Template:LGBT rights table Asia

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North Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Script error: No such module "flag". Russia Yes Yes Fully legal nationwide since 1993[1][2]
Template:Hr(de-facto illegal in Chechnya)
No No No No Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples since 2020 No No Yes Yes[3] No No No No Gender change has not been legal since 2023[4]

Central Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Script error: No such module "flag". Kazakhstan Yes Yes Legal since 1998[2] No No No No No No Yes Yes Since 2022[5] No No Yes Yes[6]
Script error: No such module "flag". Kyrgyzstan Yes Yes Legal since 1998[2] No No No No Constitutional ban since 2016[7] No No Un­known No No Yes Yes Requires sex reassignment surgery[8][6]
Script error: No such module "flag". Tajikistan Yes Yes Legal since 1998[2] No No No No No No Un­known No No Yes Yes Requires sex reassignment surgery[9][6]
Script error: No such module "flag". Turkmenistan No No Male illegal since 1927
Penalty: up to 2 years imprisonment.
Yes Yes Female always legal[10]
No No No No No No No No No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Uzbekistan No No Male illegal since 1926
Penalty: up to 3 years imprisonment.
Yes Yes Female always legal[10]
No No No No No No No No No No No No

West Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Script error: No such module "flag". Abkhazia
(Disputed territory)
Yes Yes Legal No No No No No No Un­known No No Un­known
Script error: No such module "flag". Akrotiri and Dhekelia
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Yes Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
Yes Yes Civil partnerships since 2005 Yes Yes Legal since 2014 Un­known Yes Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[11] Un­known
Script error: No such module "flag". Armenia Yes Yes Legal since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
No No No No Constitutional ban since 2015[12][13] No No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples. No No [14] No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Azerbaijan Yes Yes Legal since 2000[2] No No No No No No No No No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Bahrain Yes Yes Legal since 1976[2] No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery.[15]
Script error: No such module "flag". Cyprus Yes Yes Legal since 1998
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
Yes Yes Civil cohabitation since 2015[16] No No No No Yes Yes[17] Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[18] Yes Yes Forbids some discrimination based on gender identity.[19]Template:HrNo No Gender change is not legal.
Script error: No such module "flag". Egypt Yes Yes/ No No Ambiguous. Male de jure legal, but de facto illegal since 2000
Penalty: Up to 17 years imprisonment with or without hard labour and with or without fines under broadly-written morality laws.[2][20]
No No No No No No No No No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Georgia Yes Yes Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
No No No No Constitutional ban since 2018 No No Un­known Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[21] Yes Yes Requires sterilization and sex reassignment surgery for change[22]
Script error: No such module "flag". Iran No No No Illegal
Penalty: 74 lashes for immature men and death penalty for mature men (although there are documented cases of minors executed because of their sexual orientation)[23]. For women, 100 lashes for women of mature sound mind and if consenting. Death penalty offense after fourth conviction.[2]
No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Legal gender recognition legal if accompanied by a medical intervention[24]
Script error: No such module "flag". Iraq No No Re-criminalized in 2024.[25] Penalty: Prison sentence between 10 and 15 years. No No No No No No No No No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Israel Yes Yes Legal since 1963 (de facto), 1988 (de jure)[26]
+ UN decl. sign.[2][27]
Yes Yes Unregistered cohabitation since 1994. No No/Yes Yes Foreign same-sex marriages are recognized and recorded in the population registry Yes Yes Permitted by law since 2008.[28] But in practice gay couples were put at the end of the queue for adoption, until the Supreme Court forbade this discrimination in 2023.[29] Legal adoptions by gay couples began in practice in 2025.[30] Yes Yes Since 1993; Includes transgender people[31] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[32][33][34] No No Almost full recognition of gender's ID with or without a surgery or medical intervention (Excluding changing gender and name in birth certificate) ;[35][36] equal employment opportunity law bars discrimination based on gender identity[37][38][39]
