beat the Boots II compilation. After a week's break, the Mothers played at the Rainbow Theatre, London, with rented gear. During the encore, an audience member pushed Zappa off the stage and into the concrete-floored orchestra pit. The band thought Zappa had been killed—he had suffered serious fractures, head trauma and injuries to his back, leg, and neck, as well as a crushed larynx, which ultimately caused his voice to drop a third after healing.Template:Sfn This accident resulted in him using a wheelchair for an extended period, forcing him off the road for over half a year. Upon his return to the stage in September 1972, he was still wearing a leg brace, had a noticeable limp and could not stand for very long while on stage. Zappa noted that one leg healed "shorter than the other" (a reference later found in the lyrics of songs "Zomby Woof" and "Dancin' Fool"), resulting in chronic back pain.Template:Sfn Meanwhile, the Mothers were left in limbo and eventually formed the core of Flo and Eddie's band as they set out on their own.

Top 10 album (1973–1975)

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

After releasing a solo jazz-oriented album Waka/Jawaka, and following it up with a Mothers album, The Grand Wazoo, with large bands, Zappa formed and toured with smaller groups that variously included Ian Underwood (reeds, keyboards), Ruth Underwood (vibes, marimba), Sal Marquez (trumpet, vocals), Napoleon Murphy Brock (sax, flute and vocals), Bruce Fowler (trombone), Tom Fowler (bass), Chester Thompson (drums), Ralph Humphrey[16] (drums), George Duke (keyboards, vocals), and Jean-Luc Ponty (violin).

Zappa continued a high rate of production through the first half of the 1970s, including the solo album Apostrophe (') (1974), which reached a career-high No. 10 on the Billboard pop album charts[17] helped by the chart single "Don't Eat the Yellow Snow".[18] Other albums from the period are Over-Nite Sensation (1973), which contained several future concert favorites, such as "Dinah-Moe Humm" and "Montana", and the albums Roxy & Elsewhere (1974) and One Size Fits All (1975) which feature ever-changing versions of a band still called the Mothers, and are notable for the tight renditions of highly difficult jazz fusion songs in such pieces as "Inca Roads", "Echidna's Arf (Of You)" and "Be-Bop Tango (Of the Old Jazzmen's Church)".Template:Sfn A live recording from 1974, You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 2 (1988), captures "the full spirit and excellence of the 1973–75 band".Template:Sfn

Zappa released Bongo Fury in 1975, which featured live recordings from a tour that same year which had reunited him with Captain Beefheart for a brief period.Template:Sfn They later became estranged for a period of years, but were in contact at the end of Zappa's life.Template:Sfn Bongo Fury was the last new album to be credited to the Mothers.

In 1993, Zappa released Ahead of Their Time, an album of a 1968 live performance by the original Mothers of Invention lineup.

