Isotopes of tellurium

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox tellurium isotopes There are 39 known isotopes and 17 nuclear isomers of tellurium (52Te), with atomic masses that range from 104 to 142. These are listed in the table below.

Naturally-occurring tellurium on Earth consists of eight isotopes. Two of these have been found to be radioactive: 128Te and 130Te undergo double beta decay with half-lives of, respectively, 2.2×1024 (2.2 septillion) years (the longest half-life of all nuclides proven to be radioactive)[1] and 8.2×1020 (820 quintillion) years. The longest-lived artificial radioisotope of tellurium is 121Te with a half-life of about 19 days. Several nuclear isomers have longer half-lives, the longest being 121mTe with a half-life of 154 days.

The very-long-lived radioisotopes 128Te and 130Te are the two most common isotopes of tellurium. Of elements with at least one stable isotope, only indium and rhenium likewise have a radioisotope in greater abundance than a stable one.

It has been claimed that electron capture of 123Te was observed, but more recent measurements of the same team have disproved this.[2] The half-life of 123Te is longer than 9.2 × 1016 years, and probably much longer.[2] This apparent stability is a rare violation of the Mattauch isobar rule.

124Te is used as the starting material in the production of certain radionuclides by a cyclotron or other particle accelerator, such as iodine-123 and iodine-124.

With the exception of beryllium, tellurium is the lightest element observed to have isotopes capable of undergoing alpha decay, with isotopes 104Te to 109Te being seen to undergo this mode of decay. Some lighter elements, namely those in the vicinity of 8Be, have isotopes with delayed alpha emission (following proton or beta emission) as a rare branch.