Script error: No such module "flag". Jordan Yes Yes Legal[2] No No No No No No Un­known No No Yes Yes Allowed since 2014[40]
Script error: No such module "flag". Kuwait Template:Ubl No No No No No No No No No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Lebanon Yes Yes / No No Ambiguous. Illegal under Article 534 of the Penal Code. Some judges have ruled not to prosecute individuals based on the law, however, this has not been settled by the Supreme Court and thus homosexuality is still illegal.[41] However, a 2017 court ruling claims that it is legal, but the law against it is still in place.
Penalty: Up to 1 year imprisonment (unenforced).
No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Legal gender change allowed, but sex reassignment surgery required[42]
Script error: No such module "flag". Northern Cyprus
(Disputed territory)
Yes Yes Legal since 2014[43][44][2] No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[43][44] Yes Yes Legal, requires surgery for change[45]
Script error: No such module "flag". Oman No No Illegal
Penalty: Fines and prison sentence up to 3 years (only enforced when dealing with "public scandal").[2]
No No No No No No No No No No No No Laws against forms of gender expression.
Script error: No such module "flag". Palestine
West Bank:
Yes Yes Legal[2]Template:HrGaza:
No consensus on legal applicability of British 1936 Sexual offences provisions to homosexual conduct[46][47][48][49]
West Bank:
No No
Gaza:
No No
No No No No Un­known No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Qatar No No No Illegal
Penalty: Fines, up to 7 years imprisonment[2] Death penalty for Muslims.
No No No No No No No No No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Saudi Arabia Template:Ubl[2] No No No No No No No No No No No No Laws against forms of gender expression.
Script error: No such module "flag". South Ossetia
(Disputed territory)
Yes Yes Legal No No No No No No Un­known No No Un­known
Script error: No such module "flag". Syria File:Emblem-question.svg No No No No File:Emblem-question.svg No official military File:Emblem-question.svg File:Emblem-question.svg
Script error: No such module "flag". Turkey Yes Yes Legal since 1858[2] No No No No No No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples. No No No No Yes Yes Requires sterilisation and sex reassignment surgery for change[50]
Script error: No such module "flag". United Arab Emirates Template:Ubl No No No No No No No No No No No No Sex reassignment surgery severely restricted to limited circumstances (mainly physical intersex traits), highly regulated by the state.[51][52] Laws used against forms of gender expression.[53]
Script error: No such module "flag". Yemen No No No Illegal (codified in 1994)
Penalty: Unmarried men punished with 100 lashes of the whip or a maximum of one year of imprisonment, stoning for adultery is not enforced. Women punished up to three years of imprisonment.[2]
No No No No No No No No No No No No

South Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Script error: No such module "flag". Afghanistan No No No Illegal
Penalty: Death penalty[54]
No No No No No No No No No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Bangladesh No No Illegal since 1862
Penalty: 10 years to life imprisonment (Occasionally enforced).[2][55]
No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes A third gender option (hijra) besides male and female is available for a certain sect of third genders[56]
Script error: No such module "flag". Bhutan Yes Yes Legal since 2021[57] No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender without surgery
Script error: No such module "flag". British Indian Ocean Territory
(Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
Yes Yes Legal since 2001
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
Yes Yes Civil partnerships since 2005 Yes Yes Legal since 2014 Un­known Yes Yes UK responsible for defense Un­known Un­known
Script error: No such module "flag". India Yes Yes Legal since 2018[58] Yes Yes/ No No symbolic live-In relationships exist[59]
On August 28, 2024, India's Ministry of Finance issued an advisory declaring that persons from the LGBTQ community face no restrictions in opening joint bank accounts or nominating their partners as beneficiaries[60]
No No No No No No Yes Yes/ No No Discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited by court decision. No nationwide law.[61][62][63]

In 2022, National Medical Commission banned conversion therapy[64]