Personnel

Image Name Years active Instruments Release contributions
Template:CSS image crop Frank Zappa Template:Hlist Template:Hlist all releases
Template:CSS image crop Roy Estrada Template:Hlist Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Template:CSS image crop Jimmy Carl Black 1964–August 1969 (died 2008)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Hlist
Ray Collins Template:Hlist Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
David Coronado 1964–May 1965 saxophone none
Ray Hunt 1964–April 1965 guitar
Steve Mann Summer 1965 (died 2009)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Alice Stuart Summer 1965 (died 2023)
Template:CSS image crop Henry Vestine November 1965–February 1966 (died 1997)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Jim Guercio February 1966
Elliot Ingber March–September 1966 (died 2025)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Flatlist
Denny Bruce August 1966 drums none
Billy Mundi Template:Hlist all releases from Absolutely Free (1967) to Burnt Weeny Sandwich (1970)
Template:CSS image crop Van Dyke Parks September 1966 keyboards none
Del Kacher September–October 1966 rhythm guitar
Jim Fielder October 1966–February 1967 Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Template:CSS image crop Don Preston Template:Hlist keyboards Template:Flatlist
Template:CSS image crop John Leon "Bunk" Gardner November 1966–August 1969 woodwinds Template:Flatlist
Sandy Hurvitz Summer 1967 (exact time unknown) (died 2023)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Hlist none
Template:CSS image crop Ian Underwood Template:Hlist Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Euclid James "Motorhead" Sherwood Template:Hlist Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Template:CSS image crop Art Tripp March 1968–August 1969 Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Buzz Gardner November 1968–August 1969 (died 2004)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Template:CSS image crop Lowell George November 1968 – May 1969 (died 1979)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Template:CSS image crop Aynsley Dunbar May 1970–December 1971 drums Template:Flatlist
Jeff Simmons Template:Hlist Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Template:CSS image crop Mark Volman ("Flo", "The Phlorescent Leach") June 1970–December 1971 vocals Template:Flatlist
Template:CSS image crop Howard Kaylan ("Eddie")
Template:CSS image crop George Duke Template:Hlist Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Martin Lickert January–February 1971 bass 200 Motels (1971)
Template:CSS image crop Jim Pons February–December 1971 Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Bob Harris May–August 1971 (died 2001)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Template:Ill August 1971 Template:Hlist none
Ralph HumphreyRalph Humphrey (drummer)[19] February 1973–May 1974 (died 2023)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[20] drums Template:Flatlist
Template:CSS image crop Jean-Luc Ponty February–August 1973 violin Over-Nite Sensation (1973)
Tom Fowler Template:Hlist (died 2024)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[21] bass all releases from Over-Nite Sensation (1973) to Bongo Fury (1975)
Template:CSS image crop Ruth Underwood February 1973–December 1975 Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Bruce Fowler Template:Hlist trombone Template:Flatlist
Sal Marquez March 1973–July 1973 Template:Hlist Over-Nite Sensation (1973)
Kin Vassy April–May 1973 vocals
Template:CSS image crop Napoleon Murphy Brock October 1973–May 1975 Template:Hlist Template:Flatlist
Template:CSS image crop Chester Thompson October 1973–December 1974 drums
James Youmans November–December 1974 bass none
Template:CSS image crop Terry Bozzio April 1975–March 1976 drums Bongo Fury (1975)
Template:CSS image crop Denny Walley Template:Hlist
Captain Beefheart April–May 1975 (died 2010)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". vocals
Andre Lewis September 1975–March 1976 Template:Hlist none
Novi Novog September–October 1975 viola
Robert "Frog" Camarena vocals Template:Flatlist
Norma Jean Bell November–December 1975 Template:Hlist none
Darryl Dybka December 1975 keyboards

Timeline

<timeline> ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = left:125 bottom:150 top:05 right:0 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy # isolate next tag Period = from:05/10/1964 till:12/31/1975 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:3 ScaleMajor = increment:3 start:1965 ScaleMinor = increment:1 start:1965

Colors = 

 id:vocals     value:red              legend:Vocals
 id:lguitar    value:teal             legend:Lead_guitar
 Id:rguitar    value:brightgreen      legend:Rhythm_guitar
 id:bass       value:blue             legend:Bass_guitar
 id:drums      value:orange           legend:Drums
 id:perx       value:claret           legend:Percussion
 id:keys       value:purple           legend:Keyboards
 id:harm       value:lavender         legend:Harmonica
 id:winds      value:tan2             legend:Woodwinds
 Id:brass      value:skyblue          legend:Brass_instruments
 id:strings    value:drabgreen        legend:Stringed_instruments
 id:session    value:yellow           legend:Session_member
 id:studio     value:black            legend:Studio_album
 id:live       value:gray(0.75)       legend:Live_album
 id:bars       value:gray(0.90)
 id:barz       value:gray(0.90)

BackgroundColors = bars:barz

ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:1965

LineData = 

layer:back color:studio
 at:06/27/1966
 at:05/26/1967
 at:03/04/1968
 at:12/02/1968
 at:04/21/1969
 at:02/09/1970
 at:08/10/1970
 at:11/27/1972
 at:09/07/1973
 at:06/25/1975
 at:10/02/1975
layer:back color:live
 at:08/02/1971
 at:03/26/1972
 at:09/10/1974

