Thallium(I) sulfide
<templatestyles src="Chembox/styles.css"/>
Template:Chembox image cellTemplate:Chembox AllOtherNamesTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox IndexlistTemplate:Chembox JmolTemplate:Chembox ChEMBLTemplate:Chembox ECHATemplate:Chembox E numberTemplate:Chembox IUPHAR ligandTemplate:Chembox UNIITemplate:Chembox CompToxTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox CrystalStructVolumeTemplate:Chembox CrystalStructFormulasTemplate:Chembox Datapage checkTemplate:Chembox Footer| Template:Longitem | Template:Unbulleted list |
| ChEBI | Template:Unbulleted list |
| ChemSpider | Template:Unbulleted list |
| DrugBank | Template:Unbulleted list |
| EC Number | Template:Unbulleted list |
| KEGG | Template:Unbulleted list |
| Template:Longitem | Template:Unbulleted list |
| RTECS number | Template:Unbulleted list |
| Script error: No such module "collapsible list". | |
| Script error: No such module "collapsible list". | |
| Template:Longitem | Tl2S |
| Molar mass | 440.833 g/mol |
| Appearance | black crystalline solid |
| Density | 8.390 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures |
| Boiling point | Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures |
| Template:Longitem | −88.8·10−6 cm3/mol |
| Template:Longitem | Trigonal, hR81 |
| Template:Longitem | R3, No. 146 |
| Template:Longitem | a = 12.150(2) Å, c = 18.190(4) Å[1]
|
Template:Chembox Footer/trackingScript error: No such module "TemplatePar".Template:Short description
Thallium(I) sulfide, Tl2S, is a chemical compound of thallium and sulfur.
Occurrence
Tl2S is found in nature as the mineral carlinite[2] which has the distinction of being the only sulfide mineral of thallium that does not contain at least two metals. Tl2S has a distorted anti-CdI2 structure.[3]
Synthesis
Tl2S can be prepared from the elements or by precipitating the sulfide from a solution of thallium(I), e.g. the sulfate or nitrate. Thin films have been deposited, produced from a mixture of citratothallium complex and thiourea. Heating the film in nitrogen at 300°C converts all the product into Tl2S [4]
History and applications
This salt was used in some of the earliest photo-electric detectors by Theodore Case who developed the so-called thalofide (sometimes spelt thallofide) cell, used in early film projectors. Case described the detector material as consisting of thallium, oxygen and sulfur,[5] and this was incorrectly described by others as being thallium oxysulfide, which incidentally is a compound that is not known. Case's work was then built on by R.J. Cashman who recognised that the controlled oxidation of the Tl2S film was key to the operation of the cell.[6] Cashman's work culminated in the development of long wave infrared detectors used during the Second World War.[7] Reliable Tl2S detectors were also developed in Germany at the same time.[6]
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ American patent 2448517, filed 1944, granted 1948
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".