Yes Yes A third gender option (hijra) besides male and female is available; transgender people have a constitutional right to change gender, only after medical/surgical intervention[65][63]
Script error: No such module "flag". Maldives No No Illegal (codified in 2014)
Penalty: Up to 8 years imprisonment, house arrest, lashings and fines. (unenforced)[66] LGBTQ welcomed in tourist islands [67]
No No No No No No No No No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Nepal Yes Yes Legal since 2007
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
No No No No No No Yes Yes Since 2007[68] Yes Yes Constitutional protections since 2015[69] No No Change to third gender "O" legal since 2007, unable to change to male or female[70]
Script error: No such module "flag". Pakistan No No Illegal since 1862
Penalty: 2 years to life sentence (Occasionally enforced).[2][71]
No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Transphobia illegalTemplate:Hr

No No Homophobia/biphobia is not illegal

Yes Yes Right to change gender; transgender and intersex citizens have legal protections from all discrimination and harassment[72]
Script error: No such module "flag". Sri Lanka No No Illegal since 1885
Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment with fines.[2] (Ruled unenforcable by the Supreme Court) Legalization proposed
No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender without surgery

East Asia

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of relationships Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Script error: No such module "flag". China Yes Yes Legal since 1997[2] No No/Yes Yes "Legal guardianship" since 2017 No No No No Yes Yes can openly serveTemplate:HrNo No open displays of affection [73][74] YesYes Court has in some cases protected LGBT workers from employment discrimination.[75]

Template:HrNo No protection codified in law

Yes Yes

legal gender change possible since 2002.

Since 2022, legal gender change allowed with only partial sex reassignment surgery. Difficulty remains to change gender information on diplomas and degrees.[76][77]

Script error: No such module "flag". Hong Kong Yes Yes Legal since 1991[2] No No/Yes Yes Same-sex marriages registered overseas for government benefits and taxation, and limited recognition of local cohabiting partners No No Yes Yes/No No Stepchild adoption since 2021 [78] The central government of China is responsible for the defense of Hong Kong.[79] Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination (government discrimination only) Yes Yes Following a legal decision, may change gender marker after partial sex reassignment surgery.[80]
Script error: No such module "flag". Japan Yes Yes Legal since 1882
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
No No * Symbolic recognition in some jurisdictions. No No Proposed in 2023[81] No No Yes Yes The Japan Self-Defense Forces allow gay people to enlist.[82] No No nationwide protectionsTemplate:HrYes Yes some cities ban some anti-gay discrimination[2] Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Script error: No such module "flag". Macau Yes Yes Legal since 1996 No No No No No No The central government of China is responsible for the defence of Macau. Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Un­known
Script error: No such module "flag". Mongolia Yes Yes Legal since 1993
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
No No No No Constitutional ban since 1992 No No Yes Yes (Only LGB)[83] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender but only after sex reassignment surgery
Script error: No such module "flag". North Korea Yes Yes / No No Ambiguous, punishable through Articles 193 and 262 regarding obscenity and decency laws.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Penalty: Unknown
No No No No No No Yes Yes can serve with 10-year celibacy required for all soldiers.[84]Template:HrNo No open displays of LGBT attitudes. No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". South Korea Yes Yes Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
No No No No Proposed in 2023[85] No No No No Yes Yes/No No Protection from discrimination varies by jurisdiction in some areas, including Seoul Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender but usually requires sex reassignment surgery
Script error: No such module "flag". Taiwan Yes Yes Legal[86] File:Yes check.svg[87] File:Yes check.svg Legal since 2019[88][89][90] Yes Yes Stepchild adoption since 2019
Yes Yes Joint adoption legal since 2023[91]
Yes Yes Yes Yes Constitutionally bans all anti-gay discrimination from government[92]; several laws banning anti-gay discrimination regarding education and employment.[93][94] Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery.Template:Efn