BarData = 

 bar:RC       text:"Ray Collins"
 bar:HK       text:"Howard Kaylan"
 bar:MV       text:"Mark Volman"
 bar:KV       text:"Kin Vassy"
 bar:CB       text:"Captain Beefheart"
 bar:RFC      text:"Robert Frog Camarena"
 bar:Hunt     text:"Ray Hunt"
 bar:FZ       text:"Frank Zappa"
 bar:Mann     text:"Steve Mann"
 bar:AS       text:"Alice Stuart"
 bar:HV       text:"Henry Vestine"
 bar:EI       text:"Elliot Ingber"
 bar:Kacher   text:"Del Kacher"
 bar:JF       text:"Jim Fielder"
 bar:LG       text:"Lowell George"
 bar:NL       text:"Nigey Lennon"
 bar:DW       text:"Denny Walley"
 bar:VDP      text:"Van Dyke Parks"
 bar:DP       text:"Don Preston"
 bar:SH       text:"Sandy Hurvitz"
 bar:GD       text:"George Duke"
 bar:BH       text:"Bob Harris"
 bar:AL       text:"André Lewis"
 bar:DD       text:"Darryl Dybka"
 bar:RE       text:"Roy Estrada"
 bar:JS       text:"Jeff Simmons"
 bar:JP       text:"Jim Pons"
 bar:TF       text:"Tom Fowler"
 bar:JY       text:"James Youmans"
 bar:JCB      text:"Jimmy Carl Black"
 bar:BM       text:"Billy Mundi"
 bar:AT       text:"Art Tripp"
 bar:AD       text:"Aynsley Dunbar"
 bar:Humphrey text:"Ralph Humphrey"
 bar:CT       text:"Chester Thompson"
 bar:TB       text:"Terry Bozzio"
 bar:RU       text:"Ruth Underwood"
 bar:Coronado text:"David Coronado"
 bar:Bunk     text:"Bunk Gardner"
 bar:IU       text:"Ian Underwood"
 bar:EJS      text:"Euclid James Sherwood"
 bar:NMB      text:"Napoleon Murphy Brock"
 bar:NJB      text:"Norma Jean Bell"
 bar:Buzz     text:"Buzz Gardner"
 bar:BF       text:"Bruce Fowler"
 bar:Marquez  text:"Sal Marquez"
 bar:JLP      text:"Jean-Luc Ponty"
 bar:NN       text:"Novi Novog"

