The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History

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The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History is a 1978 book by the American white nationalist author Michael H. Hart. Published by his father's publishing house, it was his first book and was reprinted in 1992 with revisions. It is a ranking of the 100 people who, according to Hart, most influenced human history.[1][2][3][4] Unlike various other rankings at the time, Hart was not attempting to rank on "greatness" as a criterion, but rather whose actions most changed the course of human history.

Summary

The book consists of 100 entries as well as an appendix of Honorable Mentions. Each entry is a short biography of the person, followed by Hart's thoughts on how this person was influential and changed the course of human history. He gave additional credit for importance for people whose actions Hart felt were unusual, unlikely, or ahead of their time compared to a hypothesized course of history had this person not lived.

Founders and shapers of successful religions were among the most influential in Hart's view, as these shaped many people's lives quite strongly over a long period of time. The first person on Hart's list is the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[5][6] Hart asserted that Muhammad was "supremely successful" in both the religious and secular realms, being responsible for both the foundations of Islam as well as the Early Muslim conquests uniting the Arabian Peninsula and eventually a wider caliphate after his death. Hart also believed that Muhammad played an unusually singular and personal role in the development of Islam.[7][8] The development of Christianity, by contrast, has its influence split between Jesus's initial teachings and foundational work, and Paul the Apostle, who played a pivotal role in the early spread of Christianity as well as distinguishing its doctrines and practices from Judaism and the other Greek and Roman religions of the time period.[9] Gautama Buddha, Confucius, and Moses are all placed highly as well due to their role in establishing religions.

One of the most notable omissions was Abraham Lincoln, which Hart relegated to the "Honorary Mentions" in the appendix. Changes in the 1992 revision include the rankings of figures associated with Communism being lowered after the Revolutions of 1989, such as Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong, and the introduction of Mikhail Gorbachev. Hart took sides in the Shakespearean authorship issue and replaced William Shakespeare with Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford in the 1992 version. Hart also substituted Niels Bohr and Henri Becquerel with Ernest Rutherford. Henry Ford was promoted from the "Honorary Mentions" list, replacing Pablo Picasso. Finally, various rankings were re-ordered, although no one listed in the top ten changed their position.[1]

The book was first published in 1978 as imprint from "Hart Publishing Company".[10][11] According to the Calgary Herald, at least 60,000 copies were sold.[12] The book has since been translated into many languages.[13]

Hart's Top 10 (from the 1992 edition)

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Rank Name Time frame Image Occupation
1 Muhammad c. 570–632 File:Dark vignette Al-Masjid AL-Nabawi Door800x600x300.jpg Military and religious leader, social reformer, lawmaker
2 Isaac Newton 1643–1727 File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg Scientist
3 Jesus 4 BC–33 AD File:Spas vsederzhitel sinay (cropped1).jpg Spiritual leader
4 Siddhartha Gautama 563–483 BC File:Buddha in Sarnath Museum (Dhammajak Mutra).jpg Spiritual leader
5 Confucius 551–479 BC File:Confucius the scholar.jpg Philosopher
6 Paul the Apostle 5–67 AD File:El Greco - Saint Paul head.jpg Christian apostle
7 Cai Lun 50–121 AD File:Cai-lun.jpg Inventor of paper
8 Johannes Gutenberg c. 1400–1468 File:Gutenberg.jpg Inventor of the printing press
9 Christopher Columbus 1451–1506 File:Christopher Columbus .PNG Explorer
10 Albert Einstein 1879–1955 File:Einstein 1921 portrait2.jpg Scientist

Reception

For placing Muhammad in first place of the list, the book received several controversial reviews from western critics,Template:Refn but it was widely welcomed in the Muslim world, and is often cited in Muslim writers' books including Mohammad al-Shirazi, Ahmed Deedat etc.[14][15][16][17][18] In 1988, the former contemporary Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak honored Michael Hart for placing Muhammad in first place.[19] Steven Skiena and Charles Ward writes in their book Who's Bigger? that The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History "is probably the best known ranking of historic figures by influence".[20]

Sequel

Hart wrote the 1999 follow-up A View from the Year 3000,[21] voiced in the perspective of a person from that future year and ranking the most influential people in history. Roughly half the entries are fictional people from 2000 to 3000, but the remainder are taken mostly from the 1992 ranking, with some sequence changes.[22][23]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Michael H. Hart The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. first published in 1978, reprinted with minor revisions 1992. Template:ISBN
  3. ↑ Interview with Michael H. Hart by Russell K. Neili, April 14, 2000. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Alphonse Dougan, "Understanding Prophet Muhammad Beyond the Stereotypes", The Fountain, Issue 46 (April–June 2004).
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  11. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Michael H. Hart. A view from the year 3000: a ranking of the 100 most influential persons of all time; first published in 1999
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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