Southeast Asia

LGBT rights in Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of relationships Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Script error: No such module "flag". Aceh (autonomous territory of Indonesia) No No Illegal
Penalty: 100 strokes of the cane or 8 years in prison[95]
No No No No No No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples No No The central government of Indonesia is responsible for the defense of Aceh. Yes Yes Follows the law of the central Indonesian government. Yes Yes Follows the law of the central Indonesian government.
Script error: No such module "flag". Brunei No No No Illegal since 1908
Penalty: Death by stoning (in abeyance), 1 year imprisonment and 100 lashes for men. Caning and 10 years prison for women.[96]
No No No No No No No No No No Laws prohibit forms of gender expression.
Script error: No such module "flag". Cambodia Yes Yes Legal[2] No No/Yes Yes Partnerships recognized in certain cities No No Constitutional ban since 1993 No No Un­known No No No No[97]
Script error: No such module "flag". Indonesia Yes Not criminalized in private relationship (except in Aceh)[2][98] No No No No No No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples No No Not explicitly prohibited by Law (de jure), Illegal (de facto) Yes Yes Limited protection following legal process by the authorities.[99] Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery.
Script error: No such module "flag". Laos Yes Yes Legal[2] No No No No No No Un­known No No Un­known
Script error: No such module "flag". Malaysia No No
Federal criminal law: Illegal since 1871, up to 20 years imprisonment and caning for anal sex (male/male or male/female);[2][100]
Template:Idkc Uncertain for lesbian sex.Template:EfnTemplate:HrNo No
State shariah law: Gay sex or lesbian sex, or both, are illegal for Muslims in all states and federal territories, except in Pahang.Template:Efn
No No No No No No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples No No No No No No Generally impossible to change gender. Gender changes was briefly recognized as fundamental rights in a 2014 court ruling,[101][102] but was overturned by the apex court in 2015.[103]
Forms of gender expression are criminalized for Muslims under state shariah law.[104]
Script error: No such module "flag". Myanmar No No Illegal since 1886
Penalty: Up to 20 years in prison (unenforced).[2][105]
No No No No No No No No No No No No
Script error: No such module "flag". Philippines Yes Yes Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[106][2][107][108] Template:Efn
No No (Pending) [106] No No (Pending) [109] No No LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[110][109] Yes Yes Since 2009 Yes Yes/No No Bans some anti-gay discrimination in certain cities and provinces,[111] including the City of Manila,[112]Cebu City,[113] Quezon City,[114] and Davao City;[115]
Nationwide anti-bullying law for basic education students.[116]
No No Generally impossible to change legal gender. However in Cagandahan vs Philippines, allowed an intersex man to change his legal gender from female to male.
Script error: No such module "flag". Singapore Yes Yes Legal since 2007 (de facto), 2022 (de jure) No No No No Ambiguous, a gay Singaporean man with a male partner in 2018 won an appeal in court to adopt a child that he fathered through a surrogate.[117] Yes Yes Yes Yes Protections against anti-gay discrimination, harassment and violence[118] Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery
Script error: No such module "flag". Thailand Yes Yes Legal since 1956
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
Yes Yes Since 2025 Yes Yes Since 2025[119][120][121] Yes Yes Since 2025[119] Yes Yes Since 2005 [122] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination No No[120][123]

Yes Yes Anti-discrimination protections for gender expression.[100]

Script error: No such module "flag". Timor-Leste Yes Yes Legal since 1975
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
No No No No Yes Yes LGBT individuals may adoptTemplate:Hrbut same-sex couples can not adopt Un­known Yes Yes Bans some anti gay discrimination, Hate crime protections since 2009.[124] Un­known
Script error: No such module "flag". Vietnam Yes Yes Legal[2]
+ UN decl. sign.[2]
No No No No No No LGBT individuals may adopt, not same-sex couples[125] Yes Yes Irrespective of one's sexual orientation Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes Yes Gender changes recognized and officially practised since 2017[126][127]

Notes

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