PlotData= 

 width:11
 bar:Hunt      from:start      till:04/01/1965   color:lguitar
 bar:Hunt      from:start      till:04/01/1965   color:rguitar width:3
 bar:FZ        from:04/02/1965 till:08/31/1969   color:lguitar
 bar:FZ        from:04/02/1965 till:08/31/1969   color:perx    width:7
 bar:FZ        from:04/02/1965 till:08/31/1969   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:FZ        from:08/03/1965 till:08/31/1966   color:rguitar width:5
 bar:FZ        from:02/28/1967 till:11/01/1968   color:rguitar width:5
 bar:FZ        from:05/31/1969 till:08/31/1969   color:rguitar width:5
 bar:FZ        from:07/01/1970 till:12/31/1971   color:lguitar
 bar:FZ        from:07/01/1970 till:12/31/1971   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:FZ        from:07/01/1970 till:12/31/1971   color:drums   width:7
 bar:FZ        from:01/01/1973 till:12/31/1975   color:lguitar
 bar:FZ        from:01/01/1973 till:02/01/1974   color:rguitar width:7
 bar:FZ        from:01/01/1973 till:12/31/1975   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:FZ        from:05/31/1974 till:04/01/1975   color:rguitar width:7
 bar:FZ        from:05/31/1975 till:end          color:rguitar width:7
 bar:RE        from:start      till:08/31/1969   color:bass
 bar:RE        from:start      till:08/31/1969   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:RE        from:07/01/1975 till:12/31/1975   color:bass
 bar:JCB       from:start      till:08/31/1969   color:drums
 bar:JCB       from:11/01/1966 till:08/31/1969   color:brass   width:7
 bar:JCB       from:start      till:08/31/1969   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:RC        from:start      till:03/31/1967   color:vocals 
 bar:RC        from:start      till:03/31/1967   color:perx    width:7
 bar:RC        from:start      till:03/31/1967   color:harm    width:3
 bar:RC        from:09/01/1967 till:08/31/1968   color:vocals 
 bar:RC        from:09/01/1967 till:08/31/1968   color:perx    width:3
 bar:RC        from:05/01/1970 till:05/31/1970   color:vocals 
 bar:RC        from:05/01/1970 till:05/31/1970   color:perx    width:3
 bar:DP        from:11/01/1966 till:08/31/1969   color:keys
 bar:DP        from:11/01/1966 till:08/31/1969   color:perx    width:3
 bar:DP        from:05/01/1970 till:05/31/1970   color:keys
 bar:DP        from:06/01/1971 till:12/31/1971   color:keys
 bar:DP        from:06/01/1971 till:12/31/1971   color:perx    width:3
 bar:DP        from:03/24/1974 till:03/24/1974   color:keys
 bar:BF        from:01/01/1973 till:05/31/1974   color:brass
 bar:BF        from:04/01/1975 till:05/31/1975   color:brass
 bar:RU        from:11/01/1968 till:04/21/1969   color:perx
 bar:RU        from:11/01/1968 till:04/21/1969   color:session width:3
 bar:RU        from:07/01/1970 till:01/31/1971   color:perx
 bar:RU        from:07/01/1970 till:01/31/1971   color:session width:3
 bar:RU        from:01/01/1973 till:12/31/1975   color:perx
 bar:TF        from:01/01/1973 till:11/23/1974   color:bass
 bar:TF        from:12/04/1974 till:10/31/1975   color:bass
 bar:JY        from:11/24/1974 till:12/03/1974   color:bass
 bar:Marquez   from:01/01/1973 till:07/31/1973   color:brass
 bar:Marquez   from:01/01/1973 till:07/31/1973   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:JLP       from:01/01/1973 till:08/31/1973   color:strings
 bar:Humphrey  from:07/01/1973 till:05/31/1974   color:drums
 bar:NN        from:09/01/1975 till:10/31/1975   color:strings
 bar:CB        from:05/31/1975 till:10/31/1975   color:vocals
 bar:CB        from:05/31/1975 till:10/31/1975   color:harm    width:7
 bar:CB        from:05/31/1975 till:10/31/1975   color:brass   width:3
 bar:RFC       from:09/01/1975 till:10/31/1975   color:vocals  
 bar:NJB       from:11/01/1975 till:12/09/1975   color:winds
 bar:NJB       from:11/01/1975 till:12/09/1975   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:DW        from:04/01/1975 till:05/31/1975   color:rguitar
 bar:DW        from:04/01/1975 till:05/31/1975   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:TB        from:04/01/1975 till:12/31/1975   color:drums
 bar:TB        from:04/01/1975 till:12/31/1975   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:CT        from:10/01/1973 till:12/31/1974   color:drums
 bar:NMB       from:10/01/1973 till:end          color:winds
 bar:NMB       from:10/01/1973 till:end          color:vocals  width:3
 bar:BH        from:05/01/1971 till:08/31/1971   color:keys
 bar:BH        from:05/01/1971 till:08/31/1971   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:JP        from:02/01/1971 till:12/31/1971   color:bass
 bar:JP        from:02/01/1971 till:12/31/1971   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:JS        from:07/01/1970 till:01/31/1971   color:bass
 bar:JS        from:07/01/1970 till:01/31/1971   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:JS        from:12/08/1973 till:12/10/1973   color:vocals
 bar:JS        from:02/01/1974 till:05/31/1974   color:rguitar
 bar:JS        from:02/01/1974 till:05/31/1974   color:harm    width:7
 bar:JS        from:02/01/1974 till:05/31/1974   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:HK        from:07/01/1970 till:12/31/1971   color:vocals
 bar:MV        from:07/01/1970 till:12/31/1971   color:vocals