List of isotopes

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Template:Isotopes table |-id=Tellurium-104 | 104Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 52 | 103.94672(34) | <4 ns | α | 100Sn | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-105 | 105Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 53 | 104.94330(32) | 633(66) ns | α | 101Sn | (7/2+) | | |-id=Tellurium-106 | 106Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 54 | 105.93750(11) | 78(11) μs | α | 102Sn | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-107 | rowspan=2|107Te | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 55 | rowspan=2|106.93488(11)# | rowspan=2|3.22(9) ms | α (70%) | 103Sn | rowspan=2|5/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (30%) | 107Sb |-id=Tellurium-108 | rowspan=4|108Te | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 56 | rowspan=4|107.9293805(58) | rowspan=4|2.1(1) s | α (49%) | 104Sn | rowspan=4|0+ | rowspan=4| | rowspan=4| |- | β+ (48.6%) | 108Sb |- | β+, p (2.4%) | 107Sn |- | β+, α (<0.065%) | 104In |-id=Tellurium-109 | rowspan=4|109Te | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 57 | rowspan=4|108.9273045(47) | rowspan=4|4.4(2) s | β+ (86.7%) | 109Sb | rowspan=4|(5/2+) | rowspan=4| | rowspan=4| |- | β+, p (9.4%) | 108Sn |- | α (3.9%) | 105Sn |- | β+, α (<0.0049%) | 105In |-id=Tellurium-110 | 110Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 58 | 109.9224581(71) | 18.6(8) s | β+ | 110Sb | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-111 | rowspan=2|111Te | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59 | rowspan=2|110.9210006(69) | rowspan=2|26.2(6) s | β+ | 111Sb | rowspan=2|(5/2)+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+, p (?%) | 110Sn |-id=Tellurium-112 | 112Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 60 | 111.9167278(90) | 2.0(2) min | β+ | 112Sb | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-113 | 113Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 61 | 112.915891(30) | 1.7(2) min | β+ | 113Sb | (7/2+) | | |-id=Tellurium-114 | 114Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 62 | 113.912088(26) | 15.2(7) min | β+ | 114Sb | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-115 | 115Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 63 | 114.911902(30) | 5.8(2) min | β+ | 115Sb | 7/2+ | | |-id=Tellurium-115m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 115m1Te[n 1] | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 10(6) keV | 6.7(4) min | β+ | 115Sb | (1/2+) | | |-id=Tellurium-115m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 115m2Te | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 280.05(20) keV | 7.5(2) μs | IT | 115Te | 11/2− | | |-id=Tellurium-116 | 116Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 64 | 115.908466(26) | 2.49(4) h | β+ | 116Sb | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-117 | rowspan=2|117Te | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 65 | rowspan=2|116.908646(14) | rowspan=2|62(2) min | EC (75%) | rowspan=2|117Sb | rowspan=2|1/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (25%) |-id=Tellurium-117m | style="text-indent:1em" | 117mTe | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 296.1(5) keV | 103(3) ms | IT | 117Te | (11/2−) | |-id=Tellurium-118 | 118Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 66 | 117.905860(20) | 6.00(2) d | EC | 118Sb | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-119 | rowspan=2|119Te | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 67 | rowspan=2|118.9064057(78) | rowspan=2|16.05(5) h | EC (97.94%) | rowspan=2|119Sb | rowspan=2|1/2+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (2.06%) |-id=Tellurium-119m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 119mTe | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 260.96(5) keV | rowspan=2|4.70(4) d | EC (99.59%) | rowspan=2|119Sb | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (0.41%) |-id=Tellurium-120 | 120Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 68 | 119.9040658(19) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 2] | 0+ | 9(1)×10−4 | |-id=Tellurium-121 | 121Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 69 | 120.904945(28) | 19.31(7) d | β+ | 121Sb | 1/2+ | | |-id=Tellurium-121m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 121mTe | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 293.974(22) keV | rowspan=2|164.7(5) d | IT (88.6%) | 121Te | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β+ (11.4%) | 121Sb |-id=Tellurium-122 | 122Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 70 | 121.9030447(15) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | 0.0255(12) | |-id=Tellurium-123 | 123Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 71 | 122.9042710(15) | colspan=3 align=center|Observationally Stable[n 3] | 1/2+ | 0.0089(3) | |-id=Tellurium-123m | style="text-indent:1em" | 123mTe | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 247.47(4) keV | 119.2(1) d | IT | 123Te | 11/2− | | |-id=Tellurium-124 | 124Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 72 | 123.9028183(15) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | 0.0474(14) | |-id=Tellurium-125 | 125Te[n 4] | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 73 | 124.9044312(15) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 1/2+ | 0.0707(15) | |-id=Tellurium-125m | style="text-indent:1em" | 125mTe[n 4] | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 144.775(8) keV | 57.40(15) d | IT | 125Te | 11/2− | | |-id=Tellurium-126 | 126Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 74 | 125.9033121(15) | colspan=3 align=center|Stable | 0+ | 0.1884(25) | |-id=Tellurium-127 | 127Te[n 4] | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 75 | 126.9052270(15) | 9.35(7) h | β− | 127I | 3/2+ | | |-id=Tellurium-127m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 127mTe[n 4] | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 88.23(7) keV | rowspan=2|106.1(7) d | IT (97.86%) | 127Te | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β− (2.14%) | 127I |-id=Tellurium-128 | 128Te[n 4][n 5] | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 76 | 127.90446124(76) | 2.25(9)×1024 y[n 6] | β−β− | 128Xe | 0+ | 0.3174(8) | |-id=Tellurium-128m | style="text-indent:1em" | 128mTe | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2790.8(3) keV | 363(27) ns | IT | 128Te | (10+) | | |-id=Tellurium-129 | 129Te[n 4] | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 77 | 128.90659642(76) | 69.6(3) min | β− | 129I | 3/2+ | | |-id=Tellurium-129m | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 129mTe[n 4] | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 105.51(3) keV | rowspan=2 |33.6(1) d | IT (64%) | 129Te | rowspan=2 |11/2− | rowspan=2 | | rowspan=2 | |- | β− (36%) | 129I |-id=Tellurium-130 | 130Te[n 4][n 5] | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 78 | 129.906222745(11) | 7.91(21)×1020 y | β−β− | 130Xe | 0+ | 0.3408(62) | |-id=Tellurium-130m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 130m1Te | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2146.41(4) keV | 186(11) ns | IT | 130Te | 7− | | |-id=Tellurium-130m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 130m2Te | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2667.2(8) keV | 1.90(8) μs | IT | 130Te | (10+) | | |-id=Tellurium-130m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 130m3Te | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4373.9(9) keV | 53(8) ns | IT | 130Te | (15−) | | |-id=Tellurium-131 | 131Te[n 4] | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 79 | 130.908522210(65) | 25.0(1) min | β− | 131I | 3/2+ | | |-id=Tellurium-131m1 | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 131m1Te[n 4] | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 182.258(18) keV | rowspan=2|32.48(11) h | β− (74.1%) | 131I | rowspan=2|11/2− | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (25.9%) | 131Te |-id=Tellurium-131m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 131m2Te | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1940.0(4) keV | 93(12) ms | IT | 131Te | (23/2+) | | |-id=Tellurium-132 | 132Te[n 4] | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 80 | 131.9085467(37) | 3.204(13) d | β− | 132I | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-132m1 | style="text-indent:1em" | 132m1Te | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1774.80(9) keV | 145(8) ns | IT | 132Te | 6+ | | |-id=Tellurium-132m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 132m2Te | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1925.47(9) keV | 28.5(9) μs | IT | 132Te | 7− | | |-id=Tellurium-132m3 | style="text-indent:1em" | 132m3Te | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2723.3(8) keV | 3.62(6) μs | IT | 132Te | (10+) | | |-id=Tellurium-133 | 133Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 81 | 132.9109633(22) | 12.5(3) min | β− | 133I | 3/2+# | | |-id=Tellurium-133m1 | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 133m1Te | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 334.26(4) keV | rowspan=2|55.4(4) min | β− (83.5%) | 133I | rowspan=2|(11/2−) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | IT (16.5%) | 133Te |-id=Tellurium-133m2 | style="text-indent:1em" | 133m2Te | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1610.4(5) keV | 100(5) ns | IT | 133Te | (19/2−) | | |-id=Tellurium-134 | 134Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 82 | 133.9113964(29) | 41.8(8) min | β− | 134I | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-134m | style="text-indent:1em" | 134mTe | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1691.34(16) keV | 164.5(7) ns | IT | 134Te | 6+ | | |-id=Tellurium-135 | 135Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 83 | 134.9165547(18) | 19.0(2) s | β− | 135I | (7/2−) | | |-id=Tellurium-135m | style="text-indent:1em" | 135mTe | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1554.89(16) keV | 511(20) ns | IT | 135Te | (19/2−) | | |-id=Tellurium-136 | rowspan=2|136Te | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 84 | rowspan=2|135.9201012(24) | rowspan=2|17.63(9) s | β− (98.63%) | 136I | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (1.37%) | 135I |-id=Tellurium-137 | rowspan=2|137Te | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 85 | rowspan=2|136.9255994(23) | rowspan=2|2.49(5) s | β− (97.06%) | 137I | rowspan=2|3/2−# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (2.94%) | 136I |-id=Tellurium-138 | rowspan=2|138Te | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 86 | rowspan=2|137.9294725(41) | rowspan=2|1.46(25) s | β− (95.20%) | 138I | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (4.80%) | 137I |-id=Tellurium-139 | 139Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 87 | 138.9353672(38) | 724(81) ms | β− | 139I | 5/2−# | | |-id=Tellurium-140 | rowspan=2|140Te | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 88 | rowspan=2|139.939487(15) | rowspan=2|351(5) ms | β− (?%) | 140I | rowspan=2|0+ | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β−, n (?%) | 139I |-id=Tellurium-141 | 141Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 89 | 140.94560(43)# | 193(16) ms | β− | 141I | 5/2−# | | |-id=Tellurium-142 | 142Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 90 | 141.95003(54)# | 147(8) ms | β− | 142I | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-143 | 143Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 91 | 142.95649(54)# | 120(8) ms | β− | 143I | 7/2+# | | |-id=Tellurium-144 | 144Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 92 | 143.96112(32)# | 93(60) ms | β− | 144I | 0+ | | |-id=Tellurium-145 | 145Te | style="text-align:right" | 52 | style="text-align:right" | 93 | 144.96778(32)# | 75# ms
[>550 ns] | β− | 145I | | | Template:Isotopes table/footer

See also

Daughter products other than tellurium

References

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  1. ↑ Many isotopes are expected to have longer half-lives, but decay has not yet been observed in these, allowing only a lower limit to be placed on their half-lives
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