 bar:MV        from:07/01/1970 till:08/10/1970   color:rguitar width:3
 bar:MV        from:08/10/1970 till:12/31/1971   color:perx    width:3
 bar:KV        from:01/01/1973 till:07/31/1973   color:vocals
 bar:AD        from:07/01/1970 till:12/31/1971   color:drums
 bar:Buzz      from:11/01/1968 till:08/31/1969   color:brass
 bar:LG        from:11/01/1968 till:05/31/1969   color:rguitar
 bar:LG        from:11/01/1968 till:05/31/1969   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:NL        from:08/25/1971 till:08/27/1971   color:rguitar
 bar:NL        from:08/25/1971 till:08/27/1971   color:vocals width:3
 bar:AT        from:02/04/1968 till:08/31/1969   color:drums
 bar:AT        from:02/04/1968 till:08/31/1969   color:perx    width:3
 bar:BM        from:11/01/1966 till:12/31/1967   color:drums
 bar:BM        from:11/01/1966 till:12/31/1967   color:perx    width:3
 bar:BM        from:05/01/1970 till:05/31/1970   color:drums
 bar:Bunk      from:11/01/1966 till:08/31/1969   color:winds
 bar:Kacher    from:09/01/1966 till:09/30/1966   color:rguitar
 bar:JF        from:10/01/1966 till:02/28/1967   color:rguitar
 bar:JF        from:10/01/1966 till:02/28/1967   color:keys    width:3
 bar:Coronado  from:start      till:05/09/1965   color:winds
 bar:VDP       from:09/01/1966 till:09/30/1966   color:keys
 bar:SH        from:06/01/1967 till:06/30/1967   color:keys
 bar:SH        from:06/01/1967 till:06/30/1967   color:vocals width:3
 bar:GD        from:06/01/1970 till:12/31/1970   color:keys
 bar:GD        from:06/01/1970 till:12/31/1970   color:winds   width:7
 bar:GD        from:06/01/1970 till:12/31/1970   color:brass   width:3
 bar:GD        from:01/01/1973 till:05/31/1975   color:keys
 bar:GD        from:01/01/1974 till:05/31/1975   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:AL        from:07/01/1975 till:12/31/1975   color:keys
 bar:AL        from:07/01/1975 till:12/31/1975   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:DD        from:12/04/1975 till:12/05/1975   color:keys
 bar:Mann      from:06/01/1965 till:07/01/1965   color:rguitar
 bar:AS        from:07/02/1965 till:08/02/1965   color:rguitar
 bar:HV        from:08/03/1965 till:03/31/1966   color:lguitar width:3
 bar:HV        from:08/03/1965 till:03/31/1966   color:rguitar 
 bar:EI        from:04/01/1966 till:08/31/1966   color:rguitar
 bar:EI        from:04/01/1966 till:08/31/1966   color:lguitar width:3
 bar:IU        from:07/01/1967 till:08/31/1969   color:winds
 bar:IU        from:07/01/1967 till:08/31/1969   color:keys    width:3
 bar:IU        from:07/01/1970 till:12/31/1971   color:winds
 bar:IU        from:07/01/1970 till:12/31/1971   color:keys    width:7
 bar:IU        from:07/01/1970 till:12/31/1971   color:rguitar width:3
 bar:IU        from:02/01/1971 till:12/31/1971   color:vocals  width:5
 bar:IU        from:01/01/1973 till:09/30/1973   color:winds
 bar:IU        from:01/01/1973 till:09/30/1973   color:keys    width:3
 bar:EJS       from:09/01/1967 till:08/31/1969   color:winds
 bar:EJS       from:09/01/1967 till:08/31/1969   color:perx    width:3
 bar:EJS       from:05/01/1970 till:05/31/1970   color:winds
 bar:EJS       from:05/01/1970 till:05/31/1970   color:perx    width:3
 bar:EJS        from:04/01/1966 till:08/31/1966   color:winds 
 bar:EJS        from:04/01/1966 till:08/31/1966   color:vocals  width:3
 bar:EJS        from:04/01/1966 till:08/31/1966   color:session width:7

</timeline>

Discography

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
  2. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Extract of page 114
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Template:Gilliland
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Extract of page 86
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ James, 2000, Necessity Is ... , pp. 62–69.
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ As the legal aspects of using the Sgt Pepper concept were unsettled, the album was released with the cover and back on the inside of the gatefold, while the actual cover and back were a picture of the group in a pose parodying the inside of the Beatles album. Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  12. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  13. ↑ Frank Zappa, "Serious Fan Mail", Greasy Love Songs, Zappa Records ZR20010, 2010.
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ During the June 1971 Fillmore concerts Zappa was joined on stage by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. This performance was recorded, and Lennon released excerpts on his album Some Time in New York City in 1972. Zappa later released his version of excerpts from the concert on Playground Psychotics in 1992, including the jam track "Scumbag" and an extended avant-garde vocal piece by Ono (originally called "Au"), which Zappa renamed "A Small Eternity with Yoko Ono".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ In Memoriam: Tom Fowler

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Sources

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Template:Sister project

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Frank Zappa albums Template:Ruben and the Jets

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=The_Mothers_of_Invention&oldid=6167298"